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Dynamic characteristics of social networks users' behavior represent the toolkit for diagnosing the character and orientation of cyber communication. This study aims to analyze the communicative behavior of youth after transitioning directly from direct communication to communication via technology for the purpose of defining opportunities and determining manipulation potential on communicants. Sixty-two (62) active participants of social networks were selected to answer the questions of the questionnaire. Further, on the grounds of the provided statistics of their accounts, quantitative characteristics of dynamics of cyber communication of participants' communicative behavior were analyzed using descriptive statistics and criterion of Spearman rank correlation. From the results, decrease in the level of intellectual communication of the youth in cyberspace provides a high level of the youth manipulative availability in social networks. Hypotheses about measurability of dynamic characteristics of cyber communication, as well as the communication vector shift from small groups into big ones were confirmed.

This paper discusses a class of phenomena called a "responsible decision", a type of decision making in which the choice between behavioural capabilities is determined by the alternative values that lie behind them. Using Vygotksy's theory of cultural and historical development, this paper posits that the process of a child's internalization of interpersonal dialogue is used as a means of making a responsible decision. The participants in the study included 137 Russian children and adolescents, aged 6-17 years old. The procedure used in the study showed an increase in the level of maturity of responsible decisions in children aged 6-11-year-old. The study revealed that the primary school age is the crucial time and area of proximal development for making responsible decisions. This has implications for some of the methods which adults can use to support a child's ability to make responsible decisions.

This article aims to a research problem that emphasizes the necessity to guide and organize schoolchildren's cognitive activities. In a situation when cognition becomes the leading activity, new opportunities are opened up for the organization of the whole educational process, including its other aspects such as -- development, and learning. The experiment conducted revealed problem points of organizing the process of cognition as well as the necessity for collecting additional data for a future experiment. The paper also puts forward the idea of a correlation between the hierarchical system of principles of education and types of adequacy.

In this paper, we study the phenomenon of "digital" death, its genesis and the attitudes towards death in the context of social networks of students. As a result of the investigation we have discovered different forms of "digital death and the ways students react to it in social networks. We further investigate the origins of different user attitudes towards "digital death" and the impact of manipulative relation to death in social networks on the social reality. Some students stage their own death on social networks by posting images on their homepage, which has the intentions (i) to attract public attention, (ii) to express their auto aggression (iii) to make fun of death and (iv) to reduce their own anxiety of death by "sharing" the fear with other students. Our analysis shows that the main purpose of staging one's death on social networks is to reduce the fear of death by creating plans, playing.

The current socio-economic situation creates similar conditions and rules for companies in various industries around the world.in this vein, the study and educate the retention factors of the company are of a great importance. The task of staff productivity increase and the overall effectiveness of its activities is relevant. The most important role in addressing the issue of employee productivity and performance increasing, as well as his retention is played by employee engagement. The researchers studying engagement at work recognize that this phenomenon is multifaceted and define it as an employee's physical, cognitive and emotional state, causing excessive performance of his functional duties. Involvement is interconnected with the motivational potential of work, therefore, the conditions for the engagement development are the following ones: work significance and diversity, the comparison of work with its result. The authors of the article conducted the study of engagement at work in the enterprises of fishing and fish processing industries. We determined the problems that impede the growth of staff engagement. The authors of the article implemented the program of corrective actions aimed to improve the factors affecting the engagement at work and retention of staff. We determined the interdependence of involvement level and the coefficient of staff turnover, as well as the return of employees to some holding.

High-immersion virtual reality (VR) technology is often associated with gaming. Yet, it is increasingly popular in educational contexts due to its potential to engage and motivate learners. Prior to VR technology integration in the classroom, the acceptance or resistance toward VR needs to be explored. This paper reports the results obtained from a large-scale (N = 20,876) survey on teachers' attitudes toward the use of VR for education. The survey explored the relationships between the teachers' VR integration level and their instructional approaches, as well as the frequency of VR use. Furthermore, the survey yielded answers on the relationship between the availability of information technology (IT) personnel and the frequency of VR use. Overall, teachers had moderately positive perceptions of the use of VR in education. There was no strong correlation between instructional approaches and the level of VR integration, but lower levels of VR integration were associated with more traditional teaching approaches. The results revealed a positive correlation between the level of VR integration and the frequency of VR use. However, the VR frequency use had a weak correlation with the availability of IT personnel.

The present article is aimed to prove that integrative-modular training is one of the conditions for the formation of students' unified vision of the professional world, and to offer a solution to the problem: what is the pedagogical model of integrative-modular training in professional preparation of students. The aim of the article is to describe the features of the pedagogical model of integrative-modular training in professional preparation of students. The review of foreign and Russian literature on the subject of the study is done. Research methods include analysis of scientific literature and analysis of learning outcomes. The theoretical, methodological and empirical basis of the study is described. The conceptual apparatus of the pedagogical model of integrative-modular training is specified. The analysis of experimental work of professional preparation of students in the conditions of integrative-modular training is given. Results: the ascertaining, forming and control stages of the experiment within the professional training of students are described. The content of each component of the pedagogical model of integrative-modular training of students is revealed. Finally, it is concluded that the developed pedagogical model of integrative-modular training has a positive impact on the professional training of students, in accordance with the indicators of their professional skills formation.

