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Two sequences of about 10.5 m originating from a peat bog in Romania were analysed for pollen (202 and 127 pollen spectra). The vegetation history, supported by 24 14C dates is described since the Late Glacial. At the onset of the Holocene Ulmus first appears, together with Betula. Among the main components of the Quercetum mixtum ( Quercus, Fraxinus, Tilia, Corylus) that became established almost simultaneously by around 9000 B.P., Quercus frequencies rarely exceed 10%. The local establishment of Carpinus is about 6000 b.p. Its maximum occurred between 4500 and 3000 b.p. Fagus pollen is regularly recorded since 8000 b.p. Its absolute dominance tooks place at about 3000 b.p. Picea pollen is present since the Late Glacial. The first indications of human activities appear at around 6500 b.p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]