Search

Small lakes and reservoirs located in the zone of active technogenesis are subject to the risk of various emergency situations. The present-day computer technologies, including hydrodynamic computation modules, can be used to effectively estimate and forecast their consequences with the aim to minimize the adverse effect. These models require evaluating the coefficients of horizontal diffusion. The theoretical analysis of such processes is very difficult because of their specifics. Studies aimed at evaluating these coefficients in Russia and other countries are very few, even under the assumption of their homogeneity and isotropy. The modern measurement technologies involving the use of pilotless vehicles, make such studies much simpler. The article discusses the significance of such studies, the technology of their performance, and the results obtained for the Verkhne-Zyryansk Reservoir. A field experiment with the use of eight floats yielded an average estimate of the coefficient of horizontal turbulent diffusion equal to 0.012 m2/s. The specific features of the obtained results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil production from reservoirs by various methods such as water injection (including hydrodynamic methods), physicochemical (including gas methods), and thermal methods was investigated. The dynamics of oil production from reservoirs developed using artificial stimulation methods in the Russian Federation in the period from 2012 to 2021 was analyzed. Mathematical models that adequately reflect the changes in the investigated parameters were selected. A forecast of oil production from reservoirs developed using artificial stimulation methods for the year 2030 was prepared. Specifically, an increase in oil production by thermal methods and a decrease in production by physicochemical methods (including gas methods), as well as by water injection methods (including hydrodynamic methods), were predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific-methodological principles are proposed for zoning valley reservoirs and studying the spatial heterogeneity of their bed shape based on criteria developed in the form of integral dimensionless morphometric coefficients. Up-to-date digital maps are used to improve the hydromorphological zoning of the Kama Reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of studying physicochemical properties of bottom sediments in the Kuibyshev Reservoir are given. The evaluated characteristics include their porosity, specific surface area and density, and chemical state characteristics (pH, oil products, organic matter, phenols, and the mobile and total forms of heavy metals). Technogenic geochemical anomalies of bottom sediments are evaluated. The obtained results characterize the environmental state of bottom sediments in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results are presented of scenario calculations of water quality parameters and biological productivity in three areas of morphologically different types of reservoirs in the years with extreme water conditions. Three models of reservoirs with the same size and flowage are used: river-, lake-, and mixed-type reservoirs. The study is based on the morphometric parameters and bathygraphical curves from 18 stretches of the Mozhaisk Reservoir. The revealed differences in the intensity of algae bloom and anoxia in hypolimnion in the simulated reservoirs are compared with the criteria of the norm and risk of the ecological regime of the reservoirs being the sources of municipal water supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of the formation conditions of natural freshwater resources caused by the construction of a water reservoir in the Kolyma River valley is considered. Water resources in the winter low-water season downstream the dam were found to increase many times, and a new groundwater recharge area appeared in the river valley between reservoir upper reaches and Ust'-Srednekan Settl. An increase in seepage loss from the reservoir cannot be ruled out, the more so after the construction of the Ust-Srednekansk Hydropower Plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of long-term observations of the chemical composition of bottom sediments in the Vygozero Reservoir are presented. They revealed the main regularities in variation of the composition, sediment properties, and the present condition of bottom sediments. As shown, changes in the environmental conditions in the area of Vygozero influenced the processes of sedimentogenesis in the water body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of hydrological, ecological-hydrochemical, and hydrobiological studies, aimed at the protection and rational use of water resources of the Pavlovskoe Reservoir are considered. The results of experimental studies of the effect of submerged wood on water chemistry and the assessment of the ecological state of the reservoir based on phytoplankton data are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of studies of the vertical distribution of SP (the sum of chlorophill a and pheopigments) and the rate of silting of the Rybinsk Reservoir since its filling in 1941 up to 2009 are studied. The range of pigment concentrations (7-232 μg/g of dry residue) in core sample layers includes the values typical of all types of trophic conditions of water bodies, but the majority of values (81%) refers to the categories