The goal of this study is to investigate the purposes of pioneers and describe their main achievements, who have worked on training methods of humanity. The article presents the scientific achievements of A.E. Kondratenkov in theoretical and practical pedagogy, among which a special role is given to the rural school as a kind of center for the spiritual revival of the village. The main attention in the article results is focused on the analysis of the contribution of A.E. Kondratenkov to practical humanistically oriented pedagogy, where the enduring values of the spiritual life of a person are humanized. The intrinsic value of human individuality is affirmed as well. As a novel strategy the methodological foundations of the pedagogical system of Kondratenkov and its essence are revealed. Finally, it is shown that the pedagogical activity of A.E. Kondratenkov deserves the research attention of scientists, educators, practitioners, and those who are concerned about the problems of the educational space of the modern school of Russia.

The problem of creating self-established educational standards (SES) is considered by the authors associated with the need to ensure the quality of educational programs and quality of preparation of the future teacher to solve new professional problems. The present work is aimed at scientifically recognising the technology of designing SES. Research methods: theoretical (analysis, synthesis and modelling) and empirical: survey methods (questioning and interviewing). Based on the results of employers' satisfaction survey (n = 112), the quality of teacher training and self-assessment of the preparation of graduates of a pedagogical university (n = 123) to perform work functions were defined an algorithm for developing SES in the direction of 'Pedagogical education', including analytical and diagnostic, modelling and reflexive stages. In general, the technology of preparing and introducing an SES ensures the integration of pedagogical science and practice and the development of continuous pedagogical education in the context of a regional scientific and educational cluster.

The research objective is to reveal and analyze the problems in developing the informational environment of a university. The authors applied theoretical and empirical methods, such as observation, polling, composing a Likert scale, calculation of Spearman ranking correlation coefficients, tabular and diagram techniques of data visualization, etc., which enabled to achieve the set goal. The score method based on Likert scale enabled to reveal the problem aspects of forming the informational and digital environment of a university. Also, these techniques enabled to quantitatively assess each problem, assess their significance and reveal the degree of each factor's relation to each problem of using the information and communication technologies at a university. University professors were polled about using innovative information technologies in order to both enhance the education efficiency and apply new pedagogical concepts and techniques. The poll revealed the problem aspects impeding the development of the informational environment. The research results are presented as a series of diagrams, reliably characterizing the issues which the university professors face when implementing the educational process. Besides, a number of indicators were calculated to determine the correlation coefficients, which enabled to quantitatively assess the degree of correlation between the two series of the compared quantitative indicators. The research revealed the factors impeding the development of the informational environment of a university. Awareness of these factors by the university administration and teaching staff would allow overcoming them, with a view of increasing the quality of educational services. The authors are making a substantiated conclusion that, despite certain difficulties, the informational technologies integrated into the educational process comply with the modern requirements of the society and enhance the competencies of both the students and professors participating in the educational process.

The article considers topical issues of a new form of interaction of educational organizations within a regional education system--networking cooperation by means of distance learning technologies. The purpose of the research is to develop a networking cooperation model of educational organizations through distance learning technologies and its methodical support within a regional education system based on the principles of openness, regionalization, integrity, productivity and technological effectiveness. The methodological basis of the research is comprised of the main ideas of systematic, technological and activity approaches. The model provides educational organizations with an opportunity to use it in the geographically remote regions. This provides for a continual cooperation of educational organizations at the regional level, creates an integrated learning environment, expands a resource potential of educational organizations and contributes to the improvement of education quality.

The authors review application of information technologies and systems at the Faculty of Distance Learning of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. General aspects of organizing training in e-learning environment, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of such approach are also examined. The authors study and analyze a number of surveys of students about the effectiveness of the distance learning. They were conducted in the format of Questionnaire seeking feedback on the effectiveness of various approaches in distance learning. This article helps better understand the value of e-learning and other innovative forms of delivering educational materials to students in the context of higher education and confirms the overall positive attitude of students and faculty members towards the use of online and e-learning modules/methods. The research clearly shows the trend and ongoing transition from traditional forms of learning to learning based on information technologies and systems.

The class list of secondary educational institutions' pupils of Siberia in the second half of the 19th-the beginning of the 20th centuries is investigated in the paper. It was established that the growth of people belonging to different social classes among pupils was observed in these institutions by the beginning of the last century. However this tendency proved to be differently in educational institutions of different type. In this context more conservative approach on the part of state gymnasiums of the Russian Empire was observed. The growth of people belonging to different social classes happened much more slowly in these institutions. An essential part of graduates was made by children of noblemen, officials and other privileged groups throughout the long period of time. More democratic school admissions were characteristic for secondary professional, nonclassical secondary and commercial schools. For the last the possibility to pay for training, but not the class origin of pupils was the main condition. Besides, there were no restrictions practically to enter teacher's seminaries and institutes because of a low salary of elementary school teachers that, in turn, caused the low attraction for the representatives of privileged groups to enter these institutions. The conclusion has been drawn that the education system in the Russian Empire at a boundary of the 19th-20th centuries developed at the intersection of contradictions between the needs for modernization of the Russian economy and the conservative efforts made for maintaining traditional social structure by the power.

