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Background: The relationship between suicidality and resilience is underexplored among the general population. This study aimed to explore the relationship between lifetime, one-year, and one-month prevalence of suicidality (ideation, plan, attempt) and resilience in the general population., Methods: Data on suicidality, resilience, prevalence of major mental disorders, and other key psychological factors were collected from the National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021. Interviewees comprised 5511 South Koreans aged 18-79 years. The contribution of resilience to suicidality was evaluated using Rao-Scot logistic regression, adjusting for possible confounders such as mental disorder prevalence and demographic and psychological characteristics., Results: Significantly lower resilience levels were noted among participants who reported lifetime, one-year, and one-month suicidal ideation, plan, or attempts. High resilience levels predicted no suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts in the lifetime, and no suicidal ideation and plans in the one-year and one-month time frames., Limitations: First, this study's cross-sectional design has limitations for ascertaining a causal relationship between resilience and suicidality. Second, because the number of participants who had attempted suicide in the past year and reported suicidal thoughts/attempts in the past month was small, there were limitations in the analysis of suicidality in these time frames. Third, it was difficult to rule out the mediating effects of personality and temperament on the relationship between resilience and suicidality., Conclusions: High resilience levels predicted lower lifetime and current suicidal ideation and suicidal planning in the general population. This study shows that psychological resilience is an important factor in evaluating an individual's current suicidality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Numerous studies have highlighted the significant impact of disasters on mental health, often leading to psychiatric disorders among affected individuals. Timely identification of disaster-related mental health problems is crucial to prevent long-term negative consequences and improve individual and community resilience. To address the limitations of prior research that has focused solely on isolated incidents, we analyzed the impact of a recurring Halloween event in Itaewon, South Korea, which culminated tragically in a crowd crush incident in 2022. We conducted sentiment analysis on big data from Korean Twitter to gauge the impact of this disaster on public sentiment. We collected tweets 2 weeks before and after the annual festival from 2020 to 2022, allowing for the consideration of variability across years and days before the disaster. Using a pre-trained RoBERTa neural network model fine-tuned with public sentiment datasets, we categorized tweets into seven pre-defined emotional categories: Anger, sadness, happiness, disgust, fear, surprise, and neutrality. These sentiments were then analyzed as daily time-series data. The overall tweet volume across all sentiment categories increased, particularly showing an increase in the number of tweets indicating "Sadness" in 2022 compared with that in previous years. Post-disaster, a substantial increase was noted in the proportion of tweets expressing "Sadness" and "Fear." This trend was confirmed by Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Regressor models. Notably, there was an increase in the number of tweets expressing all sentiments, including "Happy." However, significant changes in proportions were observed only in tweets categorized as expressing "Sadness" [0.046 (95% CI: 0.024-0.068, P < 0.0001)] and "Fear" [0.033 (95% CI: 0.014-0.051, P < 0.0001)]. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using sentiment data from social media, combined with sentiment classification, to assess distinct public mental health features following disasters. This approach provides valuable insights into the emotional impact of each event., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: An open-label single-arm phase 2 study was conducted to evaluate the role of levetiracetam as a sensitizer of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. This study aimed to determine the survival benefit of levetiracetam in conjunction with the standard treatment for glioblastoma., Methods: Major eligibility requirements included histologically proven glioblastoma in the supratentorial region, patients 18 years or older, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2. Levetiracetam was given at 1,000-2,000 mg daily in two divided doses during CCRT and adjuvant chemotherapy thereafter. The primary and the secondary endpoints were 6-month progression-free survival (6mo-PFS) and 24-month overall survival (24mo-OS), respectively. Outcomes of the study group were compared to those of an external control group., Results: Between July 2016 and January 2019, 76 patients were enrolled, and 73 patients were included in the final analysis. The primary and secondary outcomes were improved in the study population compared to the external control (6mo-PFS, 84.9% vs. 72.3%, p = 0.038; 24mo-OS, 58.0% vs. 39.9%, p = 0.018), but the differences were less prominent in a propensity score-matched analysis (6mo-PFS, 88.0% vs. 76.9%, p = 0.071; 24mo-OS, 57.1% vs. 38.8%, p = 0.054). In exploratory subgroup analyses, some results suggested that patients with ages under 65 years or unmethylated MGMT promoter might have a greater survival benefit from the use of levetiracetam., Conclusions: The use of