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Little is known about risk factors for incident herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection among men in Africa. In a trial in Rakai, Uganda, 6396 men aged 15-49 years were evaluated for serological evidence of HSV-2, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis infections at enrollment and at 6, 12, and 24 months. The prevalence of HSV-2 infection was 33.76%, and the incidence was 4.90 cases per 100 person-years. HSV-2 incidence increased with alcohol use with sexual intercourse (adjusted incidence rate ratio [adjIRR], 1.92 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.46 -2.53]), decreased with consistent condom use (adjIRR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.36-0.89]) and male circumcision (adjIRR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.55- 0.91]), and was not significantly affected by enrollment HIV status. Education on modifiable behavioral changes may reduce the acquisition of HSV-2. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00425984 and NCT00124878.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates a case-control study of human immunodeficiency virus acquisition associated with genital ulcer disease and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in Rakai, Uganda. Measurement of HIV load by nucleic acid-polymerase chain reaction; Herpes simplex virus type 2 serologic testing using HerpeSelect ELA with Western blot confirmation; Treatment of herpes simplex virus infection in seropositive, dually infected individuals.

The article presents a study which examined the efficacy of male circumcision to reduce prevalence and incidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in female partners of circumcised men in Rakai, Uganda. Results showed that male circumcision must be accepted as an efficacious intervention for reducing the prevalence and incidence of HPV infections in female partners. However, it also emphasized the importance of the promotion of safe sex practices.

The article presents a study on determining the prevalence and incidence of reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in HIV-infected and HIV-negative individuals, which is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Rakai, Uganda. The study used a community-based cohort and initiated the participants with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Results showed that the prevalence and incidence of reduced GFR were higher in HIV-infected participants rather than HIV-negative participants.

The article presents a randomized clinical trial of men in Rakai, Uganda that examined whether circumcision reduced the risk of the men acquiring HIV. Men were randomly assigned to either receive an immediate circumcision or to be circumcised after 24 months. The men were assessed through HIV testing, physical examinations, and interviews. The authors found that male circumcision did reduce the incidence of HIV infections in the men without behavioral disinhibition and thus recommend the procedure for HIV prevention in men.