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The relevance of the researched problem is caused by the fact that at present there is the sharpest shortage of highly skilled personnel at the Russian enterprises and, therefore, studying of features of valuable and professional orientations of representatives of working professions is of special interest. The purpose of the article consists in the reasons for valuable and professional orientations as predictors of psychological recourses development of social professional qualification, and also development of effective means of its forming among modern workers. The leading method of the research of this problem is the testing method that makes possible to reveal psychological features of valuable and professional orientations of workers of iron and steel enterprises. The resource model of self-control of activities of the worker is provided in the article; and also it is proved that there is the need for development of the program of forming and development of valuable and professional orientations of workers as highly skilled personnel. Materials of the article can be useful to psychological practice in case of professional consultation, individual consultation, and also during the work on forming of metaprofessional qualities of specialists of working professions.

Aim: Predicting biodiversity responses to global changes requires good models of species' distributions. Both environmental conditions and human activities determine population density patterns. However, quantifying the relationship between wildlife population densities and their underlying environmental conditions across large geographical scales has remained challenging. Our goal was to explain the abundances of mammal species based on their response to several remotely sensed indices including the Dynamic Habitat Indices (DHIs) and the novel Winter Habitat Indices (WHIs). Location: Russia, the majority of regions. Taxon: Eight mammal species. Methods: We estimated average population densities for each species across Russia from 1981 to 2010 from winter track counts. The DHIs measure vegetative productivity, a proxy for food availability. Our WHIs included the duration of snow‐free ground, duration of snow‐covered ground and the start, end and length of frozen season. In models, we included elevation, climate conditions, human footprint index. We parameterized multiple linear regression and applied best‐subset model selection to determine the main factors influencing population density. Results: The DHIs were included in some of the top‐twelve models of every species, and in the top model for moose, wild boar, red fox and wolf, so they were important for species at all trophic levels. The WHIs were included in top models for all species except roe deer, demonstrating the importance of winter conditions. The duration of frozen ground without snow and the end of frozen season were particularly important. Our top models performed well for all the species (R2adj 0.43–0.87). Main Conclusions: The combination of the DHIs and the WHIs with climate and human‐related variables resulted in high explanatory power. We show that vegetation productivity and winter conditions are key drivers of variation in population density of eight species across Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Prostate and breast cancers are the most common malignancies. Accurate diagnosis and staging of diseases are important for the prognosis and determination of treatment tactics. The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor is overexpressed in over 80% of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers and in up to 100% of primary prostate cancers, particularly in prostate cancers of lower grades and smaller sizes. Our group has developed an imaging agent [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 suitable for the detection of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors' expression using SPECT. We aimed to perform a first-in-human study to test the safety of [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 administration, to study its biological distribution in normal organs, and to evaluate the agent's targeting of receptors in tumors. This phase I study was performed in six prostate and seven breast cancer patients. Single injections of the new agent were well tolerated and a number of prostate and breast cancer primary tumors as well as metastases were visualized with SPECT/CT shortly after administration. The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and in hormone-driven breast cancer (BCa). The aim of this phase I clinical trial was to evaluate safety, biodistribution, and dosimetry after the administration of the recently developed GRPR-targeting antagonistic bombesin analogue [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 in PCa and BCa patients. Planar and whole-body SPECT/CT imaging was performed in six PCa patients and seven BCa patients 2, 4, 6, and 24 h post the intravenous administration of 40 µg of [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 (600–700 MBq). No adverse events or pathological changes were observed. The rapid blood clearance of [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 was observed with predominantly hepatobiliary excretion. The effective doses were 0.0053 ± 0.0007 for male patients and 0.008 ± 0.003 mSv/MBq for female patients. The accumulation of [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 in tumors was observed in four out of six PCa and in seven out of seven BCa patients. In four BCa patients, a high uptake of the agent into the axillary lymph nodes was detected. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive GRPR expression in 60% of primary PCa, 71.4% of BCa tumors, and 50% of examined BCa lymph nodes. In conclusion, a single administration of [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 was safe and well tolerated. [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 SPECT may be useful for tumor detection in PCa and BCa patients, pending further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most significant health-care problems worldwide. The host's genetics play an important role in the development of TB in humans. The disease progresses through several stages, each of which can be under the control of different genes. The precise genes influencing the different stages of the disease are not yet identified. The aim of the current study was to determine the associations between primary and secondary TB and the polymorphisms of novel candidate genes for TB susceptibility, namely CD79A, HCST, CXCR4, CD4, CD80, CP, PACRG, and CD69. Methods: A total of 357 patients with TB (130 cases with primary TB and 227 cases with secondary TB) from the Siberian region of Russia as well as 445 healthy controls were studied. The study was performed at the Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia, between July 2015 and November 2016. Genotyping was carried out using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and PCR-RFLP. The associations between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms and TB were assessed using logistic regression adjusting for covariates (age and gender). Multiple testing was addressed via the experiment-wise permutation approach. The statistical significance threshold was a P value less than 0.05 for the permutation P values. The analyses were done in R 3.2 statistical software. Results: An association was established between the rs1880661 variant of the CD80 gene and secondary TB and the rs10945890 variant of the PACRG gene and both primary and secondary TB. However, the same allele of PACRG appeared to be both a risk factor for reactivation (secondary TB) and a protector against primary infection. Conclusion: The results suggested that the CD80 and PACRG genes were associated with susceptibility to different forms of TB infection in the Russian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relative importance of geography, history, and policy in driving forest cover change at broad scales remains poorly understood. We examine variation in forest cover dynamics over the period 1985–2012 across 19 countries in Eastern Europe and European Russia in order to shed light on the role of these in driving forest cover change after the collapse of socialism. Using a combination of cross-section and panel regression methods, we find that privatization of forest lands increased forest cover loss due to logging, as did increases in agricultural land between 1850 and 1900. Land quality has no power to explain variation in forest loss between countries, nor does trade and price liberalization policy. None of our covariates explain forest regrowth on non-forested land over the period. We conclude that history and land privatization drove important cross-country variation in forest dynamics in the region, but that the majority of forest cover change over the period results from shocks, both political and economic, shared by all countries in the sample. This highlights the importance of broad-scale shocks as drivers of forest change, relative to geographic and policy variability across individual countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genome-wide association studies are currently considered as one of the most powerful tools for establishing the genetic basis of complex diseases. A number of such studies have been carried out for allergic diseases; however, in the Russian population, this analysis has not been performed so far. For the first time, we performed a genome-wide association study of allergic diseases in Russian residents of West Siberia. Two new loci associated with childhood bronchial asthma (20q13.12, rs2425656, P = 1.99 × 10; 1q32.1, rs3817222, rs12734001, P = 2.18 × 10 and 2.79 × 10, respectively) as well as one locus associated with allergic rhinitis (2q36.1, rs1597167, P = 3.69 × 10) were identified. Genes located in these loci, YWHAB and PPP1R12B for asthma and KCNE4 for allergic rhinitis, are suggested as new candidate genes for these diseases. It was also found that BAT1 (6p21.33), MAGI2 (7q21.11), and ACPL2 (3q23) are probably common (syntropic) genes of allergic disease and atopic sensitization. It was shown that RIT2 (18q12.3) and FSTL4 (5q31.1) genes can be involved in the control of lung function. The results of the study contribute to the body of data on genetic factors of allergy and expand the list of genes underlying these diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In Russian population of Siberia asthma is usually concomitant with high sensitization to indoor allergens (cat, dog and house dust mites), overproduction of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and airway hyperreactivity. Definition of genes that predispose to development of various sub-components of the asthma phenotype is important for understanding of etiology of this disease. To map genes predisposing to asthma, we tested 21 microsatellite markers from candidate chromosomal regions in 136 Russian nuclear families with asthma from Siberia. We performed non-parametric analysis for linkage with asthma, total IgE, specific IgE to cat, dog, and dust mites, and spirometric indices (FEV1 (%) – percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1s, FVC (%) – percentage of predicted forced vital capacity, and FEV1/FVC (%) – Tiffenau index). The most significant linkage was to the candidate region on chromosome 12. Locus controlling cat-specific IgE, which is the most abundant in asthma patients from Siberian population, mapped within the interval between 136 and 140cM on chromosome 12q24.3, with the suggestive linkage at the marker D12S1611 (LOD=2.23, P =0.0007). Total IgE was also linked to this region (D12S1611 – LOD=1.12, P =0.012). FEV1 (%) exceeded LOD>1 threshold for significance with the same locus 12q24.3, but with the peak at a more proximal region at 111.87cM (D12S338 – LOD=1.21, P =0.009). Some evidence of linkage (LOD>1.0) was also detected for asthma at 6p21.31 (D6S291) and total IgE at 13q14.2 (D13S165). These data indicate that the locus 12q24.3 is the most promising candidate for identification of asthma genes in Russian population of Siberia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Focuses on the contributions of health communications in the effectiveness of a diphtheria vaccination program in Russia. Assessment of outcomes through vaccination coverage data and more qualitative measures; Statistics illustrating the correlation between successful vaccinations and effective health communication; Implications of findings for future immunization campaigns in the country.