levetiracetam during CCRT in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma may result in improved outcomes, but further investigations are warranted., (© 2021 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Human serum albumin (HSA) has been widely used as a pharmaceutical excipient in Botulinum toxin serotype A (BoNT/A) products that are indicated for use in therapeutics and cosmetics. However, HSA as a human-derived material has some concerns, such as the potential risk of transmission of infectious agents, an insufficient supply, and difficulty in maintaining a certain quality. For those reasons, newly developed BoNT/A products (CORETOX®, Medytox, Inc., Republic of Korea) contained polysorbate 20, a non-human-derived excipient, to replace the HSA. However, most safety studies of polysorbate 20 have been conducted with non-invasive routes of administration, and thus there are a few studies on the safety of polysorbate 20 when administered intramuscularly. To secure the in vivo safety profile of polysorbate 20, a four-week repeated intramuscular dose toxicity study (0.02, 0.1, and 0.4 mg/kg, one injection every two weeks for a total of three injections) was conducted in 66 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. An intradermal irritation study was further conducted with 18 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. The toxicological evaluation of HSA (0.06 and 0.12 mg/kg) was also carried out as a comparative substance. Systemic and local toxicities were not observed in any of the SD rats or NZW rabbits based on clinical signs, body weight, hematology, clinical biochemistry, macroscopic findings on necropsy, histopathology of the injection site, and allergic reactions. The current study suggested that intramuscular administration of polysorbate 20 was considered to be safe at a level similar to that of HSA, which has an in vivo safety profile accumulated over the years. This provided the basis for the in vivo safety profile of polysorbate 20 administered intramuscularly and the scientific reliability of the use of polysorbate 20 as an alternative to HSA, which is used as an excipient for various pharmaceuticals in terms of its safety., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Furthermore, the authors [JK, SK, MSP, CHR, GHY, WhK] employed by a commercial company, Medytox Inc., confirm that this commercial affiliation does not alter their adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Cattle are a natural reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and have recently been recognized as a major source of Campylobacter jejuni contamination. While several factors are known to be associated with bacterial colonization, the underlying microbial factors have not been clarified. In this study, we characterized the fecal microbiota of dairy cattle (n = 24) using next-generation sequencing to elucidate the intestinal bacterial communities and the microbial diversity in relation to the presence of the foodborne pathogens STEC and C. jejuni (STEC-positive samples, n = 9; STEC-negative samples, n = 15; C. jejuni-positive samples, n = 9; and C. jejuni-negative samples, n = 15). While no significant differences were observed in alpha diversity between STEC-positive and STEC-negative samples, a high diversity index was observed in C. jejuni-positive samples compared to C. jejuni-negative samples. Nine phyla, 13 classes, 18 orders, 47 families, 148 genera, and 261 species were found to be the core microbiota in dairy cattle, covering 80.0-100.0% of the fecal microbial community. Diverse microbial communities were observed between cattle shedding foodborne pathogens and nonshedding cattle. C. jejuni-positive cattle had a higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (p = 0.035) and a lower relative abundance of Firmicutes (p = 0.035) compared to C. jejuni-negative cattle. In addition, while the relative abundance of 2 and 6 genera was significantly higher in cattle-shedding STEC and C. jejuni, respectively, the relative abundance of 3 genera was lower in both STEC- and C. jejuni-negative cattle. Our findings provide fundamental information on the bacterial ecology in cattle feces and might be useful in developing strategies to reduce STEC or C. jejuni shedding in dairy cattle, thereby reducing the incidence of STEC infection and campylobacteriosis in humans.

The nasal septum plays an important role in nose development. East Asians are believed to have inherent hypoplasia of the nasal septum because East Asians have smaller noses than whites do. However, there have been no studies of nasal septum differences between whites and East Asians. We compared the nasal septum and its components in Koreans and whites using computed tomographic scan data. Twenty-seven patients of white origin and 64 patients of Korean origin older than 20 years were enrolled in this study between 2008 and 2012. We evaluated a total of 9 measurement items (5 for the nasal bones and septa as well as 4 for the external nose morphology). Sex differences in whites were the same as those in Koreans. Nasal bridge length and cartilaginous nasal bridge length were significantly longer in whites than in Koreans. However, there were no significant differences in nasal height, nasal tip projection, nasal bone length, total septal area, or most components of the nasal septum between the samples. The relative proportions of the cartilaginous septum divided by the total septal area were negatively correlated with the relative proportions of the perpendicular plate in both groups. Differences in the external nasal morphology between whites and Koreans are not caused by differences in the nasal septum.