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The study considers the phenomenology of the professional crisis of the teacher personality in the context of the transition to online learning. Based on the analysis of the results of the theoretical and empirical research involving 170 teachers, it was established that the features of the professional crisis of the teacher personality are the transformation of the value-semantic sphere of the personality and the actualization of reflexive and anticipation processes. The results of the empirical research allowed for the first time to reveal the features of the professional crisis of the teacher in the context of the transition. The experimental group had the life efficiency indicator on the level 47.92 out of 100 points, while the control group -- 69.59 points, which is not a much higher indicator. The results can become an empirical basis for the development of programs of psychological and pedagogical support for teachers experiencing professional crisis situations when implementing online learning programs.

The Moodle learning management system (LMS) is currently successfully integrated into the educational activities of higher education. This article discusses the peculiarities of Moodle LMS and elements of training courses in it. The research aims at highlighting the assessments of opportunities and disadvantages of the Moodle LMS from the positions of undergraduate students and teachers in the quarantine conditions and before them. The research was conducted at the Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University in 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 academic years at the Faculty of Management, Social and Technical Services. The research involved teachers and first to fourth year full-time undergraduate students. The analysis of both positive and negative feedback from undergraduate students and teachers about working in a normal learning model and in self-isolation has been presented. Interactive elements of the learning environment have been considered and the research results of students' attitudes to its various elements have been described. The methods and potential use of Moodle by means of different electronic devices have been explored, and the usage frequency of these devices during quarantine has been analyzed. The analysis of negative feedback about the students' and teachers' work in the system during the pandemic has been given. Control methods in the Moodle environment, testing, and authors' control methods have been studied. In the survey, the respondents evaluated the basic functions of the Moodle LMS, popular in teaching, gave a description of the advantages and disadvantages of this system and evaluated potential areas of system development in educational practice of the University. The conclusions have been made about the need to implement blended learning using the Moodle LMS, which combines various types of distance and classroom work for students.

The article describes a new version of a demonstration experiment for the Maxwell distribution. In the first part students analyse the applicability of the Gaussian distribution to the projection of the particle velocities in the suggested experiment. Further, students observe two-dimensional distribution of particles by the modulus of velocity in a mechanical demonstration model and compare the results with theoretical provisions. Demonstration of the two-dimensional version of the Maxwell distribution for particle interaction allows students to independently derive formulas for the three-dimensional Maxwell distribution for particles in an ideal gas. The use of the suggested demonstration ensures active engagement in fundamentally important physical content.

Coaching method is used in sports, business, psychology, and economics as a method to increase performance. The great potential of coaching also expands its application in education, namely in teaching History of Visual Arts. The author identifies the basic stages of coaching: goal setting; reality check; courses of action and will to act. The last stage involves the following activities: developing a class road map, developing a presentation on artists, preparing an artist's portfolio, and completing the student portfolio, a game, and preparing a report, work with official sources like museum websites, studying art reproductions, and analytical work. Efficiency of the coaching method is demonstrated by the results of the experiment conducted at the premises of the Engineering and Technology Faculty of Elabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University. Performance was evaluated by the following criteria: 1) the average number of times an artist is mentioned by one student; 2) the highest and lowest number of artists mentioned by one student; 3) the number of artists mentioned by students at least once; 4) the number of times periods of history of visual arts are mentioned. The results were confirmed at the art-graphic faculty of M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University. The results show a rather significant breakaway of the experimental group by every measure, which proves efficiency of applying the coaching method in teaching history of visual arts. As the study revealed, the coaching method has a rather significant potential as a teaching method, namely, for history of visual arts.

The importance of the studied issue is conditioned by the fact that high dynamic of processes in the labour market requires constant work of an individual on self-determination and search for significance of his/her professional activity. The purpose of research is theoretical development and empirical verification of the types of strategies of meaning-making based on perceptions of future in terms of professional self-determination of the personality at the stage of vocational training. Basic research methods: modelling, psychosemantic approach, allowing to perform research process with the possibility of more in-depth analysis of the results. Research results: the model of the semantical future in the consciousness of the personality, which includes affective, cognitive, activity and intentional components is developed and empirically verified; the types of strategies of meaning-making based on perceptions of future in terms of professional self-determination of the personality at the stage of vocational training is identified. The typology includes the following 3 types of the meaning-making strategies: strategy of integration of the meaning of education and profession in the model of own future, strategy of disintegration and strategy of uncertainty and delay of the semantical choice. Significance of results: analysis of the semantical grounds for future professional activity will help optimize the training of a competent, competitive and adaptive specialist ready to continuous self-development, and to intensify the process of professional self-determination and building life and professional prospects of the personality at the stage of vocational training, as exactly at this stage the professional competence and identity is built up.

Topicality of the problem under research is stipulated by the necessity of personal characteristics consideration in the process of organization of educational and vocational activities of the future teachers in the conditions of educational medium, which sets high requirements to the students' time competence. The aim of the article is to study the influence of time management peculiarities on the components of students' professional identity. The primary research method applied was psychodiagnostic testing with further statistical data processing, enabling quantitative assessment of formedness of time competence and professional identity in students of a pedagogical university, as well as establishing the interaction character of the phenomena of interest. Research results: in the article peculiarities of students' time management within different stages of professional identity are presented, and the interconnection between time competence and professional identity components is considered. Based on empirical data, there can be drawn a conclusion that time competence development will facilitate formation of professional identity for the future professionals. Received results can find practical implementation in development of programs for psychological follow-up of professional formation of student's identity in the system of university education.

Mining business makes no sense without mineral assets comprising mineral rights, exploration and evaluation expenditures, development costs, ore reserves and resources. The paper is aimed at investigation of how mineral reserves and resources are evaluated and represented in financial statements of mining companies, and what kind of influence do these mineral assets exert on the market value of a company. We concluded that application of so called accounting and managerial approaches to estimation of mineral resources base gave completely different results. Despite this, ore reserves and resources are not recognized in the financial reports. This leads to occurrence of difference between market and book value of a company, which should be taken into account in business combinations. Using correlation analysis we deter-mined the dependence of capitalization and mineral resources base indicators and factors exerting influence on it. The evaluation of mineral assets as a very important part of business combination deal should be prepared on a basis of income and cost approach. The advantage of such a combination is the ability to take into account as many financial, organizational, managerial and technological factors as possible.

