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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition characterized by pancreatic autoimmunity and destruction of the insulin producing beta-cells. The risk of familial type 1 diabetes (FT1DM) is greater in families with paternal T1DM. The children with paternal FT1DM have a more severe form of the disease with diabetic ketoacidosis. Three families with FT1DM, out of which two with paternal diabetes and daughters diagnosed with this disease, and one family with sibling FT1DM were evaluated between 2019-2021 in the Pediatric Diabetes and the Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Departments of a tertiary hospital. Clinical, biological, and genetic evaluations were performed, together with an assessment of the gastrointestinal microbiota. The Romanian children with FT1DM had a more severe onset, a median of age at onset of 9 years old and a genetic predisposition with positive HLA DR3/R4, DQB1*02:01. The protecting allele, DPB1*04:01, was found only in the siblings with FT1DM. A gastrointestinal dysbiosis, characterized by pro-inflammatory bacteria, with high levels of Enterobacteriaceae and Candida, was observed in the gut microbiota. This is the first case series of FT1DM in Romanian patients that shows the presence of genetic determinants but also a pathological microbiota which may determine a more severe and an early-age onset of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To study the age and sex-dependent mortality rates and causes of death in a large Romanian diabetes cohort as compared with the general population. Methods: All adult patients aged 20–64 years, receiving a free diabetes prescription in a major urban area during 2001–2008 were included and followed-up for death until December 31, 2011. Crude mortality rates and standardized mortality rate ratios (SMR) against general population (data from the National Institute of Statistics) were calculated. Years lost due to diabetes were computed assuming the general population mortality rates for ages below 20 and above 64 years. Results: During the 11 years study period, 49,328 diabetes patients (mean age at baseline 53.0 ± 8.8 years) contributed 297,370 person-years and 5,053 deaths. All cause mortality rates (per 1000 person years) increased with age and was 3.4 in 20–24 years age group and 25.7 in 60–64 year age group, while the corresponding SMR decreased from 6.0 to 1.5. Diabetes patients aged 20–24 years had a life expectancy of 48.6 years, which was 6.6 years less compared with the corresponding general population (55.2 years). The gap was 7.0 years in women and 5.8 years in men. Diabetes patients aged 20–24 years lost 196 minutes of life daily due to diabetes in women and 182 minutes in men. Conclusions: Mortality rates increased, while mortality rate ratios against general population decreased with age. Men had higher mortality rates, but women had higher mortality rate ratios in the gender analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: As there are no published articles on country-level diabetes-related mortality in Romania, we aimed to investigate this aspect for the 1998-2015 period.Methods: Anonymized demographic and diabetes-related mortality data (underlying or first secondary cause of death) were retrospectively obtained from the National Institute of Statistics/Eurostat microdata. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and their annual percentage change (APC) were analysed.Results: During 1998-2015, 4,567,899 persons died in Romania, among whom, diabetes was responsible for 168,854 cases. The ASMR for diabetes was 39.34 per 100,000 person-years (p-y) (95% CI 39.32-39.35). There was an increase in ASMR from 27.10 per 100,000 p-y (95% CI 27.01-27.19) in women and 30.88 per 100,000 p-y (95% CI 30.77-30.99) in men in 1998 to 35.42 per 100,000 p-y (95% CI 35.34-35.51) in women and 48.41 per 100,000 p-y (95% CI 48.29-48.52) in men, in 2015. The mean APC in women was 3.8% per year (95% CI 3.5-4.0, p < 0.001) during 1998-2010 and − 1.9% per year (95% CI − 2.7 to − 1.1, p < 0.001) during 2010-2015. The mean APC in men was 5.3% per year (95% CI 5.0-5.5, p < 0.001) during 1998-2010 and − 1.5% per year (95% CI − 2.2 to − 0.8, p < 0.001) during 2010-2015. Diabetes-related mortality rates increased with age, with men experiencing higher mortality rates than women for most age groups and calendar years.Conclusions: Diabetes-related mortality rates increased significantly in Romania during 1998-2010, followed by a steady decline during 2010-2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: High-quality national representative data on obesity in Romanian children are needed to shape public health policies. To provide a unified data landscape on national prevalence, trends and other factors associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity in Romanian children aged 6-19 years, across the last decade (2006-2015). Methods: Using a common protocol, we selected published and unpublished studies that measured Romanian children in schools between 2006 and 2015. Children's BMI was classified using the current WHO, IOTF, and CDC references. Results: 25,060 children from 8 Romanian counties were included in the analysis. The prevalence of underweight children was 5%/4.5%/8.5% (WHO/IOTF/CDC), while the prevalence of overweight (including obese) children was 28.3%/23%/23.2% (WHO/IOTF/ CDC). The prevalence of overweight children did not change significantly over the last decade (chi-square test p = 0.6). Male gender ( odds ratio (OR) 1.37; 95% CI 1.29-1.45, compared to female); prepubertal age (OR = 3.86; 95% CI 3.41-4.36,compared to postpubertal age), and urban environment (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.01-1.26, compared to rural environment) had higher risk for overweight. Conclusion: While the prevalence of underweight children was low, almost one in four children in Romania was overweight or obese (according to WHO criteria) between 2006 and 2015. This prevalence remained relatively stable over the last decade. Male gender, prepubertal age, and urban environment, were the most relevant risk factors associated with overweight status in Romanian children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The research “The sexuality of Romanian active population” is the largest researches accomplished in Romania in this field in the last 10 years. Through the research objectives were informing and communication of the sexual active people. Design and Method: The research has been accomplished on a sample of 1240 men and women The research is based on a quantitative methodology Three groups: youth (15-25), adults (26-45), older (46-55) Results: The women are more looking for useful information and entertainment. That''s why women are more oriented to monthly press. About 30% from the sample do not have access to internet. 24% from the men and 17% from the women have daily access. The main communication partners in sexual topics are the sexual partner and the friends. Also that 13% from the men and 21% from the women do not discuss with anyone on sexual topics. The institutions that got the lowest average mark were the church and the school. Playboy is the most read magazine that contains sexual topics by the men and Cosmopolitan by the women. nIn order to discuss about sexual life men appeal most frequently to the family doctors and women appeal to the gynecologist. Conclusion: This study reveals us the most important channels used by sexual active population to obtain information on sexual topics. It helps us to find better methods for sexual education. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) experience bone mineral density (BMD) loss and trabecular bone score (TBS) alteration, which current guidelines recommend assessing. Considering TBS alongside BMD for a 10-year fracture risk assessment (FRAX) may improve PHPT management. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study composed of 49 Caucasian females (62 ± 10.6 years, 27.7 ± 0.87 kg/m2) with PHPT and 132 matched control subjects (61.3 ± 10.5 years, 27.5 ± 0.49 kg/m2) evaluated in 3 years. We assessed lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD, T and Z scores (GE Healthcare Lunar Osteodensitometer) and TBS (iNsight 1.8), major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), and hip FRAX. Results: Patients with PHPT had statistically lower mean values for lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD) (0.95 ± 0.25 vs 1.01 ± 0.14 g/cm2, P =.01), LS T-scores (−2 ± 0.2 vs −1.4 ± 0.1 SD, P =.009), LS Z scores (−0.9 ± 0.19 vs −0.1 ± 0.11 SD, P =.009), femoral neck bone mineral density (FN BMD) (0.79 ± 0.02 vs 0.83 ± 0.01 g/cm2, P =.02), FN T-scores (−1.8 ± 0.13 vs −1.5 ± 0.07 SD, P =.017), FN Z scores (−0.51 ± 0.87 vs −0.1 ± 0.82 SD, P =.006), and TBS (0.95 ± 0.25 vs 1.01 ± 0.14 g/cm2, P =.01) compared with control subjects. 22.4% of patients with PHPT had degraded microarchitecture (TBS < 1.2) vs. 7.6% in control group (χ2 = 0.008). PHPT proved to be a covariate with unique contribution (P =.031) alongside LS BMD (P =.040) in a linear regression model [ R 2 = 0.532, F(4,16) = 4.543] for TBS < 1.2. TBS adjustment elevated MOF FRAX both for PHPT (4.35 ± 0.6% vs 5.25% ± 0.73%, P <.001) and control groups (4.5 ± 0.24% vs 4.7% ± 0.26%, P <.001) compared with BMD-bases FRAX, but also increased differently between the 2 study groups (1.1-folds for PHPT patients and 1.04 for control subjects, P =.034). Conclusion: Compared with control, TBS-adjusted FRAX provides significantly higher MOF risk than BMD-based FRAX in PHPT women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]