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The article discusses the creation of a professional civil service in post-transition Romania. It illustrates how a post-communist country can rebuild its civil service and start instituting new standards for upward professional advancement. It offers evidence that there has been some progress in the professionalisation of the Romanian civil service. It also investigates the underlying historical backdrop and the outcome of institutional changes implemented during the first two decades of transition from communist party rule. According to the article, administrative reforms in Romania are incomplete up to the period preceding accession to the European Union (EU) since communist-era organisational legacies remain potent obstacles.