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The Kurzarbeit model was applied by several European governments during the previous crisis of 2008-2009 and involved the design of small state-funded work schemes. Governments have supported subsidized companies to compensate for the loss of revenue. Adapting the model to the crisis has been much easier in countries where regulation already exists, compared to the countries that adopted it for the first time. The efficiency of the model was different, with the best results being obtained by countries that had robust economies before the crisis. Overall, at the level of countries that have applied this model, it can be said that the model provided job stability during the crisis, not the certainty that workers will keep their jobs even after the crisis. Given the recent decision of the Romanian Government to apply the Kurzarbeit measure in our country as well, in the current study we considered the analysis of those issues that affected the countries that adopted this model for the first time, in the previous crisis, at which we added the unprecedented impact of the recent pandemic and the particular aspects that characterize today's Romanian economy. The results show that, without analyzing the particularities that differentiate Romania from the countries that have successfully applied the model, the Kurzarbeit model will not ensure the sustainable development of the social factor and the employment rate assumed for 2020, and social inequalities and poverty will continue to deepen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crisis caused by coronavirus will certainly generate a multitude of changes, forcing us, among other things, to pay more attention to what means unconventional and the new socio-economic situations produced by it. Assumed of being a global issue, the current crisis is also generating a range of expectations in terms of resolving it. Among them and the one according to which due to its global character (global crisis) the answer must be also a global one. However, the social realities invite specific interventions according to local socio-economic context, being practically related to local particularities of the crisis. All of these explain why the consequences are different from one country to another. Regarding the crisis caused by coronavirus, even if the immediate effect of pandemic has been reflected rather in changes of the people's lifestyles (social distancing, isolation, etc.), the hardest impact has been felt because of the evolution of economics. The coronavirus pandemic has shaken up the world's largest economies. The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on world GDP growth is huge and probably the recession is the biggest since the end of World War II. Economies have contracted and have generated a wide range of problems: declining incomes, poverty, social inequalities, social polarization, social exclusion. All of these are considered as having a significant impact on the quality of life and wellbeing of an individual. This article seeks to make a brief assessment of the socio-economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic in Romania. Some important indicators that influence the standard of living of Romanians have already changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of a process of expanding urbanization, societies tend to reflect more on the role that rural space, including the rural population, will play in the future. To what extent will the rural area maintain its fundamental functions? To what extent will the rural population adapt to change and find its place in a world with a growing urban character? Things are even more complex in the case of Romania, for a long time our country being an agricultural one. Even at the present time, Romania disposes of a generous rural area and of a considerable rural population. Our study aims to capture the evolution of the rural population in the last decade, respectively to identify whether, compared to previous periods, the same trends have been maintained, and if there have been changes, to capture what those were. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union aims, as the main objective, to increase the employment rate of the population and using it to its full potential in order to increase living standards. When control of barriers between EU Member States was lifted, it was necessary to create a european single market (Single European Market) that encouraged the interdependence of the economies of states and the development of a common system of laws. Taking into account the social component, single labor market (European Single Labour Market) is a critical element in achieving the benefits of an integrated market. Moreover, it is one of the key forces for achieving the Europe 2020 goals, particularly in relation to employment rates and initiative Youth on the Move (in order to improve education and employment among young people). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unemployment is a topic of interest in all times. A prosperous economy controls as much as possible the various aspects of employment, labour, unemployment. Therefore, macroeconomic policies must also address the various aspects of unemployment, the problem that affects the welfare of the population, and therefore the national economy. Based on these considerations, the present paper attempts to highlight certain aspects of unemployment in Romania and Caraş Severin, as well as the aspects that our country must consider in order to reach the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic policy directly related to employment and labour force aims the economic growth and the increase of the living standard using the best the capacities of economy: increasing productivity, reducing unemployment, using a larger proportion of working time. This paper aimed to use the statistical and econometric techniques to test and reveal trends in the evolution of the quarterly employment rate in agriculture, and on this basis to extrapolate the investigated characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the analysis of the Europe 2020 Strategy's goals related to labor resources, taking into account four indicators: employment rate, early leavers from education and training, tertiary educational attainment and people at risk of poverty or social exclusion. The analysis is built on three steps: a comparative analysis between EU28 average and Romania during 2000-2014, a regression analysis under ANOVA restrictions and a forecast analysis until 2020 under ARIMA method, using