of mesotrophic and eutrophic. The mean concentrations of pigments in core samples over the periods between soil surveys, which were carried out in 1955, 1978, 1992, and 2009, averaged 525.4, 248.8, 200.6, and 142.3 mg/(m year), respectively. The mean rates of silting at the stations under study decreased from survey to survey from 13.6-17.9 to 3.5-5.3 mm/year. A direct positive relation was found to exist between the mean annual concentrations of pigments in core samples and the rate of silting at higher values of the indices in lakelike reaches in comparison with river-type reaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution of chemical matter from major sources to the composition of water in the Novosibirsk reservoir is assessed. It is confirmed that the chemical composition of water in the Novosibirsk reservoir is essentially formed due to the inflow of chemicals from the Ob' river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of diagnostic calculations using mathematical models of reservoirs are formulated. The structure of a box hydrological model GMV-MGU is described, and the results of calculation of daily water balance, internal heat exchange structure, and heat balance of individual areas in the Mozhaisk and Rybinsk reservoirs are given. First results of calculation of variations in mean daily phytoplankton biomass in the near-dam pool of a weakly eutrophic water body in period of spring (diatoms) and summer (blue-green) blooming are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species composition of phytoplankton and quantitative parameters of its abundance are indicators of ecological conditions in a water body. This paper deals with the analysis of phytoplankton in the Irkutsk Reservoir, which was formed more than 50 years ago on the Angara River flowing out of Lake Baikal. The level of phytoplankton development in the reservoir is directly dependent on the abundance of diatoms in Lake Baikal. The dominant assemblage of algal species is stable and consists mainly of diatoms, chlorophytes, and chrysophytes. Cyanobacteria are represented by a small number of species with low abundance. According to the composition of indicator species, the water in the lower reaches of the Irkutsk Reservoir can be classified as clean. The saprobity index in the open-water period is 1.2, increasing to between 1.3 and 1.5 in small bays. The values of phytoplankton biomass and chemical parameters of water recorded in 2008 indicate that the Irkutsk Reservoir is an oligotrophic water body. Its trophic status has not changed significantly since the time of impoundment (1956-1958). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimates of the chemical load of reservoirs in the water divide reach of the Moscow Canal in terms of phosphates, ammonium ion, nitrates, chlorides, organic matter (by permanganate oxidability), and BOD are given. Matter fluxes for lateral tributaries are compared with the fluxes along the canal, and the obtained relationships are used to evaluate seasonal variations in the role of lateral inflow in water quality formation in the reservoirs. The role of tributaries is shown to increase with decreasing volumes of Volga water transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The evolution of views of the stratigraphy of Berriasian–Lower Aptian deposits of West Siberia is described. In connection with a clinoform model of the section structure, suggestions are made for its stratification; according to new recommendations to the stratigraphic scheme, paleogeographic reconstructions were carried out for the four stratigraphic units identified in the Berriasian–Early Aptian play. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Sedimentation fluxes of suspension were determined in experimental studies on the Mozhaiskoe Reservoir in summer. The leading factors of formation and the rate of accumulation of sedimentary material and organic mater in the reservoir in different phases of synoptic cycle in the channel and shallow zones of the bed in the central part of the reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report CMP reflection profiling data acquired by Eniseigeofizika OJSC in the southwestern Siberian craton. The collected reference and regional profiles of a total length of ~5000 km, run in W–E and N–S directions and traverse all major structural units of the craton. The data were processed to obtain important evidence of the sediment structure as a basis for further exploration. The synthesis of the results allowed mapping the Riphean surface, with sedimentary sequences and basement highs. The thicknesses and deformation patterns of rocks were used to distinguish ten zones which differ in their structure and composition, as well as in the position with respect to major units of the overlying Vendian–Paleozoic sequence. The distinguished zones have been ranked in terms of exploration and licensing priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the conditions and stages formations of the mollusk fauna in the Novosibirsk Reservoir in Russia. It says that 15 mollusk species were discovered in the Novosibirsk Reservoir, several of which are bivalves and gastropods. It explains that the lowest values of mollusk ratio and biomass are found in the macrozoobenthos from the upper part of the reservoir. The highest values of mollusk biomass and ratio are found in beds of Ceratophyllum and Hydrilla.