This study examined the online exchanges of 28 pre-service foreign language teachers (14 in Russia, 14 in the US) as they discussed in English their opinions about cultural products, practices, and perspectives, and their study abroad experiences via voice-based telecollaboration. Informed by intercultural competence frameworks, a qualitative analysis of participants' oral exchanges revealed six intercultural learning moves performed by participants in order to develop their own and/or others' intercultural competence during interaction. A follow-up analysis of the intercultural learning moves that emerged in response to five purposefully selected discussion question prompts suggested that one prompt type--i.e. a combined Brainstorm + Reflection Question on Cultural Experiences--encouraged participants to make a higher number and a wider range of high-level intercultural learning moves. The study concluded with guidelines for developing discussion question prompts that are likely to promote the emergence of advanced intercultural learning moves via telecollaboration with global partners.

The article presents the experimentation on graduates' readiness formation to act in extraordinary situations conducted in the Tyumen Industrial University in training bachelors in "Oil and Gas Business". The criteria of graduates' readiness formation to act in extraordinary situations are the following: practicability, validity, timeliness, feasibility, specificity. There are three levels of readiness to act in extraordinary situations: low, average, high. There were used method "The Level of Subjective Control" by J. Rotter, method for determining neuro-psychological stability and the risk of maladjustment in stress--"Forecast", method of constriction measurement, method of identification and analysis of professionally important traits of a specialist in "man-technique" system as diagnostic instruments. In the experiment, there is developed a program of "Preparing for action in extraordinary situations of technogenic nature" focused on data of the region that includes the use of professional simulation in the learning process. There is a statistical analysis of experimentation results. The experimentation results demonstrate the effectiveness of developed program in university graduates' readiness formation to act in extraordinary situations.

The urgency of the analyzed issue is due to lack of attention of heads of service companies to the theory and methodology of strategic management, methods and models of management decision-making in times of economic instability. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical positions and methodical recommendations on the formation of the logistical approach to the development strategy of service companies. The leading approach to the study of this issue is the logistical approach, which allows identifying the most significant factors, carrying out the quantitative assessment of their interaction with each other and determining the extent of their influence on the parameters of the system under research. This research presents a methodology for the selection of optimal functional business strategies of service companies from the alternative, based on the use of economic and mathematical modeling techniques. The authors assess the parameters of the micro, macro and internal environment of the company, represent the company's business profile, a general development strategy based on the determination of optimal logistics, marketing, production, financial and human resource management strategies for individual strategic business areas. The contents of the article may be useful for managers of service companies, auto-transport enterprises in making rational decisions on the formation of the optimal business development strategy in uncertain environmental conditions.

Modern landscape--it's a holistic system of interconnected and interacting components. To questions of primary importance belongs evaluation of stability of modern landscape (including agrarian) and its optimization. As a main complex characteristic and landscape inhomogeneity in a process of agricultural usage serves materials of quantitative and qualitative analysis of agro ecosystems. For this ones use different methods of remote sondage of soils, analysis of soil for agricultural purpose, GIS-technology and other. Usage of modern technologies for space imagery will allow to actualize information of agricultural lands monitoring and effectively solve arising tasks. Article is devoted to definition of indicators of lands condition of agricultural purpose. Accomplished analysis of methodical approaches to analysis of agricultural lands condition, that allows to determine the most prospective ways of usage, gives propositions about application of modern technologies. It is proposed to create a centralized governmental informational resources about lands of agricultural purpose and about these lands as a part of lands of other categories.

The relevance of the problem under investigation is conditioned by the fact that a person in the situation of the disease, especially the disease with a poor prognosis in the first place, transforms the system of the value-meaningful priorities, organizing time perspectives, which are drastically changing its structure and length. The resulting changes of the time perspective in the situation of the disease significantly affect the outcome and quality of life. The aim of the research is to study the dissociation of time perspective of the individual patients with hematological disease. The basic method to study this issue is the experimental method, which allows revealing the specifics of the dissociation of time perspective of the individual patients with oncohematological disease. The research results, obtained by the authors are as follows: the basic element of the time perspective of the individual patients with oncohematological disease is the fatalistic present, which is dissociated from the future and the positive past. Negative past is not dissociated, as it is a source of maintaining the experience of the fatalistic present. The increasing share of the future, its integration into the structure of the time perspective of the individual patients with oncohematological disease will allow activating the productive mechanisms of coping with the disease, which has a prognostic significance in the subjective attitude to their own disease. The paper submissions may be used in the provision of psychological assistance to patients with oncohematological disease.

The urgency of the problem stated in the article is caused by the fact that modern scientific studies show that sustainable neuro-associative connections with the object of addiction arise at chemical addiction. The aim of this study is to examine the features of the reciprocal organization of constructive activities in drug addiction. Study of the constructive activity of patients with drug addiction in comparison with the group in norm was carried out by using the experimental method. The study found a decrease of constructive activity in drug addiction by the characteristics of performance pace and accuracy, regulated by reciprocal and auditory-motor coordination, which, in turn, are also significantly reduced. Reciprocal organization in drug addiction is characterized by impaired proprioceptive kinesthetic afferentation of motor act at safety of outer space organization of movements, lack of differentiation and low handling of movements, movement program disorders, as well as the replacement of the right movements by motor patterns and stereotypes. The obtained results are experimental psychological argument for the need to introduce neuropsychological block in the system of psychotherapeutic impact, which includes the tasks aimed at increasing reciprocal organizations to improve the general level of constructive activity in order to create alternative to the stereotyped models of mental activity and patterns of behavior.

