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The "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome" stands for unexpected nonviolent death of apparently healthy chest age child when there is no history or pathomorphological features which can be adequate explanations for death reasons. In Russian Federation, the death rate from this syndrome in the range of 0,06 to 2,8 per 1000 live births. In Stavropol region, average figures are equal to 0,36 per 1000 live births in the period of 2005-2014. Rates of incidence sudden infant death syndrome are similar to the rates of incidence associated with infectious diseases, and as a result of injury or poisoning. Currently paid attention to neurogenic mechanisms of sudden infant death syndrome, as a consequence in combination cranio-spinal birth injury with delayed fatal in infancy, in the period of residual effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Chondrospheres fabricated from chondrocytes or human cartilage cells have been recently successfully used as novel tissue-based therapeutic modality for cartilage defects treatment. However, chondrospheres non-adhered immediately to the surface of cartilage defect could be detached. We hypothesize that bioprinting of tissue engineered cartilage construct using porcine viscous collagen as a bioink and support for chondrospheres will enable biofabrication of rapidly and better integrated tissue engineered construct suitable for implantation. Methods: Human chondrocytes have been isolated from human cartilage. Tissue spheroids have been fabricated using ultra-low attachment spheroid microplates (Corning, USA). The diameters of tissue spheroids have been estimated as well as their biomechanical properties ("Microsquisher", CellScale, Canada). Bioprinting was performed using porcine viscous collagen hydrogel, chondrospheres fabricated from human chondrocytes and original 3D bioprinter "Fabion" (3D Bioprinting Solutions, Russia). Bioprinted constructs have been implanted subcutaneously into nude mice. One month after implantation the isolated bioprinted construct has been evaluated by morphological, immunohistochemical and biomechanical methods. Results: It has been demonstrated that cartilage tissue-engineered constructs bioprinted from porcine collagen hydrogel and chondrospheres after heterotopic subcutaneous implantation into nude mice maintain its viability, shape and biomechanical, morphological and histochemical properties typical for cartilage. Conclusion: Taken together our data strongly suggest that bioprinted human cartilage tissue engineered construct is viable and it maintains its shape and biomechanical, morphological and immunohistochemical histotypical phenotypic properties after implantation in vivo. Implantation of bioprinted human cartilage tissue-engineered construct into nude mice is a valuable pre-clinical evaluation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and metrological characteristics of the MTsR-F2 fountain-type cesium frequency standard developed at the All-Russia Research Institute of Physicotechnical and Radio Measurements in 2008-2011 within the framework of the GLONASS Federal Targeted Program are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantitative distribution and relationships of picocyanobacteria and viruses were studied in the mesotrophic Sheksna and mesoeutrophic Rybinsk reservoirs belonging to the system of the Volga-Baltic Waterway. The share of picocyanobacteria in the sum biomass and production of phytoplankton decreased along with increase in the productivity in the waterbody. However, the abundance of virioplankton increased in such conditions. The extent of infection by phages and virus-induced mortality of picocyanobacteria were two times higher on average in the mesoeutrophic reservoir compared to the mesotrophic one: 14 and 7% of the number of picocyanobacteria, 21 and 11% of daily production of picocyanobacteria, respectively. Mortality in picocyanobacteria resulted from lysis by viruses increased (up to 52% of daily production of picocyanobacteria) at the local parts where water was blooming with phytoplankton and at the parts affected by communal pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regularities of bacteria distribution in the bottom sediments of the Upper Volga reservoirs are studied. Human-induced changes in the structure and activity of bacteriobenthos communities occurring in water body areas adjacent to towns and settlements are described. Reservoir zones subject to long-term human impact are distinguished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Deals with the significance of the Taganrog settlement to the system of Greek colonies in the region of the North of the Black Sea. Archaeological discoveries and collections; Characteristics of the archaeological findings; Collections that can be found at the Rostov Museum in Russia; Description of the Taganrog settlement.

