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The COVID-19 pandemic found favourable conditions to spread in Brazil. A lack of coordinated action by the federal government, together with already weak Primary Health Care (PHC) had consequences for workers and users. This study examined PHC management and work process in response the COVID-19 pandemic in three municipalities, in view of the history of how PHC was set up, its relationship with the national public health system (SUS), and PHC and social activism in vulnerable territories, from the perceptions of users and workers. The study included a literature search, participant observation and 97 in-depth interviews of PHC workers and users. The results were organised into four areas: PHC implementation and management in the municipalities; the PHC work process; workers’ and users’ perceptions of PHC and the SUS; and territories, organised groups and social activism. Workers faced an environment of fear, overwork and changes in their work process, none of which prevented them from persisting and reinventing their practice. Users encountered barriers to access and difficulties in complying with public health measures, but the study found experiences of organised groups that emerged as means of coping with the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platynosomosis is a parasitic disease caused by a trematode of the genus Platynosomum , a bile duct and gallbladder fluke that has been described in captive neotropical primates (New World primates; NWPs) and causes high morbidity and variable mortality. Although it is a major concern for ex-situ conservation of these animals, there are only a few studies of platynosomosis in free-ranging NWPs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize platynosomosis in a free-ranging population of marmosets (Callithrix spp) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, focusing on the epidemiological and pathological aspects of the disease. A total of 1,001 marmosets were evaluated and on the basis of clinicoepidemiological data, histopathology, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, we concluded that Platynosomum spp infection has a prevalence of 8.9% (confidence interval: 7.3–10.8%) in free-ranging marmosets, with a higher frequency in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro. Infection was associated with fibrosing and proliferative cholangiohepatitis associated with biliary lithiasis (3.0% of cases) and secondary bacterial infections (14.6% of cases). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rio Negro Province in the NW Amazon craton is composed of three domains (northeastern, central, and southwestern) in turn separated into several regional terrains, showing main NE-SW and WNW-ESE structures and being composed of high-grade polydeformed basement with 1840–1700 Ma protolith ages. The Northeastern Domain shows basements dominated by high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic metagranitoids, orthogneisses, migmatites, augen gneisses, and local A-type leucogneisses (1810–1760 Ma, Cauaburi Complex). In Venezuela, this basement is not widely known, but encompasses the oldest rocks of the province (1840–1820 Ma, San Carlos Metamorphic Terrane). The Southwestern Domain comprises medium- to high-K calc-alkaline orthogneisses (Querari Complex) with an extended compositional range (diorite to granite), NE-trending main foliation, and 1740–1700 Ma protolith ages. The Central Domain comprises peraluminous crustal-derived granites (1520–1480 Ma), supracrustal rocks, paragneisses, and some Cauaburi Complex inliers. The Nd isotope data for the basement rocks indicates mantle sources with decreasing crustal contributions and younger TDM ages from east (2.54–1.96 Ga) to west (1.97–1.82 Ga). The Rio Negro Province is interpreted as an accretionary orogen formed by a long-lived magmatic arc system active during three phases: 1.84–1.82 Ga, 1.81–1.76 Ga (main flare up) and 1.75–1.70 Ga. Later, this arc system was affected by collisional orogenies at ~1500 Ma (Içana Orogeny) and ~1300 Ma (Putumayo Orogeny), as showed by the Ar–Ar step heating plateau ages (biotite, hornblende) and U-Pb SHRIMP ages (zircon, titanite) recording two main metamorphic events at 1520–1480 Ma (medium–high T) and 1400–1310 Ma (low–medium T), with important tectonothermal effects also further east in the Tapajós-Parima Province. Based on similar accretionary histories, the Rio Negro Province has also apparent long-lived connections with Laurentia and Baltica (Transscandinavian Belt), forming the core of the Columbia Supercontinent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study aims to better understand the energy balance in tropical and wet climate urban areas by developing a 37-year (1984–2020) energy balance climatology based on SEBAL algorithm and Landsat data for Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro (MARJ). Particularly, our results show that MARJ lost 13% of its vegetation cover and its urban area almost doubled since the 1980s decade. We show a positive (negative) urban-vegetation albedo (net radiation) difference in MARJ contributing to reduce the UHI intensity, but not capable to compensate for the warming effects related to the partitioning of latent and sensible heat fluxes. Our results revealed that the UHI intensity along the year in MARJ is maximum (minimum) during summer (winter) when the urban-vegetation temperature, sensible and latent heat fluxes absolute differences reach maximum values around 9.9°C (3.8°C), 150 Wm-2 (71 Wm-2), and 330 Wm-2 (145 Wm-2). We observe a great reduction of latent heat flux in urban areas in agreement with the pronounced effect of urbanization on wet climate regions. Thus, alternative/original strategies, not only based on increasing green areas, may be needed to reduce the urban warming in MARJ. • Urbanization impacts on heat-energy fluxes in southern tropic. • A 37-year (1984–2020) energy balance climatology for MARJ. • The urban area doubled since the 80s, including 13% of native vegetation loss. • Higher UHI impacts during austral summer. • Pronounced effect of urbanization with a great latent-heat flux reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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