Discusses the amount of diphtheria vaccine necessary to protect and treat adults according to research findings in Russia in the 1990s. Calculation of the amount of vaccine for each dose; Results of the matched odds ratio; Results suggesting that Russian adults required at least three doses of the toxoid.

• We study patterns and correlates of forest change in post-socialist Russia. • We use newly-available remote-sensing data on forest-cover change. • Regions' bureaucracy, autonomy, and evergreen forest robustly predict forest change. • Economic and administrative variables correlate with logging and reforestation. • Environmental variables have high explanatory power for patterns of forest fires. European Russia rapidly transitioned after the collapse of the Soviet Union from state socialism to a market economy. How did this political and economic transformation interact with ecological conditions to determine forest loss and gain? We explore this question with a study of European Russia in the two decades following the collapse of the Soviet Union. We identify three sets of potential determinants of forest-cover change—supply-side (environmental), demand-side (economic), and political/administrative factors. Using new satellite data for three distinct types of forest-cover change—logging, forest fires, and forest gain—we quantify the relative importance of these variables in province-level regression models during periods of a) state collapse (1990s), and b) state growth (2000s). The three sets of covariates jointly explain considerable variation in the outcomes we examine, with size of forest bureaucracy, autonomous status of the region, and prevalence of evergreen forests emerging as robust predictors of forest-cover change. Overall, economic and administrative variables are significantly associated with rates of logging and reforestation, while environmental variables have high explanatory power for patterns of forest fire loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the measurement of sensitization to different airborne allergens in patients with atopic bronchial asthma in west Siberia, Russia. Specific immunoglobulin E of each patients was measured. The major and important allergen are being considered as those to which more than 50 to 30 percent of patients in a group were sensitized. It was found out that cat allergen is the major allergen, with 57.3 percent of the patients sensitized.

Presents an assessment of the impact of a policy change that lowered the age for the administration of a second booster dose of diphtheria vaccine. A matched case-control study in three Russian cities; Methods; Findings; Conclusion that a booster dose of diphtheria-toxoid vaccine given to children at six and eight years of age improved protection against diphtheria.

Background: Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and its modified version (CAVI0) are promising non-invasive markers of arterial stiffness, extensively evaluated primarily in the Japanese population. In this work, we performed a model-based analysis of the association between different population characteristics and CAVI or CAVI0 values in healthy Russian subjects and propose a tool for calculating the range of reference values for both types of indices., Methods: The analysis was based on the data from 742 healthy volunteers (mean age 30.4 years; 73.45% men) collected from a multicenter observational study. Basic statistical analysis [analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation (r), significance tests] and multivariable linear regression were performed in R software (version 4.0.2). Tested covariates included age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, and heart rate (HR)., Results: No statistically significant difference between healthy men and women were observed for CAVI and CAVI0. In contrast, both indices were positively associated with age (r = 0.49 and r = 0.43, P < 0.001), however, with no clear distinction between subjects of 20-30 and 30-40 years old. Heart rate and blood pressure were also identified as statistically significant predictors following multiple linear regression modeling, but with marginal clinical significance. Finally, the algorithm for the calculation of the expected ranges of CAVI in healthy population was proposed, for a given age category, HR and pulse pressure (PP) values., Conclusions: We have evaluated the quantitative association between various population characteristics, CAVI, and CAVI0 values and established a method for estimating the subject-level reference CAVI and CAVI0 measurements., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

A review deals with the problem of chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the position of a physician and cardiologist. The epidemiology of the disease was discussed both abroad and in Russia, including the most up-to-date data. In Russia CKD markers were detected in 49.4% of hypertensives. Authors describe risk factors and mechanisms of CKD at the most important pathogenetic conditions: hypertension, diabetes and obesity. The current classification and methods for calculating the glomerular filtration rate are given. The review disclose a paradigm of the renal continuum and its relation to cardiovascular diseases. It is well known fact that the final causes of the death of patients with CKD, as a rule, are cardiovascular complications. Based on the literature data, the necessity and expediency of screening for renal dysfunction is justified. In the example of use of an angiotensin receptor blocker II - irbesartan nephroprotective demonstrated possibilities of intervention in patients with renal dysfunction of varying severity.