Professional self-effectiveness is a key quality of a modern specialist together with cultural, general professional and professional competences, which are realized in his further activity. But in normative documents regulating preparation of a specialist, this quality is not present. The aim of the article is in working out a conception of personological information-educational system of teaching specialists. The major approach to the investigation of this problem became: instrumental-active, competentive and subadjective approaches which enable us to project a teaching computer program, as well as formulate a conception of personological information-educational system, directed at formulating a professional self-effective specialist when tutoring specialists. The concept of the article may be useful for practical use for specialists and heads of educational-business centers for forming professional self-effectiveness when educating young specialists; for refresher courses and re-training courses; specialists who are interested in increasing personal self-effectiveness.

The relevance of the problem studied in the article is caused by the fact that now the process of reforming the housing and utilities sector in the Republic of Tatarstan continues. Its purpose is to increase the quality of service for public and to protect their legitimate rights and interests. That is why it is one of the aspects of social and economic policy. All mentioned above determines the necessity of implementing energy saving projects and evaluating their efficiency. The purpose of the article is quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of investment project in the field of energy saving with estimation of the risk of its implementation. The leading method to study this problem is the quantitative approach of evaluating the project risks, based on the analysis of sensitivity and project risks scenarios which are calculated by using discount method of its efficiency. Such methods provide the accuracy of the calculations. In the article we made evaluation of economic efficiency in housing and utility sector. We also detected the most critical factors for implementing the projects in the field of energy saving and made quantitative assessment of their influence. We also made the reasonable conclusions about the necessity of risk evaluation by using methods of sensitivity and scenario evaluation. Results of calculating the project efficiency in the field of energy saving and the results of analyzing sensitivity of the factors that influence the project can be useful when implementing similar project.

The relevance of the problem under study is based on the society, economy and job market's demand for workers who possess meta-competencies: comprehensive knowledge, free and critical thinking, readiness for using personal approach in work and establishing the strategy of professional and personal development, as well as capacity for self-actualization. The purpose of the article is to study the technology of forming future workers' meta-competencies by integrating pedagogical and production tasks. Leading method for studying this problem is modelling and integrating pedagogical and production processes allowing to fully consider the technology of modern worker's training as regards forming of meta-competencies. The article presents a model of forming meta-competencies in modern worker's training. The article can be useful for supervisors, mentors and teachers who participate in training modern workers.

The problem under study is acute due to rampant development of electronic education putting forward new demands to the arrangement of professional education of HEI students. The article makes a review of innovative means and technologies contributing to the perfection of instructional design of new-generation electronic educational environment. The work is based on the methods of theoretical and empirical investigations. It elicits and describes main features of teaching innovations having led to the changes in the structure, content and methods, forms and tools of teaching. The article determines the essence of didactic components within the context of teaching innovations and the role of electronic educational environment when they are introduced. The results of the research will be useful for the implementation of system changes in the educational process in conditions of the necessity to meet the requirements of up-to-date Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education.

The relevance of the study is due to the development of a new stage of prevention and the need to justify new educational goals and objectives of the pedagogical prevention of addictive behavior in the educational environment. The purpose of this article is to examine the totality of the necessary and sufficient individual resources, that are protective factors for teenagers from different types of addictions. The leading method of research is the analysis of psychological and educational literature and legal acts in the field of prevention of addictive behavior, psycho diagnostic methods. The paper theoretically justifies the formation of the person's resilience as a task of pedagogical prevention of addictive behavior in the educational environment, shows the results of psychodiagnostics for coping strategies, personal resources and resilience of adolescents, reveals the relationship between the models of coping behavior, the development level of the individual resources and the level of teenagers' resilience. The article presents theoretical and practical significance for teachers, social workers and psychologists involved in the development and implementation of educational programs of addictive behavior prevention in the educational environment.

The relevance of the study is stipulated by the lack of applied technology of basic professional training program for middle level specialists for mastering Federal State Educational Standards, highlighting the integrated result of the development of the educational curricular (general and professional competences, knowledge, skills, experience). Thus, the aim of the research is to develop an effective training model for the new professional educational standards. The leading methods of the research are based on the formation and development of interconnected areas: professional individualization in the complex of special knowledge, skills and abilities; professional socialization in the formation of new mental structures and development of formed qualities in practice. The results of the experimental research implemented in Vyatka Culture College in 2011-2015 were the full course of training for 100 students with the major "Art and Culture". The proposed model connects learning outcomes with the formed-governmental graduate competencies, allowing to carry out professional activities.

