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Introduction: In developing nations, one of the most common reasons for death and illness is due to infections that are brought on by intestinal parasites. People who have HIV are more likely to contract parasites that are either well-established intestinal pathogens, like Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Strongyloidesstercoralis, or an opportunistic pathogen like Cryptosporidium, Isospora, Cyclospora and Microsporidia. Higher prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections occurs in patients with low CD4+ cell counts. Hence, this study had been performed to know the correlation of intestinal parasitic infection in HIV/AIDS patients with reference to CD4+ cell count. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 1477 HIV-positive patients who were treated at ART Centre of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi. All participants provided verbal informed consent before specimens were collected. Blood and stool sample were used for the identification of parasite and CD4+ T-Cell count. Results: In patients living with HIV, the prevalence of intestinal parasite infection was 12.59 per cent. In a manner parallel, the prevalence of parasitic infections was found to be 10.29% among male HIV-positive patients and 2.31% among female HIV-positive patients. Conclusions: This study has shed light that low CD4+ T-cell count appears to be a factor for intestinal parasitic infections and development of diarrhoea. Regular screening and treatment of intestinal parasitic infections is very important in overall improvement in quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients. Nevertheless, sanitary hygiene practices and deworming are needed to enhance the control of infection in the affected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The hospitals have high burden of nosocomial infections, usually caused by multi drug resistant nosocomial organisms. Amongst them Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most difficult pathogens, an epitome of opportunistic nosocomial infections and causes severe and life-threatening infections. This is a compelling problem in hospital settings and needs to have studies on antimicrobial susceptibility pattern to guide the hospital policy on the appropriate use of antibiotics. Material and methods: A crosssectional study at a tertiary care hospital, RIMS, Ranchi, was conducted from October 2017 to September 2018.Phenotypically identified by standard methods (biochemical tests). Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI guidelines). Results: A total of 107 samples were processed. Majority of samples were from IPD (69.15%). Among 107 patients, there were 75.70% males and 24.29% females. About 23% of the patients were >50 years of age. The samples mainly comprised of pus (50.46%) followed by urine (30.84 %). Maximum number of pus samples were obtained from general surgery, neurosurgery, orthopaedics, and ENT in patients. Imipenem (75.70%), Piperacillin-Tazobactam (74.77%), Meropenem (70.09%) in the decreasing order were the most sensitive against P. aeruginosa strains. Comclusion: P. aeruginosa is resistant to common antibiotics that make its survival easy in hospital settings. So, implementation of hospital policy on judicious and rational use of antibiotics must be there in every hospital based on local susceptibility pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]