The realization of the project of regional educational systems' modernization was started in 2011. The main goal of the project is to achieve systemic positive changes in the school education, improving of learning conditions, increasing of openness, availability, efficiency of General education, introduction of modern educational technologies. In this regard, the study of organizational problems of school nutrition as an important condition to improve the quality of educational services in the schools is particularly important. The purpose of the study: the study and analysis of scientific and theoretical literature on the problem of the quality of school meals' organization in the system of General education. Methods of the study: analysis and interpretation of scientists' studies--researchers in different fields of science on the basis of theoretical methods. The study results: the social importance of school meals in the modern system of General education is revealed, the basic problems of organization of school nutrition and the conditions that influence the improvement of its quality, availability and security are defined. Practical significance: the results of the study will be useful for specialists interested in the issues of modernization of General education in Russia, organization of school meals, leaders of educational organizations.

The goal of this work is the study of psychological-pedagogical approaches to the understanding of the idea of professional competence of social work specialists as well as the role of study in the system of additional educations in professional-personal development of the listeners. In the process of study of this problem we define main professional competences of a social work specialist, in particular, special, communicative, analytical, reflexive, motivation-personal, social, individual. The specific nature of the educational space with the effective approaches, technologies and forms of education of the adults in the system of additional education and its influence on the development of the specialists' professional competence are represented in this article.

Purpose: The system of higher education is ineffective -- it has to change the concept of educational process, which is peculiar for increase of the volume of education of labor resources. According to this, there is a necessity to pass to the system of higher education with elements of smart technologies. The purpose of this paper is to determine the role of smart technologies as an innovational and intellectual tool in development of the system of higher education and formation of actual skills with students. Design/methodology/approach: The aspects of classical education in universities with elements of remote forms of implementation of smart technologies on IT platforms are studied; peculiarities of smart technology as intellectual tools of higher education are analyzed; perspectives of usage of smart technologies as innovational tools for development of higher education are determined. The research methods include analysis, synthesis, abstraction, comparison and logical method. Findings: Information technologies become an inseparable part of life of society and human. A new network generation of people that cannot imagine life without new technological devices is growing. However, despite this, modern education does not sufficiently influence the development of human capital in the conditions of digital environment. Originality/value: Scientific novelty consists in conducting the research in the sphere of significance and perspectives of implementing smart technologies into the systems of higher education of the Russian Federation. This paper could be interesting for public officers who form the program of development of higher education and academic staff of higher educational establishments.

Background: The positive changes in hygienic living conditions are commonly believed to explain secular changes in body height and the age of maturity. However, it is difficult to estimate the separate impacts of these factors due to the lack of social and economic data and variations in the sources of information. We hypothesized that final male body height could be associated with various socioeconomic indicators, such as the development of the medical care system, the quality of nutrition, and the level of sanitary and hygienic conditions. Moreover, we hypothesized that male body height could be associated with the level of morbidity in the region during the time of conscript childhood (from 1 to 7 years old). Materials and methods: We used two main sources of information in the analyses. The first is the data from the Statistical Reference Book published by the Central Statistical Committee in 1929. The second is the annual data from the Statistical Reference Book published in the Russian Empire. Since the conscripts were born between 1906 and 1909, we used datasets from 1910 to 1913. To analyze the data, we used a method of analyzing interacting variables called St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA). Results: Our analyses revealed direct associations between the morbidity of some diseases and male body height and other anthropometric parameters. Conclusions: There are associations between conscript final body height and the morbidity of influenza, dysentery and some venereal diseases, such as chancroid and syphilis. There were no associations between conscript final body height and the level of morbidity during childhood. However, other final parameters, such as BMI, weight, and chest circumference, could be associated with the morbidity of malaria, scabies, scurvy, and scarlet fever during childhood. The prevalence of these diseases could be strongly connected with unfavorable living conditions. The results are similar for both urban and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volcanic lakes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region are difficult to access, and for this reason, they remain poorly studied, with only scattered and brief data available. The authors have conducted a study of 10 lake basins using modern digital echolocation survey techniques and have also compiled and summarized published data for 15 lakes in the region, calculating their main morphometric characteristics. It has been established that many caldera lake basins are modified by young explosive funnels, extrusive or effusive domes, and exhibit traces of hydrothermal activity. While lakes of the same genetic type in the Kuril-Kamchatka region are similar in depth and depression forms, the group of caldera lakes shows less homogeneity across all morphometric indicators. It was found that the absolute heights of the reservoirs on Kamchatka Peninsula are generally greater than those on the Kuril Islands, as is often the case with the size of their basins. The volcanic lakes under study can rapidly change their volume and shape under the influence of endogenous processes. For the first time for this region, on the base of repeated observations, underwater extrusive dome rate growth and the approximate rates of 2 lake level changes were calculated. Repeated observations of lakes in the Ksudach calderas (Kamchatka) and on Simushir Island indicate approximate rates of level changes: a decrease ranging within 0.5–0.6 m per year (over a 27-year observation interval) and an increase reaching up to 0.26 m per year (over a 48-year interval). The growth rate of the underwater extrusive dome in Lake Shtyubel has averaged 1–1.6 m per year over the past 25 years. This analysis has facilitated the first generalization regarding the morphology and developmental features