The urgency of the problem stated in the article is caused by the need of pedagogical support of students' social adaptation on the basis of systematicity, which is achieved if we correctly define the components of the process. The aim of the article is to determine the pedagogical support components of students' social adaptation. The leading approach underlying the research is a system-based synergetic approach. The selection of components and their layout was carried out on the system-based synergetic approach, mainly from the standpoint of classical theory of systems. The pedagogical support of students' social adaptation includes theoretical and methodological, information-analytical, content-related, technological, management and expert components. The content of each component used in the process of pedagogical support offered in the article ensures the effectiveness of the professional work of teachers, who support students' social adaptation. The data of the article are of theoretical and practical importance for researchers in the sphere of social adaptation of personality, and also for education professionals, who realize the pedagogical support of students' social adaptation in practice.

Inclusive education becomes a social reality and needs to ensure its quality. Preschool age is a sensitive period of the process of personality's socialization and the formation of moral qualities, providing interaction and communication between people pattern, among which are: respect for "otherness", cooperation, support and mutual aid. Training preschool teachers to work in conditions of educational inclusion is an important determinant of the success in educational process in the new environment and socialization of students. Strategic direction in solving this problem is the formation of such an inclusive readiness (Khitryuk, 2013) at the stage of formation of professional thinking and professional competence of a teacher, that is, in a higher education institution. The article analyzes the results of testing of complex pedagogical conditions of the future teachers' readiness to work in the conditions of educational inclusion formation (Khitryuk, 2014; Sharifzyanova, Shtreter & Nauryzbayeva, 2015; Akhmetzyanova, 2014, Nigmatov, 2014, Nigmatullina, 2014), created at the stage of the teaching profession acquisition. The basis of the experimental work were the universities of Belarus (Baranovichi State University, Brest State University named after A.S Pushkin) and Russia (Kazan Federal University), implementing educational programs for future pre-school teachers training. The results of the pilot study confirmed the advanced hypothesis and effectiveness of pedagogical conditions in the formation of the inclusive readiness.

The relevance of the problem under study is based on the necessity to achieve effectiveness of the learning process aimed at forming a competent specialist and ensuring the quality of training of vocational teacher of a certain subject (design). The aim of the article is to provide theoretical substantiation, to elaborate and to test the structural-conceptual model of forming artistic-design competency of vocational design teacher which is important for successful professional activity within the mobile environment of modern production and learning process. The leading approach to studying the problem is the system approach which allows to review the learning process in interdisciplinary interaction that ensures integration of educational subjects' content into a united professional field of activity to contribute to formation of professional competencies of vocational teacher. The structural-conceptual model of forming artistic-design competency of vocational design teacher is presented and includes the following blocks: scientific-methodological which includes fundamentals of social, historical and natural sciences, and practice-oriented including educational activity determined by specific features of designer's activity which requires knowledge and process algorithms that ensure execution of certain artistic and design-creative tasks. The structural-conceptual model is aimed at forming the artistic-design competency of vocational design teachers, ensures effectiveness and quality of students' education, as well as their adaptation to changing environment of professional activity. The materials can be useful for academic researchers and practitioners in the sphere of professional and vocational education, as well as for candidates for a master's degree and students of vocational universities, institutes and faculties.

The article discusses the role and importance of plein-air practice in vocational training of art specialties' students. It analyzes the historical aspect of plein-air drawing in nature origin. It identifies psychophysiological characteristics of visual perception in fine and decorative art. It characterizes methods of artistic perception of reality and educational activity in the conditions of an open-air. It defines methods of creative work in professional and artistic activities, facilitating the development of integral perception and artistic-creative skills. It substantiates the complex of special tasks aimed at the acquisition and development of students' knowledge, abilities and skills of drawing outdoors. It describes the themes of work in plein-air. It comes up with pedagogical conditions of formation of professional skills of art specialties' students in plein-air art space.

The research urgency is caused by necessity to study and develop the phenomenon of students' self-government, providing their vocational formation. In this regard, this paper aims to identify the internal psychological-pedagogical factors for implementing of self-government of the students through the assessment of their personal-typological peculiarities. A leading approach to the study of this problem is activity-based approach, allowing considering of the manifestation of students' personality characteristics within the educational process. The authors present the results of experimental research of internal factors of students' self-government; reveal the specifics for solution of educational tasks in terms of time; identify criteria of successful task performance by the students; theoretically substantiate conditions for manifestation of self-government of college students. The materials of the paper are of practical significance for educators, psychologists, researchers, engaged in the projecting and implementation of learning activities of college students.

This article the article is concerned with a substantiation of procedures ensuring the implementation of statistical research and monitoring of investment development of the Russian regions, which would be pertinent for modern development of the state statistics. The aim of the study is to develop the methodological framework in order to estimate the investment development of regions of Russia, providing an increase in the usage of own resources and an achievement of the objectives of economic development. Basic principles of neo-Keynesian economic theory and methods of statistical analysis (index method, clustering method, taxonomic method) are the methodological basis of the research. Information basis includes analytical materials, expert opinions and statistical data of Federal State Statistics Service on the development of Russian regions. Results of the study: the structure of the investment development of a region as an object of statistical research and the system of statistical indicators characterizing its elements were elucidated; the algorithm of statistical research and monitoring system of investment development of regions of Russia were tested. Conclusions: proposed procedures allowed implementing a monitoring of investment development in Russian regions in 2005-2013. On its basis, Russian regions, which are "points of investment growth", and regions, which use investments for achieving development goals ineffectively were identified. This made it possible to develop and justify practical recommendations for optimizing the allocation of budget investments during the crisis in the Russian economy.

