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Background: Adequate tillage checks and delays the emergence of weeds and provides a more favourable environment for early crop establishment. Slow growth of crop plant provides favourable environment for emergence of weeds. Cultural as well as mechanical practices such as hand weeding and intercultural are effective but unavailability of labour and continuous rainfall in rainy season does not permit for timely management of weeds Chemical weed control is effective weed management option which provides effective control of weeds. It is well known that weeds are ubiquitous but their presence in cropped area particularly in rainy season crops like clusterbean act as major limiting factor in achieving high potential yield. The current study aimed to study the impact of crop establishment methods and weed control practices on productivity and profitability of clusterbean. Methods: A field experiment was carried out to find out suitable method of crop establishment methods and weed management practices in clusterbean during kharif seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2020. The experiment was conducted in spilt plot design with three replications. The treatments were four crop establishment methods viz., conventional sowing, zero tillage sowing, broad bed sowing, zero tillage sowing with mulch as main plots and four weed control practices viz., weedy check, pendimethalin + imazethapyr 1000 g ha-1, T3- Imazethapyr 40 g ha-1, T4- Imazethapyr+imazamox 40 g ha-1 as sub plot treatments . Result: The broad bed sowing of clusterbean along with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr 1000 g ha-1 was found effective to achieve higher productivity and farm profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted in kharif seasons of 2015, 2016 and 2017 at experimental farm of Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur (Rajasthan) to study efficacy of different weed management practices in clusterbean. Three years result shows that compared to weedy check (6.82 m-2) application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb one hand weeding recorded lowest weed density (3.58 m-2). Among herbicidal treatments, Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS (83.7%) and Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox @ 40g a.i./ha PoE (74.0%) recorded highest weed control efficiency. Likewise, application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS and Pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha at PE fb Imazathapyr + Imazamox @ 40 g a.i. ha-1 recorded significantly higher seed (1136 kg ha-1 and 1009 kg ha-1), haulm (3304 kg ha-1 and 2943 kg ha-1) and biological yield (4440 kg ha-1 and 3953 kg ha-1), respectively over other herbicidal treatments. Economic evaluation indicated that application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 and which was followed by with Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox@ 40g a.i./ha recorded, gross return (INR 55352 ha-1 and INR 49189 ha-1) net returns (INR 38852 ha-1 and INR 34289 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.35 and 2.20), respectively. Whereas, minimum cost of cultivation (INR 10000 ha-1) and gross returns (INR 25632 ha-1), net returns (INR 15632 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.56) were recorded under weed check. So looking to the laborious pressure of hand weeding, cost effectiveness ease of application of chemical herbicides, application of Pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 fb one hand weeding can be an effective weed control option in cluster bean crop with higher seed and haulm yield under Semi-arid and Arid regions of Rajasthan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous adoption of pearl millet-wheat cropping system led to reduction in productivity which put a serious threat to its sustainability in semi-arid eastern plain zone of Rajasthan, India. Crop diversification with wider choice with a variety of crops is being promoted as an alternative to profit maximization with enhanced soil fertility status. Therefore, a long term experiment was initiated to evaluate the production potential, sustainability, resource-use efficiency and economics of nine pearl millet based cropping systems. Result revealed that system productivity in terms of pearl millet equivalent yield (PMEY) was highest (30488 kg ha-1) with groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion crop rotation. Moreover, groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion recorded the highest SYI and land use efficiency (0.65 and 73.97%) followed by pearl millet-wheat-cluster bean-barley sequence (0.63 and 65.75%). The groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion also generated highest number of man days/ha/year (405). The highest values of organic carbon were found under green grammustard- pearl millet-lentil and cluster bean-pea-pearl millet-lentil. The maximum value of available P was recorded with cluster beanmustard- green gram-garden cress followed by the groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion sequence. Available K decreased significantly from their initial values in all the cropping systems except groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion crop rotation. Among the various systems, groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion realized the highest net returns ( '213000 ha-1), followed by pearl millet-wheat-cluster bean-barley ('163254 ha-1). Overall, it can be concluded that under the semi-arid agro climatic conditions of Rajasthan, ground nut wheat-cluster bean-onion, followed by pearl millet-wheat-cluster bean-barley, were more productive, sustainable, resource use efficient and remunerative than other cropping systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal healthcare services (AHS) are crucial for the profitability and sustainability of smallholder livestock production systems. Availability of veterinary services is very important for development of livestock sector in India. The preference of service providers depend upon the location, distance, livestock holding and capacity to pay and quality of services. This paper focuses on animal health delivery system, morbidity and mortality patterns in livestock of tribal remote areas of Banswara district. A total of 120 tribal livestock owners were drawn from eight villages of two tehsils of Banswara district of Rajasthan. The data from respondents were collected through the specially designed and pre-tested interview schedule. The study revealed that the majority of the respondents (63.33%) were getting advice from Veterinary Officer/Livestock Assistant (LSA) for surgical affections, preferred traditional healer/Vaidat village for treatment of medicinal problems (46%), Veterinary Officer/LSA (70.83%) followed by quacks (21.67%) for gynaecological problems, vaccinated their animals in veterinary hospital as well as in animal health camps organized by animal husbandry department (40%), dewormed their animals on advice of Veterinary Officer/LSA (55%). Regarding the frequencies of mode of approach, only about 27 per cent were always calling veterinary expert at doorstep, sometime scalling veterinary expert at doorstep (73.33%), sometimes visited without diseased animals (45%) but about 31 per cent took their diseased animals at animal health service centre. Predominant diseases among cattle and buffalo were repeat breeding, metritis, diarrhoea, parasitic infections, pneumonia and poisoning. Parasitic infections, pox, pneumonia, diarrhoea and acidosis were found as major problems among goats of the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted on a total 80 dairy farmers having minimum three milch animals selected from eight villages of Dausa and Jaipur districts of Rajasthan to ascertain the constraints perceived by dairy members in adoption of new technologies in dairy farming. The information was collected by conducting personal interviews of the livestock farmers with the help of well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. It has been observed that majority (42.5 per cent) of the dairy members faced high level of constraints followed by medium (38.7 per cent) and low (23.8 per cent) regarding infrastructure. In case of technical constraints, majority ( 45.0 per cent) of the dairy members were perceived as high level of constraints followed by medium ( 33.8 per cent) and low (21.2 per cent ) level of constraints. With respect to economic constraints, majority (38.8 per cent) of the dairy members faced medium level of constraints followed by high (35.0 per cent) and low level of constraints (26.2 per cent). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]