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The modern system of national education, developing in the competence paradigm, puts on the agenda the need to form students' communicative skills that belong to the category of critical competencies of a meta-subject nature. The article discusses the methodological features and pedagogical conditions for forming meta-subject skills of schoolchildren in foreign language lessons. An attempt is proposed to determine the characteristics of the meta-subject approach, including a complex of personality traits that allow the student to act in a given communication situation at the level determined by the age-related psychological characteristics and the possibilities of the social experience of a younger student. The authors used the following research methods: utilizing the study and generalization of pedagogical experience and the survey method, the communicative, regulatory - behavioral and motivational characteristics of a younger student, which must be taken into account when introducing pedagogical technologies focused on meta-subject results in foreign language lessons, are concretized. The analysis of the real practice of an educational activity is aimed at establishing a set of features of the pedagogical support of the meta subject approach within the framework of the "foreign language" discipline in primary school. Based on the analysis of scientific literature on research and practical experience, several strategies have been identified that ensure the effective implementation of meta-subject results in younger students in foreign language lessons.

Seismic and volcanic processes in the area of the northern group of volcanoes (NGV) in Kamchatka Peninsula that accompanied the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (GTFE) of 1975-1976 and the Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (TFE, or '50 let IViS' due to anniversary of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) of 2012-2013 and the seismic activity between these events are considered. The features of evolution of seismic processes of the major NGV volcanoes (Ploskii Tolbachik, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymannyi, and Shiveluch) are revealed. The distribution of earthquakes along depth, their spatial and temporal migration, and the relation of seismic and volcanic activity are discussed. The major features of seismic activity during the GTFE preparation and evolution and a development of earthquake series preceding the origin of the northern and southern breaks are described. The character of seismic activity between the GTFE and TFE is shown. The major peculiarities of evolution of seismic activity preceding and accompanying the TFE are described. The major magma sources and conduits of the NGV volcanoes are identified, as is the existence of a main conduit in the mantle and a common intermediate source for the entire NGV, the depth of which is 25-35 km according to seismic data. The depth of a neutral buoyancy layer below the NGV is 15-20 km and the source of areal volcanism of magnesian basalts northeast of the Klyuchevskoy volcano is located at depth of ~20 km. These data support the major properties of a 2010 geophysical model of magmatic feeding system of the Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes. The present paper covers a wider NGV area and is based on the real experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a calculation of the P-wave ( V) velocity fields are presented on the basis of the method of the reversible wave and the TAU parameter characterizing the V/ V ratio of seismic waves from the local volcanic earthquakes that occurred at the northern group of Kamchatka volcanoes in 2005-2007. The 3D velocity cross sections were constructed along the SW-NE-trending volcanic group from the Ploskii Tolbachik volcano in the southwest up to the Shiveluch volcano in the northeast. The change of velocity field in time and depth is found. The problems of relating these changes to volcanic activity is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P- and S-wave travel times from local volcanic earthquakes recorded in the North group of volcanoes area during the 2005-2009 period were treated by the 'reverse wave' method to calculate the V velocity field and the TAU parameter, which is an analogue of the P- to S-wave velocity ratio. We constructed 3D velocity distributions along the line traversing the volcanic group along the direction from Ploskii Tolbachik Volcano in the southwest toward Shiveluch Volcano in the northeast. Dynamic changes in the velocity field were identified, both over time and depth. We examine the relationships of these dynamic changes to the evolution of volcanic activity during the period indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To describe a situation in which an opioid-dependent patient overcame naltrexone blockade. Design, case report, setting Addiction treatment center in St Petersburg, Russia. Participant Patient with naltrexone implant. Intervention Detoxification. Measurements Clinical observations. Conclusions It is possible, but very difficult, to overcome naltrexone blockade by using large doses of heroin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Velocity properties of the heterogeneous crust are required for solving a wide range of geophysical problems, including earthquakes hypocenters location and deep structure investigation for delineating geological anomalies of different nature. In this work, we considered an unusual approach of subsurface characterization on the basis of P- and S- waves travel times – so-called "reverse wave" method for areas of dense seismicity. Considered method is based on the principle of wave reversibility with is that the travel time of the seismic wave propagating from the source to the receiver is equal to the travel time of wave propagating from the receiver to the source. This principle allows us to consider quite a bit of travel times of seismic waves running from sufficiently weak local earthquakes to some seismic station as the reversal waves travel times, propagating from this seismic station to the hypocenters of the corresponding earthquakes. Thus, the initial parameters for velocity distribution reconstruction includes coordinates of the earthquake hypocenters and seismic wave travel times corresponding to the particular seismic station. The novel algorithm to find the solution of the inverse problem is developed which incorporates the iteration procedure to improve the reconstruction results and imposes additional smoothness conditions on the reconstructed values. Several numerical experiments based on forward problem solution were performed. Waves travel times in 3D heterogeneous medium have been calculated in the ray approximation. It made it possible to estimate the effect of various parameters including earthquakes density, size and shape of the velocity anomalies on the residual of the reconstructed velocity distribution. Obtained results allow us to choose optimal parameters for calculation of the velocity distribution depending on the set of initial data and make a comparison with tomographic methods.The work was carried out with the financial support of the grant of the President of the Russian Federation to support scientific schools No. SS-5545.2018.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To describe a situation in which an opioid-dependent patient overcame naltrexone blockade. Design, case report, setting Addiction treatment center in St Petersburg, Russia. Participant Patient with naltrexone implant. Intervention Detoxification. Measurements Clinical observations. Conclusions It is possible, but very difficult, to overcome naltrexone blockade by using large doses of heroin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]