The present study considers issues related to the planning and implementation of the system of pedagogical management of learning activities of students in the context of modern electronic educational environment of the higher education institution. As a methodological basis considered a differentiated approach based on flexible individual learning paths. The study provides the results of the pilot testing of students studying on the faculty "Applied Mathematics and Informatics" carried out to evaluate and determine the degree of influence of pedagogical management in the electronic educational environment on improvement of the quality of professional training of students in the university.

The article demonstrates the application of the modular competence-based approach for the design of a Master degree programme in translation studies. The case study is based on output materials produced during the lifetime of the Tuning Russia project involving a number of Russian universities, one of which is the Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH). The module in question -- the LSP (language for special purposes) translation module -- emphasizes interaction between the related disciplines on the basis of the common subject-matter, i.e. the translation of special purpose texts. The modular approach sets out to achieve key competences required for professional qualifications. In addition, the module considers teaching methods, ECTS and assessment tools. Attention is given to the concept of competence-based approach in contemporary education. The authors argue that the competence-based approach introduced in Russia at the national (Ministerial) level in 2016 facilitates Russia's interactive alignment with the main principles of the Bologna Process adopted by the European Higher Education Area.

This article explores learners' uses and opinions regarding the design and implementation of an approach for developing intercultural knowledge and skills via an online voice-based telecollaboration tool. The participants were 14 pre-service teachers taking an intercultural course for English teachers at a Russian university. For three weeks, they engaged in a multicultural out-of-class telecollaboration with 14 pre-service teachers pursuing an MA degree in foreign language education in the U.S. English was used as a means of interaction. The Russian participants' uses and views regarding the telecollaboration project were gathered through a mixed-method analysis of their oral posts, online questionnaire responses, a whole-class discussion, and individual reflections. The results revealed that the pre-service teachers appreciated the format, timeframe, and facilitation of the project as well as the affordances mediated by the voice-based tool for enabling them to develop their intercultural skills with multicultural partners. The results also indicated that, to maximize student engagement, it is important to consider learners' contextual variables, and their individual preferences and needs when choosing CMC tools and telecollaboration partners. The study concludes with a number of pedagogical suggestions for teachers interested in conducting projects that can raise their students' intercultural awareness via telecollaboration tools.

The purpose of this article is to develop the content and methods, as well as the analysis of the approbation of the program of the academic discipline "History and methodology of mathematics" for graduate students of the Master's program of mathematical program tracks. The leading method in the study of this problem was the method of modeling the work program of the academic discipline "History and methodology of mathematics", as well as the selection and structuring of the system of classes of different types, which allowed us to generate a logically constructed course. The structural model of the curriculum "History and methodology of mathematics" has been developed and presented; the selection and structuring of this course has been carried out, which combines such meaningful lines interwoven with time and history as: 1) history of mathematics, 2) history of mathematical education, 3) philosophy of mathematics, 4) methodology of mathematics; the types of classes on selected topics have been offered; the examples of the successful implementation of creative ideas are given which can be adopted and taken as a basis by other academic researchers. The competent teaching of the academic discipline "History and methodology of mathematics", based on the developed work program with the application of the proposed forms of classes, broadens the scientific horizons of graduate students of mathematical and pedagogical program tracks and allows them to focus on educational, scientific and methodological types of the future professional activity. The materials of the article can be useful for graduate students of mathematical program tracks for teaching university teachers of mathematics.

Purpose: The goal of this article is to conduct macro-level analysis of human capital (HC) development strategies, pursued by four countries commonly referred to as BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). Design/methodology/approach: This analysis is based on comparisons of macro indices of human capital and innovativeness of the economy and a review of related academic literature and government publications. Findings: The study results suggest that in terms of present human capital capacity Russia and Brazil are ahead of China and India. However, during the last decade the governments of the latter two countries have initiated impressive national programs of HC development, which include significant investment and targeted government regulation in such areas as primary and secondary education, vocational education and training, and higher education, especially in science and technology fields. Russia and Brazil have targeted programs in some of the above areas, but lack comprehensive long-term strategies, covering all the above areas and coordinating effort of various agencies and constituencies. Research limitations/implications: It is recommended to expand the scope of analysis to include other fast growing developing economies (e.g. Mexico, Indonesia, and Turkey). Originality/value: The article provides, for the first time, a comparison of human capital development indices and strategies of the four largest developing economies. The original feature of the article is a combination of the analysis of macro-level indices with an in-depth analysis of policy documents and academic literature. (Contains 6 tables.)

The reform of higher education became the subject of sharp debate and public concern in Russia during the current decade. The controversy still exists even if the reforms had been initiated in the early 1990s. By the mid-1990s, their most painful aspects had already become manifest: severe cuts in state funding; deteriorating working conditions of academic staff; a new private sector in education with possibly dubious licensing, accreditation, and diploma value; dismantling of the Soviet system of job assignment and the ensuing unprecedented problem of unemployment among university graduates; and the commercialization of higher education. This article provides perspective by surveying the history of reform in Russian higher education from the first steps undertaken by Peter the Great in establishing the first Russian university in the early eighteenth century through the educational reform enacted during the last years of the Soviet regime. The article identifies three distinct periods; examines the aims and characteristics of reform and their impact on Russian tertiary education; and discusses the issue of continuity from past to current reforms in Russia. (Contains 12 notes.)

This article explores the elaboration of Bolshevik educational policy that was underway in February--October 1917, even before the establishment of the Soviet regime. The initial steps towards formulating this policy were undertaken as soon as the Bolshevik party was legalized under the Provisional Government. In May--June 1917 a reassessment of the party's educational programme was proposed and a school municipal programme was developed. The Bolsheviks addressed seriously the role of propaganda among teachers and supported the organization of the Social Democratic Teachers' Group in Petrograd. Moreover, efforts to implement specific aspects of the Bolshevik programme were undertaken in the Vyborgskii district of Petrograd, where the Bolsheviks controlled the local Duma. The successes and failures of these early attempts to devise a communist educational strategy are scrutinized and assessed here. The study is based on an analysis of the contemporary press, archival materials and published documents. (Contains 127 footnotes.)

Changes in Russian education are described: one-third of children are being educated at home; state universities face dwindling financial support; private institutions are being established; freedom of curriculum design has replaced uniform pedagogical processes; and new forms of higher education are emerging. (SK)

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The problems of exploitation of technological windows of opportunity are of particular scientific and practical interest in terms of the development of Russia's national economy, and the Arctic region, which has a strong mineral and raw materials potential, is important in terms of its use for achieving the technological and national security of the Russian state. Considering this, the study of the theoretical and methodical aspects of the development of emerging technological windows of opportunity is important and relevant for the regions of the Russian Arctic zone. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential and reserves for exploitation of the emerging technological windows of opportunity during the deployment of a new technological order by mobilizing material and human capital in the Arctic regions. Methodological tools for the study of this problem included dynamic series analysis, structural analysis, comparison, description, descriptive statistics, crosscorrelation analysis, production function model and its visualization. An analytical review of scientific publications, a set of tools and methods of research, allowed to obtain the following scientific results: A significant variability in the contribution of science-intensive and high-tech industry to the formation of gross value added in the Arctic region has been revealed; meanwhile, we can note stable dynamics of the contribution of the Arctic economy to the gross domestic product (GRP) of Russia as a whole. There is a steady excess of the productivity index over the Russian average, which can be regarded as a potential for growth of high-tech components of labor in the development of the economy of the Arctic region. There is a negative statistically significant relationship between the share of the gross regional product of the Arctic in the Russian GRP and the share of gross value added (GVA) of science-intensive products in the Arctic GRP, which can be regarded as a factor preventing the exploitation of the emerging technological windows of opportunity. The construction of a model of production function of technological windows of opportunities for the Arctic zone of Russia pointed to the presence of potential in the exploitation of emerging technological windows in the Arctic zone of Russia in the development of human capital through the activation and use of high labor productivity, creating high-performance jobs. The results of the study, its findings and its proposals can be used in the development, monitoring and implementation of state federal and regional programs and projects aimed at improving the level of technology and science intensity of production in the Arctic zone, improving its competitiveness, which is highly important for the national economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Stolichnaya praktika is proposed as a new political technology of government. • It enables centralization of power in cowntemporary hybrid and authoritarian regimes. • It explains how regional actors are made to comply with central state political goals. • It operates through an invitation to emulate centrally empowered policies. • Stolichnaya praktika is elaborated based on the case of housing renovation in Russia. This paper develops the concept of stolichnaya praktika ('capital practice') to understand how centralized power is maintained in contemporary authoritarian and hybrid regimes that face the dual challenges of protracted economic crisis (which limits their use of traditional patronage mechanisms) and the necessity of maintaining a democratic guise (which limits their use of force). The concept is derived from the experience of Russia, where, since the onset of a prolonged economic crisis in 2014, centralization of power is increasingly maintained by demanding that regional elites compete for symbolic—rather than financial—resources for implementing policies. Central authorities instrumentalize Moscow's expertise, packaging it as a resource available to the regions. Through a case study of the Moscow Housing Renovation program and its proposed federal expansion, the paper conceptualizes stolichnaya praktika as a technology of government that relies on the interplay of the capital and federal scales, simultaneously constructing Moscow's exceptionalism and reviving the perception of a caring and paternalistic federal state. By seeming to extend an invitation to the regions to emulate the capital, stolichnaya praktika provides top-down policies with a semblance of voluntarism, while actually reinforcing regional dependencies. This study contributes to the burgeoning scholarship on authoritarian urbanism, by shifting empirical attention away from spectacular mega-projects in capital cities to demonstrate how basic urban service provisioning serves as a tool of authoritarian governance, and by excavating how central authorities make regional actors comply with, and locally implement, the center's political development goals in and through the field of urbanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of computer visualization techniques as well as virtual and augmented reality has led to the possibility of perfect data visualization and the creation of a special virtual space for educating new generation. Simultaneously, the increase in the amount of data to be processed requires a proper selection and presentation of data for solving specific problems. Education sets such tasks as 1) improving the efficiency of presenting information and its assimilation by students, and 2) increasing the convenience and quality of the teachers' work. The