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After a brief description of the evolution of educational institutions in the first half of the nineteenth century Papal Rome, the Author explores the role played -on this side- of the new female religious institutions arose after the French Revolution. The article, on the basis on a rich archival and printed documentation, analyzes the innovative work of the teaching and religious Congregation of the Sacred Heart, founded in Paris in 1800 by Madeleine-Sophie Barat, whose "colleges for young ladies" of bourgeois and aristocracy offered to the young women of upper classes of papal capital a cultural and religious education, that was much more rich and elaborate than that provided by female traditional boarding schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]