of crater and caldera lakes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region of Russia, representing an important step in their study. The results obtained will provide a solid foundation for subsequent research in this region and may be of interest to researchers studying other volcanic lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential hazard arising from the actions taken by the Japanese government regarding the discharge of technical radioactive water from the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant storage facilities is studied. The contamination of the South Kuril Fishing Zone (SKFZ), which is one of the most promising fishing areas for the Russian Federation, with radioactive particles is considered. Based on the modeling of transport of passive markers simulating radioactive contamination, the pathways and mechanisms of pollution transfer to the SKFZ are analyzed. This research was conducted using altimetric data on the geostrophic speed for the period from August 24, 2022, to August 24, 2023. The transfer of pollution into the SKFZ is determined by a set of conditions related to the current regime of development of the First Kuroshio Meander and the local vortex system of various signs, both near the discharge site and at the SKFZ boundary. A seasonal dependence of the speed and quantity of infiltration of the polluted water toward the shores of the Russian Federation is established. The possibility of rapid advection of pollution into the SKFZ within 13 days is discovered. This speed is determined by the entrainment of contamination by the Kuroshio Meander and its further transport by the mesoscale vortex system to the SKFZ boundaries. The periodicity in the influx of pollution into the SKFZ is revealed. Graphs showing the distribution of the count of "dirty" markers with respect to the times of their release and the arrival of polluted water at the SKFZ boundary are constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of phenolic compounds (flavonols, flavans (catechins), tannins), polysaccharides (pectins, protopectins), and tetraterpenes (carotenoids), as well as the antioxidant activity of Cichorium intybus L., Taraxacum officinale Wigg., Arnica iljinii (Maguire) Iljin., and Echinops sphaerocephalus L. cultivated in conditions of Western Siberia were studied. A significant part of the biologically active substances is represented by tannins (up 28.25%) and protopectins (up 11.11%). The content of flavonoids in the studied samples of C. intybus plants agree with the values of this indicator for the chicory herb from other regions of the Russian Federation, including its commercial growing regions. The inflorescences and leaves of the studied samples of T. officinale are characterized by approximately identical contents of flavonols (1.02–1.43%), pectins (0.80–1.08%), and protopectins (7.94–8.87%). The leaves and inflorescences of A. iljinii are distinguished by fairly high contents of flavonols (up to 4.23%) and tannins (up to 28.25%). The leaves of E. sphaerocephalus are significantly superior to the inflorescences in terms of the content of tannins (8.34%), catechins (36.3 mg%), protopectins (10.06%), and carotenoids (64.60 mg%); flavonols are present in equal proportions in the leaves (0.68%) and inflorescences (0.64%). The indicators of the total content of phenolic antioxidants in the leaves and inflorescences of C. intybus, T. officinale, A. iljinii, and E. sphaerocephalus do not differ significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the summer of 2007, the Laboratory for the Social Problems of the Development of the Information Society, Institute for Socioeconomic Studies of the Population, Russian Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the Modern Academy of the Humanities, carried out a survey of the level of use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by college students. That survey proved to be an important stage in the process of investigating the information schism in Russian society: it made it possible to take advantage of a unique opportunity to find out how people who live in the different regions of the Russian Federation actually make use of ICT, directly from other citizens rather than from the mass media or from speeches given by politicians. Results of the survey showed that the digital divide among young Russians has almost disappeared, and differences according to gender, age, income, region of residence, and education are hardly noticeable. It would now be more useful to look for other kinds of gaps within the youth population regarding its ability to take full advantage of the Internet's potential. (Contains 4 figures and 1 note.)

The methodological possibilities of micromorphological soil research to analyze digital images of soil thin sections at a quantitative level are presented in this study. A new software Thixomet Pro has been tested for quantitative micromorphological study of soil thin sections from the surface horizons of a Haplic Chernozem. Soil samples for preparing thin sections were collected on the territory of a field experiment for assessing the impact of agricultural technologies in grain crop rotation on soil properties in Kursk oblast, Russia. In the field experiment, conventional tillage and no-till (direct seeding) technologies were compared. Soil sampling was carried out in two replicates from a depth of 10–15 cm. The analysis of thin sections revealed the variability of microstructure of Haplic Chernozem in the size, shape, and orientation of aggregates associated with used agricultural technologies in grain crop rotation. Soil aggregates under no-till are generally larger compared to the aggregates under conventional tillage. This is noted for all levels of aggregate diameters: minimum, medium, and maximum. In trials with direct seeding, agronomically valuable aggregates typical of the structure of virgin soils predominate. The aggregates formed in the no-till soil are less rounded and isometric than those in the soil under conventional tillage, and the proportion of subhorizontal aggregates is higher (54.3 and 34.1%, respectively), which favors water retention in the surface horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the data on the geological structure of the Lower Paleozoic complexes of the Omulevka and Rassokha terranes, which occur in the western part of the Kolyma–Omolon microcontinent. The Lower Paleozoic rocks of both terranes are mostly terrigenous and terrigenous-volcanic, respectively. The U–Pb dating of detrital zircons allowed the determination of the provenances of clastic material and paleogeographical position of terranes for the Early Paleozoic. The age of detrital zircons indicates that the main sources of clastic material for the Ordovician–Silurian sedimentary rocks of the Omulevka Terrane were located at the northern and northeastern passive margin of the Siberian Craton. For the entire Early Paleozoic, the Rassokha Terrane occurred close to a northeastern margin of Laurentia and the northwestern margin of Baltica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present-day models of the hydrological regime of soils and river basins do not include a hypothesis regarding the effect of atmospheric pressure on hydrological processes (baric effect), which is assumed negligible. However, their manifestations are likely, considering the mechanical and hydrophysical properties of shallow peat-bog soils (plasticity and elasticity, high moisture-retention capacity, the ability to swell and shrink) and the important role of undecomposed plant remains. The effect of atmospheric pressure variations on level changes