In September 2017, studies were conducted in the East Siberian Sea along the transect from a Indigirka delta to the ice edge at the outer shelf margin. The abundances of planktonic prokaryotes (N PR) and free viruses (N V), frequency of visibly infected prokaryotic cells (FVIC), and virus-mediated mortality of prokaryotes (VMPR) varied within (0.5–3.4) × 106 (on average (1.67 ± 0.69) × 106) cells/mL; (2.3–10.3) × 106 (on average (5.28 ± 1.91) × 106) viruses/mL; 0.6–2.5 (on average 1.1 ± 0.4) % of N PR ; and 4.5–22.3 (on average 9.0 ± 3.8) % of the total prokaryotic production, respectively. The proportions of viruses attached to prokaryotic cells (N VPR) and suspended particles (N VP) were 1.9–26.3 (on average 8.0 ± 5.0) % of N V and 0.1–65.9 (on average 8.0 ± 13.3) % of N V , respectively. High concentrations of detrital and mineral particles, to which a significant number of viruses were attached and, as a result, loss of their activity were recorded in the river–sea water mixing zone. In such a situation, the number of virus attacks on prokaryotes and cases of their infection decreased. There was a negative relationship between the concentration of suspended particles 0.5–5.0 μm in size and the abundance of infected prokaryotic cells. Thus, we conclude that viruses played a substantial role in controlling the abundance and production of heterotrophic prokaryotic plankton in the low-productive East Siberian Sea at the beginning of autumn. Regional index terms : Russian Federation; East Siberian Sea. Geographic bounding coordinates : 70–78° N; 150–165° E. [Display omitted] • For the first time viruses – bacteria interactions were studied in the East Siberian Sea. • A significant number of viruses were attached to suspended particles and bacteria. • The parameters determined were comparable in the waters with temperature > and < 0 °C. • Viruses play a considerable role in controlling the heterotrophic bacterioplankton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript collects all the efforts of the Russian Consortium, bottlenecks revealed in the course of the C-HPP realization, and ways of their overcoming. One of the main bottlenecks in the C-HPP is the insufficient sensitivity of proteomic technologies, hampering the detection of low- and ultralow-copy number proteins forming the "dark part" of the human proteome. In the frame of MP-Challenge, to increase proteome coverage we suggest an experimental workflow based on a combination of shotgun technology and selected reaction monitoring with two-dimensional alkaline fractionation. Further, to detect proteins that cannot be identified by such technologies, nanotechnologies such as combined atomic force microscopy with molecular fishing and/or nanowire detection may be useful. These technologies provide a powerful tool for single molecule analysis, by analogy with nanopore sequencing during genome analysis. To systematically analyze the functional features of some proteins (CP50 Challenge), we created a mathematical model that predicts the number of proteins differing in amino acid sequence: proteoforms. According to our data, we should expect about 100 000 different proteoforms in the liver tissue and a little more in the HepG2 cell line. The variety of proteins forming the whole human proteome significantly exceeds these results due to post-translational modifications (PTMs). As PTMs determine the functional specificity of the protein, we propose using a combination of gene-centric transcriptome-proteomic analysis with preliminary fractionation by two-dimensional electrophoresis to identify chemically modified proteoforms. Despite the complexity of the proposed solutions, such integrative approaches could be fruitful for MP50 and CP50 Challenges in the framework of the C-HPP.

The article summarizes the achievements of the pilot phase (2010-2014) of the Russian part of the international project "Human Proteome" and identifies the directions for further work on the study of the human chromosome 18 proteome in the framework of the project main phase (2015-2022). The pilot phase of the project was focused on the detection of at least one protein for each chromosome 18 protein-coding gene in three types of the biological material. The application of mass spectrometric detection of proteins by the methods of multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) and gene-centric approach made it possible to detect 95% of master forms of proteins, for 60% of which the quantitative assessment of the protein content was obtained in at least one type of the biological material. The task of the main phase of the project is to measure the proteome size of healthy individuals, taking into account the modified protein forms, providing for both the bioinformatics prediction of the quantity of proteins types and the selective experimental measurement of single proteoforms. Since the ranges of protein concentrations corresponding to the normal physiological state have not been identified, the work of the main phase of the project is focused on the study of clinically healthy individuals. The absence of these data complicates significantly the interpretation of the patients' blood proteomic profiles and prevents creating diagnostic tests. In the long term prospect, implementation of the project envisages development of a diagnostic test system based on multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) for quantitative measurement of the protein forms associated with some diseases. Development of such test systems will allow predicting the extent of risk of different diseases, diagnosing a disease at its early stage and monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment.