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The monitoring of new grapevine varieties with superior agrobiological and technological characteristics, in relation to the evolution of the climatic factors, represents an important and continuous objective of the worldwide viticultural research and breeding programs. Observations and determinations of the current study were performed on 11 new table grapes varieties created in Romania, growing in the Ampelographic collection of the University of Life Sciences Iasi, north-eastern area of Romania. The grapevine varieties were evaluated under the morpho-structural aspect, regarding the leaf area, the average weight of the grapes, the number and weight of the berries, rachis weight, the number and weight of the seeds, the weight of the skin and pulp, calculating the main technological indices. From a biochemical point of view, the content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves, the concentration of soluble dry solids and titratable acidity of the grapes were determined in the climatic condition of the Copou - Iasi vineyard. Therefore, the monitoring of genetic resources provides useful data for grape producers and researchers regarding the integration of new table grape varieties into the viticultural ecosystems, evaluating their yield and quality in correlation with the evolution and influence of the climatic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of phytosanitary treatments on the soil yeast load in Vineyard Iași. The experiment study included 4 local grape varieties: Busuioacă de Bohotin, Fetească Albă, Fetească Neagră and Fetească Neagră (from Collection of grape varieties) from viticultural center Copou. The samples were taken at 3 depths: 5-7 cm, 10-15 cm, 15-20 cm. To determine the influence of phytosanitary treatments on the diversity and distribution of yeasts, 2 soil samples were taken in the 5-7 cm shoot phenophase at 10-day intervals. The yeast strains isolation and obtaining of the pure cultures was completed by successive replications using sowing on solid nutrient media technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to isolating and selection soil yeast strains from the indigenous flora of Iasi vineyard. In the research activity, were chosen four grape varieties Fetească Neagră, Fetească Albă, Busuioacă de Bohotin and Fetească Neagră from the ampelographic collection of "Vasile Adamachi" Farm, from viticultural center Copou. The experimental protocol provided for the sampling of soil samples in two different phenophases of plant development: the end of flowering and ripeness stage. The soil samples were taken at 3 depths: 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm, 15-20 cm. Isolation of yeast strains and obtaining pure cultures was accomplished by successive replicates using the GPCA solid medium seeding technique. Thus, 18 yeast strains were selected from the soil and analyzed morphologically regarding the shape, profile, color and surface of the colony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the differences between wines obtained from grapes cultivated conventionally and those cultivated biodynamically. The wine samples studied were obtained from Rhein Riesling, Italian Riesling, Muscat Ottonel and Chardonnay grape varieties. Among these, four variants (one from each grape variety) were obtained from grapes following conventional cultural technologies, while the rest were from the same grape varieties cultivated biodynamically. All grapes and wines were produced in the Murfatlar vineyard, in south-east Romania. Basic chemical and sensorial analyses were applied to evaluate the differences appearing between the conventional and organic wine samples. All sets of data, PCA analysed, underlined that there are no systematic differences between the two grape cultivation methods and the obtained products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer interest in innovative wines has increased in recent years in Romania, in correlation with the development of the wine sector. Nowadays, the winemaking technique proposed by Dom Perignon (blanc de noirs) with applicability to sparkling wines is increasingly used to obtain still wines. This research aimed to identify the most suitable technology for obtaining white wines from Fetească neagră and Busuioacă de Bohotin grapes. The resulting wines were analysed from physicalchemical and chromatic points of view, and their sensory properties and volatile compounds content were also registered. The obtained samples had characteristics usually found in wines obtained from white grape varieties. Although frequently used in the production of base wine for sparkling wines, this technique can give original results in obtaining still wines as well. The use of activated carbon has led to the production of wines with a higher commercial value (improved colour characteristics). Given that red wines are significantly less consumed compared to white