Abstract: In light of the new clinoform model of the Neocomian, introduced at the last stratigraphic meeting, it is suggested to distinguish clinoform units instead of formations in the clinoform zone. Formations (12 in number) remain only west of the central part of the Neocomian basin (east-dipping clinoforms). In the eastern and southeastern parts of the basin, all the formations beyond the clinoform zone, which consist mostly of continental sediments, should be united into the Ust’-Taz Group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of many-year studies of production destruction processes in the Mozhaisk Reservoir are used to examine their specific features in extremely dry years. It is shown that the processes of organic matter formation and destruction in the reservoir are more active when water level is low. Variations in the intensity of production-destruction processes in all phases of synoptic cycle are analyzed (during cooling, cold, heating, and warm). Changes in weather conditions are shown to be accompanied by phytocenosis restructuring. Fine-cell phytoplankton forms are shown to dominate in phytocenosis composition when water level in the reservoir is extremely low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials of half-century observations of zooplankton in the Rybinsk Reservoir were used to establish reversible variations in its structure, abundance, and biomass and irreversible variations in the characteristics (trends). Variations with periods of ∼10 and 20 years have the largest effect on the community dynamics. Regression models are presented describing the dependence of zooplankton biomass averaged over May-October on its values in summer months and on the concentrations of chlorophyll a and phytoplankton and hydrothermal characteristics of the water body. Changes in zooplankton community under the effect of eutrophication and de-eutrophication of reservoir ecosystem are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: According to the suggested model of groundwater stratigraphy obtained on the basis of geological and groundwater data, the sedimentary cover of the western Siberian craton includes the suprasalt, salt, and subsalt groundwater units subdivided into regional and subregional reservoirs. It has been found reasonable to carry out special groundwater studies, either before or concurrently with petroleum exploration, in order to ensure supply of drinking, household, and technological waters to meet the demand of oil and gas production and to make groundwater available for oil-well pressure maintaining systems and for underground burial of waste waters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the formation of the hydrochemical regime and water quality in the Ivankovo reservoir in 1996-2000. Water quality of water bodies is determined not only by the presence or absence of toxic compounds but also by the main parameters of the aquatic environment including its temperature, oxygen content, and water salinity, essential to the development of hydrobionts. Results of the study suggest that in 1996-2000 physical and chemical characteristics of water quality of the Ivankovo reservoir varied over a wide range. They were conditioned mainly by changes in the weather and climatic conditions.

As a rule, large modern industrial complexes are significant water users. This raises the problem of providing them with reliable and sustainable water supply systems. To solve this problem, relatively small, special reservoirs for technical water supply are often created. When creating them, it is a priori assumed that their water masses will be comparatively homogeneous over the aquatorium and throughout the depths, and so, therefore, that their flushing can be successfully used to prevent a possible accumulation of pollutants. The experience of operating such reservoirs in the Verkhnekamsky potassium and magnesium salt development zone in Ural, Russia, has shown that, due to intense diffuse pollution, the reservoirs are characterized by significant vertical non-uniformity, fundamentally altering the hydrodynamics of these water bodies. Based on a series of research, including field observations and computational experiments, the present paper reveals that the vertical non-uniformity of water masses plays a key role in ensuring the sustainability of technical water supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hypothesis is offered to explain the causes for high Mn concentrations in Moskva River reservoirs in spring and summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Research has shown that the creation of the Bratsk water reservoir considerably changed the seismic conditions in this area of the Siberian Platform. Seismic records revealed a significant increase in the energy classes of earthquakes with epicenters in the north of the reservoir, in trap intrusion zone. The change in engineering-geologic conditions and frequent seismic events affected the rate of development of gravitational deformations on the shore slopes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]