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Several epidemiological studies have shown that there are consistent positive associations between dietary inflammatory index (DII ® ) and cancer incidence in Western populations. However, few DII-cancer studies have been conducted in East Asian populations. In a large cohort representative of the general Korean population, we investigated whether the DII is associated with overall cancer risk. A total of 163,660 participants (56,781 males and 106,879 females) had evaluable data for analyses. This follow-up study was carried out over the course of 7.9 years. DII was calculated based on Semi-Quantitative Food-Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) data for 106 food items. Cancers were self-reported based on notification by the participants' medical doctors. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After the follow-up, 1,643 cases of cancer (520 males and 1123 females) had developed. In a fully adjusted model, women in the highest DII quintile showed a 44% increased risk of getting cancer (HR Q5vsQ1 = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.14-1.82; p -trend = 0.0006), while men showed no apparent association (HR Q5vsQ1 = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.58-1.10). These results indicate that in Korean women, a more pro-inflammatory diet is associated with a higher risk of cancer incidence.