ones, this technique allows the use of black grape varieties and the production of innovative white wines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The oils obtained from grape seeds are becoming a valuable way of exploiting winery waste and their properties are scrutinized for evaluating the potential usages. We examined the oils extracted with petroleum ether from grape seeds of four varieties of grapes (Cabernet Sauvignon, Feteasca Neagra, Merlot and Pinot Noir) from Romania looking at the influence of the fatty acid profile and of the antioxidants on their thermal behavior. RESULTS: The fatty acid profiles of the oils were evaluated by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, and the oil antioxidant capacity was determined by cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method. The main fatty acid component in all the oils is linoleic acid (over 70%), which, due to its known health benefits, make the oils of commercial interest. The thermal stability of grape seed oils appears to be mainly influenced by the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their composition, less polyunsaturated fatty acids making the oils more stable. The antioxidant compounds affect only the initial stage of the decomposition by limiting the formation of hydroperoxides in the allylic positions of the fatty acid chain. CONCLUSION: Compared to pure samples of glyceryl‐unsaturated fatty acids (glyceryl‐trioleate, glyceryl‐trilinoleate), the grape seed oils exhibit higher thermal stability, due to the presence of antioxidant compounds and to a synergistic action of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, smaller percentage of the polyunsaturated and higher percentage of the saturated fatty acids enhancing the stability. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) for the development of the organic wine market in Romania in the complex context of the new regulations for organic products and the consumer demands. Organic wine has recently been more clearly regulated, but for the consumers some aspects are still confusing, while for the producers several technical and financial challenges are difficult to overcome. In Romania, in the past 5 years, despite of the increased demand, the number of operators involved in organic production decreased, and so did surfaces covered with organic crops. In winemaking, the evolution is even slower than in the other organic product sectors, as the resulted wines are both difficult to produce and sell. To clarify the opportunities this field offers to Romanian winemakers a SWOT analysis was performed, taking into account the main aspects defining the organic wine, from the philosophy of vine growing, to technological demands for organic grape and organic wine production, considering the characteristics of the organic wine as a complex food product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the study on the dynamics of the surfaces and table grapes productions in Romania, depending on the favourability of the various wine-growing areas, as well as the main stages of the wine sector evolution over the last 3 decades. There are also stated issues related to the evolution of fresh grapes consumption, the evolution of imports and the structure of the assortment. Over the last three decades, Romania's total table grapes surface under production decreased by 73.47%, while the production decreased by 63.34% in the same period. It is noted that although Romania has valuable seeded and seedless table grape varieties, as a result of the last 4 decades in the field of table grape breeding, they have a share of only 4% of the total area cultivated with table grape varieties, which indicates insufficient and inefficient use of Romania's genetic resources. Compared to 2000, the volume of imports increased by + 125% in 2004, reaching in 2014 29,000 tons of imports (an increase by +625% compared to 2000 and by + 163.7% compared to 2010). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the result of a bibliographic study that focuses on the traditional and current assortment of the Romanian viticulture. The old varieties contributed obviously to the prestige of the viticulture in Romania, although nowadays few varieties from that assortment are still cultivated on large surfaces. Some of them can only be identified on small areas belonging to small owners, others are lost or preserved in ampelographic collections. Therefore, an effort is needed to reevaluate them by introducing these varities into selection and improvement programs because the current assortment tends to be dominated by foreign varieties. The oenotourism can help to value these old varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following research, supplemented with an extensive bibliography, is an invitation to discover the diversity of Romania's vinous heritage. It deals for a start, on a regionby- region basis, with the vineyards and wines in the Pericarpathian zone: the Moldavian Plateau, the Piedmont at the Carpathians' Curvature, the Getic Plateau, the Banat- Cri[ana Maramure[ Region. Each chapter includes history, geology, grape varieties, climate, winemaking and trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viticulture is one of the cultures occupying large proportions of the cultivated area on the Globe. It is practiced, in particular, to produce table grapes, juice and other derivatives, and especially (about 70% of the total) to obtain different categories of quality wine and wine-based beverages. Wine can be produced everywhere, as long as the grapes ripen, but not all conditions for ripening the grapes are favorable for the production of quality wines (Teodorescu et al., 1987). If the area where vine is grown is large, the one objective is to evaluate the ecoclimatic and ecopedological conditions of three culture areas (Baia Mare (BM), ªimleul Silvaniei (SS) and Turulung Vii (TUR)) in north-western Romania and their in..luence on the quality of the varieties: 'Feteascã albã', 'Feteascã regalã', 'Riesling italian'. The genetic soil types from these locations are: aluvosoil in Baia Mare, luvosoil in ªimleul Silvaniei and preluvosoil in Turulung Vii. 2013 was a year with higher average temperatures than the annual average in Baia Mare and Turulung Vii, but lower in ªimleul Silvaniei, but the precipitations were lower in the same areas, compared to the multiannual average. The higher amount of sugar was accumulated in 'Feteascã albã' in ªimleul Silvaniei and the lowest in 'Feteascã regalã' in Baia Mare, the acidity falling between a normal interval for wine varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental factors in a vineyard ecosystem form a complex of factors which are interdependent and can restrict, hinder or stimulate the growth and development of the vine. The singular or cumulative effects of climatic risks and identification of most vulnerable areas are basic criteria in elaborating and founding a decisional system for long term agro-climatic management. In the last years, the changes of the environmental factors have become more and more visible. The repercussions are registered in the vineyard system as well; the grape varieties alter their annual life cycle. In the northern area of Romania, an increase of the thermal regime and a decrease of rains led to a thermic and hydric stress of plants. The climatic changes of the last years, more or less at random, can seriously harm the homogeneity of viticultural biocenotic conditions, with unpredictable implications on the quantity and quality of the grape harvest. This study aims to contribute scientific and practical on how the climatic factors in the years 2012/2013, as atypical, influenced vegetative growth and further development of grapevines varieties 'Gelu' and 'Paula' compared with 'Aromat de Iaşi'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotnari vineyard is the northernmost wine-growing vineyard of our country, located close enough to the northern limit of the expanding region of the grape vine. Within this study, we analyse one of the climatic factors that, in our view, contributes to the climatic favorability of this region for the vine plantations: the foehn. More precisely, the hydraulic foehn, which is not mentioned in the Romanian climatology literature, although the mechanism associated with the development of this type of foehn wind, is described for more than 40 years in the international climatological literature. We bring arguments for the manifestation of the hydraulic foehn during winter 2013-2014 in the related region of Cotnary vineyard on the basis of measurements accomplished at Paşcani climatologic station and at other 11 points of hourly monitoring temperature of Dealu Mare-Hârlău region. Additionally, radio-sounding data, synoptic maps and other synoptic data of some of the meteorological indicators of foehn development are used. Local generating mechanism, periods of occurrence, synoptic conditions associated to its generation, the intensity of temperature difference recorded within the region and the possible effect of its development in the increase of the region's favourability for the vine-growing, are analysed in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Based on our former experiences 7 Pinot gris, 4 Pinot noir clones and Pinot blanc were analysed in 16 (VVS2, VMC5E9, VMC3D12, VVIM10, VMC5G8, VMCNG1E1, VMC1F10, VMC2H4, VMC8A7, VMC7G3, VVMD28, VrZag21, VrZag79, VMC1C10, VrZag25, Scu06vv) microsatellite loci. A dendogramm was constructed using the shared allele method for the estimates of genetic similarity between pairs, and the neighbour joining method for clustering. Based on our results, it can be established, that the Pinot clones all showed high similarity. The Pinot gris clones bred in Badacsony, Hungary (B. 10, B. 10/5, B. 10/10) formed a group and showed the highest similarity with Pinot gris 34 from Romania. The other Pinot gris clones formed another group with Pinot noir C-162. These clones all originated from Western Europe (Germany, France). These genetic differences could be traced back to the different geographical origin of the different clones. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Buziaş-Silagiu area, situated in Timiş county, has a long tradition for the cultivation of vines in the western part of Romania. It is an area characterized by a very favorable climate and soil conditions, offering the possibility of successful cultivation of many varieties, from the earliest to more autumnal. In this area there were identified numerous local varieties and biotypes, characterized by valuable agrobiological and technological features for growers and consumers, but also for breeders: high production, high quality, drought resistance, frost resistance, tolerance to some diseases and pests. Some of this varieties and biotypes show ampelografical and technological caracteristics being used both for fresh consumption and for producing wine with lower alcoholic strength. The research has been conducted in the private plantations from Buziaş-Silagiu area and concerned 6 local varieties and biotypes with mixed features: Alb aromat de Silagiu, Coada oii, Gras aripat de Silagiu, Mărcoveaţă, Roz aromat, Roz bătut. We focused on qualitative and quantitative caracteristics, wood maturation and buds viability in comparison with mixed caracteristics variety Chasselas. The witness selected is a very valuable variety, known worldwide and which is found in the vine varieties of reference area. The methods of research were the usual ones: determinations, measurements, visual examinations. The best results concerning grapes' quality were obtained by Alb aromat de Silagiu variety wich accumulated 184.67 gl sugar and an alcoholic potential of 10.86 degrees alcohol volume. Gras aripat de Silagiu and Coada oii stood out for productivity. Regarding the viability of buds, Alb aromat de Silagiu exceeded the witness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to determine the behavior of some wine grape varieties regarding the variations of: fertility, yield and water consumption of vine in two different areas of Transylvania (Blaj wine-growing center and Cluj Napoca). Wine grape varieties taken for study are 'Fetească regală', 'Riesling italian' and 'Muscat Ottonel'. Vines water consumption has been established, using water balance method in soil. Generally in Cluj-Napoca, where climatic conditions for cultivation of vines are less favorable than in the wine-growing center Blaj, have being obtained lower values to all parameters at all varieties, less the water consumption which is higher in Cluj Napoca, due to abundant rainfall. Correlation between real evapotranspiration (RET) and grape production is linear, distinctly significant, indicating a strong dependence of grape production with water consumption of vine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate identification of grapevine cultivars is important for Romanian winemakers and the extrapolation of the grapevine identification methods into musts is particularly relevant in controlling the quality and authenticity of aromatic and high quality red wines. In this study, molecular SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) analysis of Vitis vinifera L. cultivars ("Busuioaca de Bohotin", "Tămâioasă Româneasca", "Negru Aromat", "Fetească Neagră", "Negru de Drăgăşani", "Amurg" and "Novac") was applied in order to detect and correctly identify the grapevine cultivars present in monovarietal musts. DNA provided from each analyzed cultivar was successful extracted from leaves and must at the beginning of the fermentation (day 1) using CTAB method and amplicons generated from eight SSR primers (VVS2, VVS5, VVS29, MD5, MD7, ZAG 47, ZAG 62, ZAG 79) were analyzed. Results shows that, at molecular level, there were no differences between the corresponding leaf and varietal must profiles and SSR markers can be successful used for characterisation and differentiation of analyzed grapevine cultivars identified in musts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five wine grape varieties (Aromat de Iaşi, Pink Traminer, Italian Riesling, Fetească regală, Muscat Ottonel ) were tested in 2007-2008, in Gherla, Cluj county, Romania, under two types of cultural practices: organic and conventional. In the conventional system were used chemical fungicides and for the organic treatments were applied ecological products. In this study the following parameters were analyzed for the five wine grape varieties: average weight of grapes (g), the total acidity of must (g H2SO4 /l must) and sugar content of grape (g sugar/l must). The experiment was a bifactorial series (cultivar x type of cultivation) with five grape wine varieties grown in two different systems, organic and conventional. The Fetească regală variety has registered higher values for average weight of grapes and for the total