SPSS19 software. Whole analysis and all conclusions are supported by pertinent statistical tables and diagrams. These diagrams are based on the latest official statistic data. The main conclusion of the paper is that Europe 2020 Strategy's goals are far away of being achieved in 2020. Moreover, the socio-economic disparities will remain in 2020 raising doubts about the Cohesion Policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization involves the gradual integration of economies and societies. Due to globalization were set up job quality and adequately paid in regions of the world where survival of the population was carried out mostly on agriculture. Globalization has created benefits unevenly distributed between countries and even within them. Unfortunately economic integration worldwide had unbalanced and unfavorable results of certain regions, sectors or workers. Only insofar as it provides a more equitable social development for all, globalization is truly sustainable. European society is changing is influenced by various factors, among which technological progress, globalization of trade and population aging. As regards employment and equal opportunities employment policies shall contribute to improving the living conditions of citizens, the objective being sustainable growth and greater social cohesion. In this respect the European Union introduced a legal framework aimed at protecting citizens. Policy of the European Union and Romania embraced priority aims high employment of labor, increased mobility, improved working conditions and better quality jobs, increased information and advice workers, finding solutions combating poverty and social exclusion, equality between men and women and ensuring modern social protection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the evolution of the gross domestic product per inhabitant correlated with the variation of the employment rate by participation in economic activity in the eight development regions of Romania in 2000-2012 period. To achieve the correlation between the two indicators, the article proposes the use of the linear regression model that is the base of many micro and macro analyzes. In this regression model, the gross domestic product per inhabitant is considered as outcome variables and the employment rate in each development region as variable factorial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of Romanian integration into the European Union through the analysis of statistical data related to the absorption way of structural and cohesion funds available in 2007-2013 (absorption indicators and economic competitiveness indicators: Gross Domestic Product, employment rate, unemployment, population). In addition there are analyzed the structural and cohesion funds available for Romania in 2014-2020, for each category of available operational program and also the measures that must be implemented for Romania to adapt in a performance way to Europe 2020. The analysis results are considered as prerequisites for the development of an underlying model of investment decisions in the integrated sustainable development of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian society being affected by the restructuring process, the economy of Calarasi county has a potential to re-launch, based on the following strengths: agricultural potential, technical potential, water resources that can enhance the development of fish breeding, commercial, industrial and tourism activities on the Danube and inner rivers; the geographical position at the border and at the crossroads of the transit roads between Asia and East Europe; access to the navigable way. Calarasi county being close to the Danube creates a remarkable tourist attractiveness, but insufficiently used. The big number of islands with a unique picturesque, the ramification of the main waters through unique braches, create both a natural scenery which involves relaxation but also good conditions for the sportive hunting and fishing. The present research analyses the natural, economic and human potential that Calarasi county posses, starting from the premises that its agriculture constitutes a main sector in the occupied county economy (47.2%) as well the agricultural surface (84%) from the total county surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last years of the 20th century, the youth's employment became a central subject for many economic and social studies and reports. The actual economic crisis has generated a lot of challenges for the youths on the labour market. Transition from school to work will be, at least on short term, difficult for the new generation, who will came into concurrence with persons who are already searching for a job. In the same time, employers will become more and more selective regarding new personal recruitment. The main idea of this study is that in the developed societies we may find two important aspects of the impact of crisis on youth's employment. On one hand, there is an impact on the highly educated youths, who have a high education degree and are preparing to enter on the labour market. During economic recession they are facing unemployment, low wages, and low paid jobs. When economic growth is starting they are facing another problem: employers will be tempted to hire young graduates instead of those who have graduated years before, and who are facing again the risk of being unemployed. In these situations, young graduates in times of economic recessions are often called, in sociological literature, the lost generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is presented the evolution of Employment rate of work age population (aged 15-64) by gender and area, as well as statistical correlation between Gross Domestic Product/ capita and Employment rate of population in Romania (during 2002-2011) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a concise presentation of the present workforce market on the southern part of the Hungarian-Romanian border region, focusing on four neighboring counties: Timiş and Arad on the Romanian side, respectively Békés and Csongrád on the Hungarian side. As far as the activity and unemployment rate is concerned, there is a rampant difference between the Romanian and Hungarian side in favor of Romanian one, due to its relative high competitivity, the industrial culture and thus the higher ability to attract investments. In the same time the Hungarian side preserved a more pronounced agricultural feature with a lower grade of reindustrialization. In this case the positional periphery, namely the border strip, overlaps with the