in a suprapermafrost aquifer was detected using field and laboratory experiments in shallow peat and peaty tundra soils in the Anadyr Lowlands, Northeast Russia. One can see this effect in the runoff regime of 1st–4th orders streams. The manifestations of this phenomenon can differ, and in particular, they can be directed oppositely. The changes in the level and storage of suprapermafrost gravitational water could be caused only by synchronous (in phase opposition) changes in capillary water fringe above the groundwater table. To explain the observed phenomena, a conceptual model is developed based on the analysis of the balance of forces and water balance in a system of elastic capillaries. Not being complete and perfect, the model reproduces qualitatively the main observed cases of the response to air pressure changes, proving the effect itself, and suggests the likely localization of its mechanisms. A shallow suprapermafrost groundwater table in contact with the peat bottom, as well as incomplete (below the full moisture capacity) water saturation of peat soil horizons, appear to be circumstances of the baric effect on tundra shallow subsurface aquifers. Favorable conditions for the baric effect in a soil profile include a high elasticity of peat-soil matrix, high and variable values of porosity and water yield of peat and moss cover, and, at the catchment scale, a high proportion of coverage by these types of soils. A full-scale study of a mechanism of baric effect on a suprapermafrost tundra aquifer requires numerous laboratory and field experiments, that must be much better equipped than presented in our study. It is also welcomed alternative hypotheses regarding the aquifer water level response to changes in air pressure if the observed macroscopic effects at any alternative occurrence could be quite similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is poorly described how often headache attributed to stroke continues for more than 3 months, i.e. fulfils the criteria for persistent headache attributed to ischemic stroke. Our aims were: 1) to determine the incidence of persistent headache attributed to past first-ever ischemic stroke (International headache society categories 6.1.1.2); 2) to describe their characteristics and acute treatment; 3) to analyse the prevalence of medication overuse headache in patients with persistent headache after stroke; 4) to evaluate factors associated with the development of persistent headache after stroke. Methods: The study population consisted of 550 patients (mean age 63.1, 54% males) with first-ever ischemic stroke, among them 529 patients were followed up at least three months after stroke. Standardized semi-structured interview forms were used to evaluate these headaches during professional face-to-face interviews at stroke onset and telephone interviews at 3 months. Results: At three months, 61 patients (30 women and 31 men, the mean age 60.0) of 529 (11.5%) follow-up patients had a headache after stroke: 34 had a new type of headache, 21 had a headache with altered characteristics and 6 patients had a headache without any changes. Therefore 55 (10.4%) patients had a persistent headache attributed to ischemic stroke. Their clinical features included: less severity of accompanying symptoms, slowly decreasing frequency and development of medication overuse headache in one-third of the patients. The following factors were associated with these headaches: lack of sleep (29.1%, p = 0.009; OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.2–4.3), infarct in cerebellum (18.2%, p = 0.003; OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.4–6.6), stroke of undetermined etiology (50.9%, p = 0.003; OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3–4.1), less than 8 points by NIHSS score (90.9%, p = 0.007; OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.4–8.6) and low prevalence of large-artery atherosclerosis (12.7%, p = 0.006; OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.2–0.80). Conclusion: Persistent headache attributed to ischemic stroke is not rare and frequently leads to medication overuse. The problem is often neglected because of other serious consequences of stroke but actually, it has a considerable impact on quality of life. It should be a focus of interest in the follow-up of stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the U–Th–Pb (SIMS) dating of zircons from magmatic bodies of trachytes and trachydolerites of the Upper Agyndzha complex located within the Rassokha island arc and Argatass oceanic terranes, we have reached a conclusion about the Valanginian age of its formation. In terms of the age and composition, the Valanginian volcanics of the Rassokha and Argatass terranes are close to those of the base of the Alazeya–Indigirka zone. The spatial position of Valanginian trachytes and trachydolerites does not allow us to consider them as suprasubduction formations of the Andean-type margin. This is due to the distance of these bodies from the main field of the Alazeya–Indigirka zone. It can be concluded that the formation of these bodies was associated with the extension within this zone. The tectonic position of the Valanginian magmatic bodies allows us to interpret them as complexes that amalgamated two geodynamically different terranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Srednaya Akhtuba outcrop provides a detailed record of the Late Pleistocene continental and marine deposits and paleosols from MIS5 to MIS1. The MIS5 chronozone is presented by a continuous pedosedimentary sequence with three well-developed paleosols. The paper is based on the study of depositional environment and pedostratigraphy, with OSL chronological framework and precise altitude references. Field data are supported by chemical analyses, micromorphology, and clay mineralogy. A detailed study of MIS5 paleosols was first conducted for the Lower Volga area. Pedosedimentary sequence at that time developed on the river terrace in a backswamp and/or wetland influenced by extremely slow-moving stream after long seasonal floods. Thin loess layers were deposited during the brief episodes of low flood activity, while fluvial heavy loams – at the time of more intensive flooding. Mollic Gleysols and Fluvic Chernozems have been formed in the arid or semi-arid climate with seasonal freezing under productive wet meadows. Changes in the depositional environment resulted in the formation of welded paleosols, marked by textural difference, cryogenic levels, and accretionary humus horizons. Despite the complicated depositional pattern and the influence of seasonal floods, the MIS5 pedosedimentary sequence may serve as a good stratigraphic marker for the onset of Late Pleistocene allowing correlation with loess-paleosol sequences of the whole Ponto-Caspian region and linking it with the global stratigraphic schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if Divaza, a drug with nootropic and antioxidant effects, was safe and effective for the correction of oxidative disturbances and to stabilize cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis. Study Design: The study design consisted of a 12-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective trial in parallel groups. Setting: The setting in which the study was conducted comprised 10 clinical centers across the Russian Federation. Interventions: Patients were randomized into 2 groups and instructed to take either 2 tablets of the study drug or a placebo 3 times per day in conjunction with basic therapy. Outcomes: The primary outcome was a change in the average endogenous antioxidant potential after the completion of the study. The blood