acidity in both culture systems, but Pink Traminer for the sugar content was the first. The results recorded by the two varieties, suggests that there is a high adaptability to the organic culture system, for those two cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researches were made in several localities from Arad county, which has a special tradition as concerns wine cultivation. Researches were focured on local varieties and byotipes gathred in private vineyards or in locals yards and gardens. Official trips were made in order to identity varieties and byotipes, we took samples and observations and determinations were made as concerns ampelographic characteristics, biological features and technological characterics. By grapes duality, local byotipes were to separed in 3 groups: varieties mented to fresh consumption, varieties with mixed features for table and wine, and varieties with specific features for wine. Results were analysed in comparison with Chassselas dore, Feteasca regala and Cabernet Sanvignon varieties, took as control varieties. After results analyse were kept as being interesting for our research 20 varieties and local biotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grape pomace from a red grape variety (Vitis vinifera Moldova) cultivated in the northeastern region of Romania has been studied as a source for the extraction of total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) and total phenolic content (TPC) using ultrasonic treatment. The method of extraction described here uses two different solvents, namely 2-propanol and methanol. For each of the extraction solvents, we evaluated the singular influence and the impact of interactions between process parameters (solvent concentration, ultrasonic frequency, temperature, and extraction time) on the extraction yields of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds. Response surface methodology was implemented via a Box–Behnken design to optimize the extraction of TMA and TPC from grape pomace. According to the optimization, in order to achieve the highest yield of TPC (62.487 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g (d = 1.0)), the following conditions are necessary: solvent—2 propanol, solvent concentration 50%, temperature −50 °C and extraction time 29.6 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical composition of the grapes is expressed by numerical ratio between the structural elements of the cluster (uvologic units): clusters, skins, pulp and seeds. The research in this paper aims the mechanical structure and uvologic values of three grape varieties for superior white wines: 'Fetească albă', 'Fetească regală' and 'Riesling italian', cultivated in NW Romania in 2013. The highest weight of a grape was recorded in the 'Fetească albă' variety cultivated in Şimleul Silvaniei (135 g) and the lowest was recorded in Fetească regală, in Baia Mare (91 g). The lowest index structure was recorded in 'Fetească albă' in Turulung Vii (21.54) and the higher was registered in 'Fetească regală' (36.69) in Şimleul Silvaniei area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiences were performed in the Tautii Magheraus locality, located at 3 km from Baia Mare. Five variety of grapevine were studied: Cramposie, Feteasca regala, Muscat Ottonel, Perla de Zala and Italian Riesling. The resistance of the cultivated grapevine varieties against the attack of the main phytopathogenic fungi: Plasmopara viticola, Uncinula necator, Botryotinia fuckeliana, in terms of the 2011 year, was studied. In order to assess the resistance of the grapevine varieties against the phytopathogenic agents attack, the frequency, intensity and degree of attack were determined. The most sensitive to the attack of downy mildew on leaves was the Italian Riessling, with a degree of attack of 71.5%; and the most resistant variety was Perla de Zala, with a degree of attack of 26%. The most resistant to the attack of grape powdery mildew on leaves was the Muscat Ottonel variety, with a degree of attack of 8.1 %; and the most sensitive was the Italian Riesling variety with 18.1%. In case of the attack of downy mildew on grapes, the most sensitive was the Italian Riesling variety with a degree of attack of 11.5%; and the most resistant was Perla de Zala with 2.5%. During the vegetation of the 2011 year, the chemical protection was performed with fungicides that were administered by seven sprayings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study that determines the indigenous grape varieties cultivated in three different areas in the western part of Romania. It reveals that these varieties were analyzed and compared with the varieties Italian Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon from the point of view of vine vigor and the quantity and quality of grapes. In addition, harvests were superior compared with the control at varieties for white wines Feteasca alba and Feteasca regala in all three areas studied.