disadvantageous conditions regarding the workforce market, emphasizing even more its social periphery status. According to the economic expectations, in the future is very likely to occur a commuting of the Hungarian workforce and job seekers toward the neighboring Romanian regions, as a consequence of the asymmetric development tendencies of the job-market on the two sides of the border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study approaches in a contextual manner the question of employment in Romania, emphasising: the upshots of the transition from communism to capitalism; the phenomenon of migration; integration into the European Union; and the aging of the population. Meanwhile, the current economic crisis has led to a decline in the number of employed people and in their salaries. The author's intention has been for this approach to facilitate the creation of a nuanced image of employment in Romania through a time-dependent (past-present-future) and geopolitical (Romania as a part of the European Union) analysis. The reaction of the Romanian government to the crisis has been to develop right-wing policies in the name of austerity: employees now enjoy fewer rights while the language around flexibilisation offers them fewer opportunities than it does capital owners as a result of the imbalance between supply and demand on the labour market. The outcome has been an unfortunate reduction in what Gøsta Esping-Andersen named the 'decommodification' of the work force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian economy's transition process began suddenly and was accompanied by disintegration of former political and economic system. In terms of GDP per capita, Romania has been one of the poorest countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Also, the Romanian economy was one of the most agrarian economies in Europe. Completely isolated from the informational point of view, Romania had a fully centralized economic system. Beginning of transition was completely chaotic, especially because of the complexity of integrating the fundamentals of democracy and market economy. Internal problems, instability, political corruption or lack of appropriate reforms have led to a difficult restructuring and privatization process. In this paper we present and analyze the tendencies and vulnerabilities on Romanian labor market between 19991 and 2009 versus EU member states. There were identified three shocks with major social impact on Romanian economy: the revolution in December 1989; the EU accession in January 2007 and the world economic crisis began in 2007. These three structural shocks have deeply influenced and still do the evolution of Romanian labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic disparities are disparities between levels of economic development of the areas or regions within a national economy. If economic literature has failed to explain the causes of inequalities in economic development of different regions of the EU, this issue became a priority in EU economic policy, especially after the adhesion of Greece, Spain and Portugal, countries characterized by a lower level of development from other EU countries and also marked by significant regional imbalances. European Union supports reducing disparities between different regions of Member States so that all regions and their people to benefit from economic and social advantages of the Union. This paper aims to highlight disparities between the macro-regions in Romania. Regional demarcation criterion in the NUTS system is the population's number within a territory. Most pertinent argument is that the goal of all activities in a society lies in meeting the needs of the individual and of the community. This possibility is ensured by a certain level of economic development in the region. Less developed areas of Romania are located in Northern Moldova and in the South Eastern Romanian Plain and the more developed areas include, in addition to Bucharest and Constanta, Transylvania and Banat regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasingly important role in economic activity has the human resources. These are represented of population, also planning and management of such resources are extremely important, almost as important as raw materials and energy resources. Without people, any activity of exploitation of deposits is not possible, as otherwise there can be not possible any economic action or otherwise. The labor market in Romania has undergone significant changes in the process of economic transition, manifested by reducing the active and occupied people, by maintaining relatively steady unemployment rate and increasing youth unemployment and the long term unemployment, being affected mainly by the limited capacity of creation new jobs. In parallel with the reduction in employment people, it occurred significant changes in employment structure by sectors, industries, regions, types of ownership, age and occupational status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a study of European Union labour market and its dynamics as regard to the European Employment Strategy's objectives. Our analysis starting point is the 1997 "Lisbon Strategy", which puts in place a set of objectives to be achieved by the member states by 2010. They are monitoring the employment performance of the existing member states andcandidates to the membership. Lisbon Strategy has been amended in 2000 and 2005, so that it focuses now on three employment indicators: total employment rate, female employment rate and older workers (between 55-64 years of age) employment rate. The paper uses data from Eurostat and Romanian NSI (National Statistical Institute) to compare our national trends and achievements with those of all the other member states and the EU targets.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the time preceding Romania's integration in the European Union we witness several economic and demographic evolutions, some of which are slow while some other spectacular, but all of them really interesting for the ones willing to insist upon them in order to understand and even explain them. The relation between the two categories of evolutions as well as phenomena is unquestionable, it is just their specific and clear way of manifestation that requires a special attention. Under this aspect, the case of Romania in the mentioned period is worth being paid attention to, both from the perspective of the analysis and - inclusively - of the strategies which have to be followed according to these evolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]