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Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation by Robert Chambers, a Scottish publisher and popular writer, was one of the most influential evolutionary works in the pre-Darwinian age. This article examines the circumstances in which this treatise was published in Russia in 1863 and went through a second printing in 1868. Vestiges was translated into Russian by Alexander Palkhovsky (1831–1907), a former medical student, ideologically close to the nihilist movement, and was initially printed by the radical publisher Anatoly Cherenin, later prosecuted for his ties with revolutionary circles. Vestiges was translated not from the English original, but from a German translation by Karl Vogt. Given the popularity of German materialism among Russian radicals in the 1860s, association with Vogt's name did much to draw attention to the translation. Contrary to Vogt, who took an anti-evolutionary stance while translating Vestiges , Palkhovsky and other nihilists ardently supported evolution in the hope that it would help them combat religious belief. Praising the author of Vestiges for his evolutionary views, Russian radicals at the same time criticized him for numerous references to God, teleological thinking and blindness to social problems. In their attempts to put Vestiges into service, Russian nihilists were similar to English freethinkers of the 1840s. The study of how Vestiges was read and perceived in Russia provides a better understanding of the cross-cultural reception of evolutionary ideas on the eve of Darwin's Origin of Species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego is the property of University of Lower Silesia / Dolnoslaska Szkola Wyzsza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of effective anti-corruption measures relies on a sound understanding of underlying country-specific cultural patterns of corruption. However, finding these patterns faces the problem of ecological fallacies when tracing back the results of comparative macro-studies to the national level or of using ex-post explanations for cultural variances in experimental research designs. Thus, we ask how cultural patterns can explain country differences in the propensity to act corrupt without neglecting the aforementioned problems. Based on institutional theory, we model path-dependent cultural patterns at the macro, meso and micro levels promoting propensity to act corrupt in Poland and Russia. The results of experimental data gathered from students in Poland and Russia show that the extent to which legal nihilism and ethical dualism are institutionalized at the macro level, as well as the micro factors of gender-specific socialization and studying law, has a significant effect on the propensity to act corrupt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the second half of the 19th century, Russia saw sweeping economical, social and political development. Czar Alexander II's empancipation led to reforms made in law, education, and military, bringing older and younger generations face to face. The new generation was influenced by the ideas of such philosophers as N. A. Dobrolyubov and N. K. Chernyshevsky, and denied their ancestor's value judgments and beliefs. The old generation, on the other hand, stuck heavily to Russian tradition and orthodoxy, and resisted this nihilistic movement. Antinihilists regarded the action and the thoughts of the young generation as a threat to Russia. Out of that, a parallel genre of literature developed between 1860 and 1880: the antinihilistic novel, which criticized the social, political, and religious philosophy of nihilism. Russian author Aleksey Feofilaktovich Pisemsky (1821-1881) was a key Russian realist. In his 1871 novel In the Vortex (В Водовороте), he introduced his readers to nihilistic and the antinihilistic heroes using vivid realism. The novel described a tragic picture of Russia of the 1860s, and draws attention to the degeneration of the Russian family and societal structure. In this study, we shall explore how Russia evolved during this period the characteristics of the antinihilistic novel, and Pisemsky's antinihilistic attitude in this aforementioned book, and then analyze the novel using historical literary methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yearbook of the Faculty of Political Sciences / Godisnjak Fakultet Politickih Nauka Beograd is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Political Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista UNISCI is the property of Unidad de Investigaciones Sobre Seguridad y Cooperacion International (UNISCI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From Pussy Riot to Michael Khodorkovskiy, the solidity of the rule of law in Russia seems rather shaky. This has translated into a troubled relationship between Russia and the European Court of Human Rights since Russia's ratification of the European Convention in 1998. Various factors explain this tension, including the structure of the judiciary, the status of the European Convention in Russia law, public mistrust of the courts, and ongoing episodes of armed conflicts. This has posed enormous challenges to the European Court of Human Rights, and even the most recent attempts to improve it are unlikely to trigger better compliance in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Internal Security is the property of Police Academy in Szczytno and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The popular media, both Russian and Western, portray legal nihilis— at its core, a lack of respect for law—as a serious problem for Russia. This article uses data collected in 2004 and 2006 as part of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Study of the Higher School of Economics to examine the incidence of legal nihilism in Russia and to investigate who the legal nihilists are and what characteristics tend to be associated with legal nihilism. The effects of a number of characteris- tics, including political participation, political attitudes, the role of material and emotional well-being, and age, are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study that looks into the factors contributing to deviant consciousness and behavior of Russian youth. With this, a prehistory of the study is provided wherein the concept of legal nihilism is being introduced. The study is supported by the official statistics which demonstrates the increasing ratio of children, teenagers and adults who have defects of legal consciousness and behavior. It presents the incidents that show that there is still hope in solving the problems of deviant youth behavior, such as through effective legal and law enforcement measures. Moreover, it measures the level of consciousness of students who major in law and in humanities.

The article focuses on the subject of nature and nihilism in the environmental literature and law in Soviet Union. It cites that the negative image of Soviet Union concerning the environment is one of the degradation of the ecology. According to philosopher Karl Marx, a resolution of the conflict between man and nature is offered by communism through the elimination of private property rights and the creation of a new political structure. The author notes that the literature has been one of the significant channels of ecological thought in the country.

Attempts to extend people's knowledge of the connection between love, science, and politics in the 1860s by exploring these themes in the fiction of two shestidesiatniki, Nadezhda Suslova and Sof'ia Kovalevskaia. Insights into the mentality of the shestidesiatniki; Experience of the shestidesiatnitsy; Sources of the inspiration of the Russian radicals; Literature, politics and the ideology of everyday life.

The article presents information about the re-emergence of Russian sociology. The revolutionary tendency within the society contains a strong nihilistic strand. Nihilism as a political position considers necessary the destruction rather than transformation of existing structures. Those who may be classified as bourgeois-liberals are divided on the issue of the system's transformability: some want a peaceful transition to a more efficient economy and democratic polity by continuing the gradual transformation of the system to mould it into a better, more democratic socialist society. Others, with a more capitalist orientation, would prefer a return to the pre-Bolshevik period. There is also a conservative or reactionary tendency. This contains two strands one of which is quite familiar, namely a return to the firm disciplinarian state ruled by the strong leader. The other, but most unlikely possibility, is the restoration of some form of monarchical rule, beginning innocuously by giving cities their pre-revolutionary names. Ironically, this alternative is lent credibility by the growth in nationalism both in the Russian republic and in the other republics of the union.

The article explores the Russian intellectual movement of the 1860, nihilism, which is particularly represented by propagandist D. I. Pisarev. The author cites that the radicalism movement was a complete rejection of all the dominant views regarding the abstract fundamentals of life and an attempt to replace the views by a materialist and utilitarian interpretation.