indicators of the oxidative stress (OS) were analyzed at the baseline and then after 12 weeks of therapy using iron-induced chemiluminescence analysis. The Montreal cognitive assessment test was used as a secondary outcome measure to evaluate cognitive impairment at the end of the study. Results: 124 outpatients with a mean age of 60.7 ± 7.6 years were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive Divaza (n = 65) or a placebo (n = 59). An improvement of cognitive function was observed in all patients of the Divaza group at the end of the treatment; this was significantly better than the placebo group (100 [100] vs. 89.5 [89.1]%, respectively, p = 0.0272 [p = 0.0128]). The administration of Divaza restored the activity of the endogenous antioxidant system. The change in the average level of lipoprotein resistance to oxidation after 12 weeks of therapy, compared to the baseline, was significantly higher in the Divaza group (14.8 ± 14.7 [14.8 ± 14.7] seconds latent period vs. 6.4 ± 16.9 [6.9 ± 16.7] seconds in the placebo group (p = 0.007 [p = 0.0107]). Conclusions: Divaza is a safe and effective therapeutic option for attenuating OS and recovery of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the interplay of intercultural competence, intercultural experiences, and creativity among Russian students from Moscow (N = 272). We expected the students from culturally diverse groups, attending the courses on cultural issues, to be more creative. We based our expectation on the idea that cultural diversity and cultural learning are associated with a higher level of intercultural competence that might contribute to students' creativity. We measured the intercultural experiences by cultural diversity of study groups (a number of foreign students in the groups and the intensity of friendly contacts with them) and by cultural learning (a number of culture-related courses that students attended). We measured creativity by the "Many Instances Game" from the Runco Creativity Assessment Battery (rCAB). We measured intercultural competence by the adapted scale of Fantini and Tirmizi. We discovered positive associations of intercultural experiences in the university with students' creativity. Such components of intercultural competence as attitudes and skills (the adaptability of behavior), played an important role in the students' creativity. The attitudes were positive and the skills were negative, related to the creativity. We also revealed that these two components of intercultural competence mediated the relationship between the intercultural experiences and creativity of students. Based on the results, we discussed the factors of the educational environment which may enhance or prohibit creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Article Deals With The Issue Of Improving Marketing Communications In A Hotel From The International Hotel Chain. The Topic Of The Article In Modern Conditions Is Relevant And Important In The Development Of Effective Marketing Communications For Many Hotels That Have Opened In Russia Recently. It Is Particularly Relevant In Connection With The Fact That Opened Hotels Representatives Of International Hotel Chains Operating In Russia On A Franchise Basis. The Authors See The Purpose Of The Article In Formation Of Proposals To Improve The Current System Of Marketing Communications. The Authors Analyzed The Theoretical And Methodological Foundations Of The Formation Of Marketing Communications In The Organization; Analyzed The Existing System Of Marketing Communications In The Hotel "Ibis" In Nizhny Novgorod. The Analysis Devoted To The Research Of The Theoretical And Methodological Foundations Of The Formation Of Marketing Communications In The Organization Allowed Us To Conclude That Marketing Communications In The Organization Are A Concept According To Which The Organization Carefully Thinks And Coordinates The Work Of Its Many Communication Channels To Develop A Clear, Consistent And Convincing Presentation About The Organization And Its Goods (Products, Services). The Main Purpose Of Such Communications Is To Demonstrate To Contact Groups The Most Important Characteristics Of The Goods (Services). The Basis For The Formation Of An Effective Complex Of Marketing Communications In The Organization Is Segmentation, Which Allows Obtaining The Necessary Information Socio-Economic And Psychological Characteristics Of Target Audiences. The Authors Proposed The Necessary List Of Communication Activities, Which Does Not Violate The Requirements Of The Franchise To The Implementation Of Marketing Activities. Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil organic matter (SOM) includes many classes of labile compounds available for microbial decomposition or, conversely, stable compounds protected from biodegradation by biological, chemical, and physical stabilization. It is believed that the more thermal energy is spent on the destruction of soil organic matter, the more stable and more resistant for biodegradation it is. We compared the thermal and biological stabilities of organic matter in eleven soil types from deciduous forest, forest-steppe, steppe, and semidesert bioclimatic areas of the European Russia. According to the activation energy (Ea), the highest SOM thermal stability was typical of the ordinary chernozem and meadow vertic soil. The lowest SOM thermal stability was found for gray forest soil; other soil types were characterized by an intermediate resistance towards thermal oxidation. The thermally labile pool (<390–400°C) of organic matter in soils was on the average 41% (32–60%) of the total SOM, while the thermally stable pool (>390–400°C) was on the average 59% (40–68%). The SOM biological stability estimated by the ratio of potentially mineralizable organic matter to that resistant to mineralization (biological stability index) decreased in the following order: ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozem (Loamic, Pachic)) > meadow vertic soil (Pellic Vertisol (Gleyic, Humic)) > gray forest soil (Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozem (Loamic)) = meadow chestnut soil (Gleyic Kastanozem (Chromic)) > meadow solonetz (Endosalic Gleyic Solonetz (Loamic, Cutanic)) > alluvial meadow soil (Eutric Fluvisol (Humic, Oxyaquic)). The potentially mineralizable SOM pool in the studied soils was 6–27-fold lower as compared with the pool of thermally labile SOM, and the parameters that characterize SOM thermal stability did not correlate with the biological stability index. Thus, SOM thermal lability is not identical to its biodegradability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to obtain new water-soluble polyguanidines, assess their antimicrobial properties with respect to the test objects of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus and establish the hazard class regulated in the territory of the Russian Federation. Polymers obtained in high yields by the method of polycondensation in the melt of the corresponding monomers and characterized by the methods of IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Serial dilution–agar plate procedure was performed in order to estimate antibacterial effects. The biocidal properties of the samples were estimated by the percentage reduction of microorganisms (% reduction). To determine the acute toxicity, a toxicometric assessment and symptoms of intoxication upon oral administration of a single dose were carried out in laboratory animals. New water-soluble guanidine-containing polymers with a number average molecular weight of 660–1040 Da were obtained. Copolymers with a low degree of substitution (10–20%) exhibit high antimicrobial activity among N-phenyl-substituted samples. As a result of the substituent increase in the polymer chain, their activity in relation to the studied bacteria is linearly decreased to a level comparable to the test sample. In contrast to the N-octyl-substituted copolymers, gram-positive bacterium B. cereus is more susceptible to N-phenyl-substituted samples. Substances after intragastric injection belong to the fourth class of toxicity (LD50 > 300 ≤ 2000 mg/kg) according to the requirements of tabulation of toxicity classes regulated in the territory of the Russian Federation. The combination of low toxicity with a high level of antibacterial activity of new guanidine-containing polymers suggests the possibility of obtaining new effective disinfectants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this work, geochemical and microbiological studies were performed at kudurs in the southeastern part of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range and in the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve located in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It was found that the earth material eaten by wild animals in both sites is represented by clay-zeolite tuffs of dacite-rhyolite composition. In the earth material, Na is predominant in bioavailable macronutrients and Zn, light lanthanides, and Y in trace elements. Microbiological studies of geophagic earths revealed a wide range of heterotrophic and autotrophic aerobes and anaerobes involved in the conversion of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Iron- and manganese-oxidizing bacteria and silicate bacteria were identified as well. The isolated pure cultures of heterotrophic bacteria were represented mainly by Gram-positive spore-forming large rods of Bacillus sp. and Gram-negative heterotrophic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms Burkholderia sp. and Microvirgula aerodenitrificans, which oxidize iron and reduce sulfate. The ability of the bacteria M. aerodenitrificans to reduce sulfates is shown for the first time. According to the literature, the isolated microorganisms are able to actively extract rare earth elements from earth materials, transforming them from the bioinert state to a state accessible to herbivorous mammals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Weeds are plants that, although not specially cultivated, grow and often adapt to growing in arable lands. They form an ecological variant of flora, as a historically-formed set of species growing on cultivated soils. For the rational use of the chemical and biological crop protection products and to produce safe and high-quality food, up-to-date data on the floristic diversity of weeds and the patterns of its geographical change are required. The need for a weeds' database arises that allows many specialists to work together independently. However, the great value of any database lies not in its existence, but in the accumulation of data that can be used to analyse the factors affecting the species diversity of weeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have examined to what extent commonly held stereotypes reflect real intergroup differences in motivational goals. Taking a values perspective (Schwartz et al., 2012), the study examines value preferences among Jews and Russians in Russia, to assess the extent to which commonly held stereotypes reflect values of group members. Results showed that Jews reported substantially higher levels of universalism‐tolerance, benevolence (both caring and dependability), and tradition values, and lower levels of power (both dominance and resources), and universalism‐nature values, than Russians. Results indicated that the widespread Jewish stereotypes of power, achievement, and rootlessness/cosmopolitanism are ungrounded, while the stereotypes of liberalism and particularism are upheld by the reported differences in the value preferences between Jews and the majority population in Russia. The present study underscores the importance of value comparisons between ethnic minority and majority groups for understanding their motivational goals and thus fighting prejudices and discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U–Pb dating of zircons from granitoids located within the Rassokha terrane show a Silurian age of their formation. Younger dates from one of the samples are related to radiogenic lead loss during secondary alteration of the rocks. Based on REE distributions as well as well-defined positive anomalies of K and Pb and negative anomalies of Ba, Sr, Nb, Ta, and Ti, the granitoids are comparable to rocks from supra-subduction environments. Combined with intrusive ages from adjacent areas, Silurian granitoid magmatism of the Rassokha terrane supports the existence of a back-arc basin and a long island arc in Ordovician-Silurian time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide new insights into the origin of garnet megacrysts and evolution of kimberlite melts, we studied in detail the polymineralic and monomineralic inclusions and their host garnets from the Grib kimberlite (Arkhangelsk diamond province, Russia). Low-Cr and high-Cr garnet megacrysts and eclogitic garnets contain abundant polymineralic and rare monomineralic inclusions. Monomineralic inclusions presented by clinopyroxene, ilmenite, olivine replaced by serpentine, were found exclusively within the low-Cr megacrysts. The composition of clinopyroxene exhibits geochemical equilibrium with the host garnet, indicating its primary origin during the formation of the megacryst assemblage. The low-Cr garnet–clinopyroxene mineral assemblage formed as a result of high-temperature, melt-associated mantle metasomatism by failed kimberlite within the lithospheric mantle (T = 1150 °C and P = 5.5 GPa). Polymineralic inclusions are characterised by a silicate or silicate-sulphate matrix. The central part of the silicate inclusions is filled by serpentine and contains ilmenite, spinel, perovskite, calcite and apatite. At the contact with host garnets, phlogopite, spinel and amphibole occur as reaction minerals. Composition of spinel and other minerals within inclusions with silicate matrix suggests that kimberlite melt was trapped at mantle pressures. Inclusions with silicate matrix were found in all garnets. The matrix of silicate-sulphate inclusions consists of silicate cryptocrystalline phases and sulphate minerals (celestine–barite) and contains calcite grains. The inclusions are distributed in some low-Cr garnet megacrysts and eclogitic garnet. The silicate-sulphate inclusions were crystallised from the late-stage kimberlite melt. Diverse reaction textures are evidences of disequilibrium between the host crystals and polymineralic inclusions and indicate that garnet and the hosted inclusions reacted with the ascending kimberlite melt. The silicate-sulphate inclusions with a thin rim of epidote within eclogitic garnets indicate that a kimberlite melt invaded the garnet and induced partial melting. The studied inclusions allow us to propose three stages of the Grib kimberlite evolution: 1) generation of garnet megacrysts and primary inclusions due to melt metasomatism, 2) reaction of the high-Ti kimberlite melt with garnet megacrysts (including their dissolution) and 3) alteration of the inclusions in garnet after kimberlite ascent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide new insights into the origin and evolution of kimberlitic magmas with different diamond concentrations from the Arkhangelsk diamond province in north-western Russia, we examined the major- and trace-element compositions of ilmenite from diamondiferous kimberlite of the Grib pipe and diamond-barren kimberlites from the Kepino cluster (Stepnaya and TsNIGRI–Arkhangelskaya pipes). Ilmenite from diamond-barren kimberlites shows lower Mg, Ti, Cr, Ni and Cu concentrations with increase in both Fe3+ and Fe2+ and Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Zn and V concentrations. The main differences between kimberlites with different diamond contents are the Nb and Zr concentrations and their correlation patterns with Mg and Cr concentrations. Ilmenite from the Grib kimberlite has Zr concentrations <110 ppm, whereas ilmenite from the Kepino kimberlites has Zr concentrations >300 ppm. Ilmenite crystallisation within the Grib kimberlite occurred under increasing oxygen fugacity (fO2), which may reflect assimilation of mantle peridotite by the kimberlitic magmas. Ilmenite from the Kepino kimberlites suggests its crystallisation under constant fO2, with the ilmenite composition being controlled by processes of fractional crystallisation of megacrystic minerals. These assumptions were confirmed with assimilation–fractional crystallisation calculations. On the basis of obtained data, we developed a model for the evolution of the kimberlitic magmas for both diamondiferous and barren kimberlites. The diamond-bearing kimberlitic magmas were generated under intense interaction of kimberlitic magmas with the surrounding lithospheric mantle. It may be that during early modification of the lithospheric mantle by kimberlitic magmas as well as with kimberlitic magmas' local stretching and swift ascent, the capture of the mantle xenoliths was favoured over the crystallisation of phenocrysts. The formation of barren kimberlitic magmas may have occurred when the lithospheric mantle in the vicinity of ascending magmas was already geochemically equilibrated with them. It also is possible that the magma's ascent slowed under conditions of dominantly compressive stresses with crystallisation of olivine and other megacrystic phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major international events contribute to guiding IR scholarship's interests, yet it remains surprisingly unexplored how transformative political events affect international relations as an academic field. This article focuses on the linkage between key global moments and the institutional factors that condition IR scholarship, focusing on the important yet under-explored intervening elements in the interrelation between political events and academic practice. The article defines the utility of such focus and illustrates it with case studies of three central parties to the Cold War conflict: Russia as representative of the Eastern bloc, Canada of the Western alliance, and Switzerland as a neutral polity. This article shows how institutional factors such as funding schemes, the marketization of education, and the creation of new IR departments operate as effective "hinges" exerting significant influence over the ways scholars develop ideas about international relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant political and economic transformations took place on the territory of contemporary Russia in the first part of the 20th century. We hypothesized that they would have affected male growth curve negatively. To test this idea, the dataset was collected to present the graph, which illustrates the changes in male body height during the 20th century. We searched for bibliographic sources with information about body height of men and women born during the 20th century, with full description of measurement methodology, sample design and significant geographical distribution of the dataset covering more than 15 territories of the country - cities or regions. Such criteria were met only for men. We found only 8 sources that could be considered reliable in the research. The observed graph confirms positive changes in male body height on the territory of the European part of contemporary Russia: for those, who were born in 1900's it was 166.1 cm, in 1920s - 166.5 cm, in 1940s - 171 cm, in 1960s - 174.8 cm and in 1980s the indicator reached 176.1 cm. No significant negative changes in this indicator have been found during the studied period. The primary hypothesis that political and socio-economic transformations affect male growth curve negatively was confirmed only partly. We concluded that unfavorable political and socio-economic events (such as revolutions, World War I and World War II, purges and famines) influenced the pace of body height increase in men. While the main period of secular trend was fixed in the first decades of the 20th century in Germany, Netherlands and France, in this part of Russia it occurred later, in 1930-1960s. However, the total increase in male height was very similar for all mentioned territories (9-11 cm) during 1900-1980's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Owing to the changes in the general ecological situation in Russia, livestock losses from ovine anaplasmosis have rapidly increased in recent years. The development of a vaccine against this disease is therefore all the more relevant. A continuous culture of tick cells could be used as an appropriate substrate for producing biomass of the pathogen of ovine anaplasmosis, Anaplasma ovis, for the purpose of manufacturing a cell-cultural inactivated vaccine. Such a continuous cell line of the tick Dermacentor marginatus, the definitive reservoir host of A. ovis, has been obtained by cultivation of homogenized tick eggs on a modified Leibovitz medium L15. The established cell line DM-77 has an undifferentiated phenotype: the cells are rounded, with large nuclei and well-visible nucleoli. By the end of the study, the cell line was passaged eight times and did not express signs of growth rate decrease. The duplication time was 2.8 ± 0.3 days for cultivation in a medium with 10% fetal serum at 32°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Translocations involving the KMT2A gene (also known as MLL) are frequently diagnosed in pediatric acute leukemia cases with either lymphoblastic or myeloid origin. KMT2A is translocated to multiple partner genes, including MLLT10/AF10 localizing at chromosomal band 10p12. KMT2A‐MLLT10 is one of the common chimeric genes diagnosed in acute leukemia with KMT2A rearrangement (8%), especially in acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 18%). MLLT10 is localized in very close proximity to two other KMT2A partner genes at 10p11‐12—NEBL and ABI1, so they could not be distinguished by conventional cytogenetics. Methods: In this work, we present a cohort of 28 patients enrolled into Russian Pediatric AML registration study carrying rearrangements between chromosomal regions 11q23.3 and 10p11‐12. G‐banding, FISH, reverse transcription PCR, and long‐distance inverse PCR were used to characterize the KMT2A gene rearrangements in these patients. Results: We demonstrate that 25 patients harbor the KMT2A‐MLLT10 rearrangement, while three patients show the rare KMT2A rearrangements (2× KMT2A‐NEBL; 1× KMT2A‐ABI1). Conclusions: Therefore, the combination of cytogenetic and molecular genetic methods is of high importance in diagnosing cases with t(10;11)(p11‐12;q23.3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thus, in our study, aetiology of severe CAP was identified in 64.2% of patients and S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen in both mono- and mixed infections. With regards to monoinfections, the most common pathogens were S. pneumoniae, influenza A virus, rhinovirus,S.aureus and human metapneumovirus (identified in 19/45, 5/45, 4/45, 3/45 and 3/45 patients, respectively). Definite and presumptive aetiological diagnosis of CAP was made in 70 (64.2%) patients, of those one pathogen was revealed in 45 (64.3%) patients and two or more pathogens were revealed in 25 (35.7%) patients. As for co-infections, associations of bacterial pathogens, mainly S. pneumoniae with Enterobacterales, prevailed in 14 (56.0%) patients whereas a mixture of bacteria and viruses was identified in 10 (40.0%) patients and two viruses were identified in one patient. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: Rationale, aims, and objectives: The article is dedicated to the search of more accurate psychodiagnostic methods and methods of evaluation that can help to define the degree of manifestation of cognitive deficiency among patients suffering from various schizophrenic disorders. The notions of cognitive deficiency and cognitive profile are analysed; we understand them as the correlation between intact and damaged components of cognitive processes and their diagrammatic representation. The authors prove that it is essential to provide a detailed scale of cognitive deficiencies detectable in case of schizophrenic disorders and to design universal algorithms that could translate the results of traditional content analysis of cognitive disorders into quantitative indicators. The article is based on the authors' experiments. We examined 128 patients, among whom 76 were suffering from paranoid schizophrenia (F20 according to ICD) and 52 were suffering from schizotypal disorder (F21 according to ICD). Method: In evaluation of cognitive deficiency, we used both traditional methods devised in Russia and foreign tests that are seldom used by medical psychologists in their daily practice. We have analysed the difference in doing the cognitive tests between the groups of patients with different forms of schizophrenia and also suffering from it for different periods (up to 5 y and more than 5 y). Results: On the basis of the quantitative indicators, a cognitive profile of each particular illness was compiled. As a result, we have defined different varieties of cognitive deficiency depending on the symptoms and dynamics of the disease. Conclusion: The authors have provided a detailed description of the structure and dynamics of the cognitive deficiency in case of different forms of schizophrenia and compiled cognitive profiles based on those data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patterns in the organization of psammophyte vegetation of sandy steppes have been studied in Orenburg oblast. Using cluster analysis with different similarity indices, 122 relevés have been analyzed. The best cluster differentiation is achieved by the use of a Sokal/Sneath coefficient. Five types of plant communities have been distinguished and characterized. The role of anthropogenic transformation and geographical differences in a differentiation of psammophytic vegetation has been evaluated via canonical correspondence analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study tested a model in which the perceived incompatibility of ethnic Russian and regional North Caucasian identities mediates the relationship between perceived discrimination and acculturation strategies in two generations of ethnic Russian minority members living in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, North Caucasus, Russian Federation. Two identities might be perceived incompatible when they represent conflicting sets of norms and values and the two communities may place competing demands on individual commitment and loyalty. We sampled 105 dyads from ethnic Russian families (youth:M = 18 years, SD = 2.35, 48.6% female; parents:M = 43 years, SD = 6.97, 68.6% female). The questionnaire included measures of perceived discrimination, perceived identity incompatibility, and acculturation strategies. The results of multigroup path analysis showed that the perceived identity incompatibility mediated the relationship between perceived discrimination and two strategies, aimed at culture maintenance (integration and separation) in both generations. Identity incompatibility is regarded as a psychological mechanism that explains the impact of perceived discrimination on minority acculturation preferences in a multicultural region. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An assemblage of coatings in cryoaridic soils (Skeletic Cambisols Protocalcic) of southwestern Tyva is considered as a key block of soil memory, which is an intrasoil archive of landscape and climate changes in regional geosystems in the Holocene. The results of hierarchical macro-, meso-, and micromorphological studies of a large assemblage of coatings and the data on the X-ray microanalysis of coatings and composition of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, as well as on radiocarbon dating of coatings are presented. The synthesis of the results made it possible to reconstruct the main evolutionary phases of cryoaridic soils in the Holocene and landscape and climate changes that induced their alteration. The following climatogenic evolutionary phases of pedogenesis were distinguished: (1) formation of microsparite-micritic dense silica-containing coatings due to short-term fluctuations of the shallow alkaline bicarbonate groundwater level in the semiarid-arid climate; (2) formation of sparitic dense coatings under the slow accumulation of carbonates from low-mineralized bicarbonate water at the higher lake level as compared to the present one in the less arid conditions; (3) the eluvial-illuvial formation of micritic loose coatings under stable automorphic semiarid conditions; (4) formation of Fe-humus coatings in cool humid climate (Al-Fe-humus phase of pedogenesis); (5) the recommencement of the eluvial-illuvial formation of micritic loose coatings under aridization of the last thousand years of the Holocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to analyze the current status and trends of reforming pension system in Russia and compare them with indicators of OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) leading countries. The main methods used to achieve the objectives of the study are statistical and comparative analysis, in particular, of key indicators of the pension system in Russia and that of the EU countries, the USA, as well as the EEU. The article reveals new trends and identifies current problems and prospects of the public pension system, and proves the key role of private pension systems and voluntary plans to finance retirement income in the medium term. It has been proved that in the conditions of reforming the pension system, supporting the development of the market of private pension funds is an important issue, which in the future will be a key source of financing of retirement income and funds accumulated by private foundations can be used as a source of long-term investments, including those in priority infrastructure and innovative projects. Research materials may be used for the development and implementation of the state strategy of reform and develop the pension system in Russia, in this regard, they are of practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russian State Children's Library (RGDB) is the largest children's library in the world and has been serving as a cultural and educational center for more than 45 years. Important aspects of RGDB's activities are the development of electronic resources and setting up the library site for distant users. The National Electronic Children's Library in Russia is a specialized digital collection of publications about children and for children. This article focuses on these aspects and the future steps of the project. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]