purpose of this study is to test an acceleration and improvement of the teacher's response to students studying with more productive visualized learning material. Meanwhile, the created visualization system was based on minimizing the efforts and costs of its preparation and constant support. Only free cloud-based services and visualization tools were used. Students were given the opportunity to constantly, in real time control their learning process and create education markers with the help of perspicuous visual environment. To create a visualization system, already existing works on the implementation and verification of the system was used. The study was based on the results of applying this technology. A survey of 300 students from three universities in China, Russia and Kazakhstan was conducted. The control group consisted of 150 students from the same universities who did not use visualization to master the same educational material. According to the results of the study, students who used information visualization showed a sharp increase in the subjective assessment of the speed and quality of their learning (58.58% and 37.73%, respectively, of the total number of participants gave a high rating, while in the control group -- only12.25%). Further, the level of anxiety associated with an assimilation of new language material was significantly decreased (13.54% in the study group did not feel anxiety, while only 7% -- in the control group). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence and characteristics of hypermucoviscous (HV) strains among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in Russian hospitals were investigated. The HV strains accounted for 11% of the K. pneumoniae isolates collected in the period from 2011 to 2016, and were characterized as belonging to the K1, K2, K20 and K57 serotypes. Whole genome sequences (WGSs) of K. pneumoniae HV clinical strains KPi261 (SCPM-O-B-7850) and KPB4010 (SCPM-O-B-7846) belonging to the K1 and K2 capsular types, as well as WGSs of K. pneumoniae strain KPM9 (SCPM-O-B-7749) of the K20 capsular type isolated from freshwater, were completed. The final draft genome sequences of KPi261, KPB4010 and KPM9 strains consisted of 5 719 189, 5 431 785 and 5 427 926 bp with 57.0, 57.1 and 57.4% GC content, respectively. The chromosomal and plasmid genes associated with K. pneumoniae virulence including the capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene cluster, mucoid phenotype regulator rmpA and transcriptional activator rmpA2, the all operon associated with allantoin metabolism, the kfu operon involved in iron uptake, the aerobactin-producing system iucABCDiutA, and the iron-transport systems iroBCDN and fecIRA were detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russia-Ukraine conflict represents a humanitarian crisis and causes several socio-economic consequences, being Russia a key supplier of energy and food commodities. After a few weeks of war, the prices of the essential goods, already increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, have continued to boost. The present research applies the material flow analysis to assess the sustainability of the artisan bread production, comparing a baseline and a war scenario, before and during the aforementioned conflict, and estimates the economic costs associated with natural and energy resources. The analysis is based on primary data collected through semi-structured interviews among nine artisan bakeries and secondary data collected before and during the conflict. The economic assessment, which is applied to enhance the environmental management of sociometabolic systems, is conducted on the entire artisan bread produced in Italy in 2021 and the system boundaries consider a cradle-to-gate approach. The highest upsurge in input costs has been estimated in electricity (+400%), N fertilizer (+233%) and K 2 O (+152%). The average input cost variation has been evaluated at +232%. Possible opportunities to support production costs include the adoption of an alternative bread recipe, which reduces the supply of impacting resources without affecting the quality of the finished product, as well as the introduction of structural interventions to lower energy costs. The research could help both artisan bakers, to better manage resources, waste and related impacts under the economic and the environmental perspective, and public authorities, to define appropriate strategies to sustain the bread sector. Last, the research provides scholars with an original analysis of the economic costs in the artisan bread production, highlighting its suitability to evaluate the supply chain sustainability from cradle to gate. • The research explores the Italian artisan bread supply chain during the Russia-Ukraine war. • System boundaries include wheat farming, milling process and bread production. • Highest upsurge in input cost regards electricity (+400%) and N fertilizer (+233%). • Input costs could be reduced by adopting an alternative bread recipe. • Structural interventions by the EU to lower energy costs are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication is devoted to development of neogothic architecture in Russian Empire. The little-known facts concerning features of a shaping of architectural forms in neogothic stylistic of the XIX century are considered. The comparative analysis of domestic and foreign monuments of architecture of neogothic style is carried out. Features of development of neogothic park pavilions and utility constructions are accented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is dedicated to the creation of the atriums in the historical centre of Saint-Petersburg for improving the quality of courtyards. Since 19 century Saint-Petersburg was built mostly with brick buildings along the perimeter of allotments with founding one or several courtyards. “Well-like” courtyards of historical buildings of Saint-Petersburg have typically a lack of illumination and insolation, are badly ventilated and are often transformed into parking lots for inhabitants. Possibility of glassing of “well-like” courtyards is analyzed from the viewpoint of historical buildings protection regulation of Saint-Petersburg and norms of insolation and illumination of the dwelling buildings, basing on the actual experience in the creation of atriums in Saint-Petersburg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to preserve architectural heritage of historical and cultural value is getting more and more significant. At the same time it is very important to develop environment dynamically to sustain life activities in general. The article deals with the revitalization method with the purpose to preserve and restore historical landmarks, which assign a new function - to expand areas and adjust historical buildings to modern requirements. The projects of historical buildings in the cities Nis (Serbia) and Saint-Petersburg (Russia) were considered as examples herein. Revitalization was presented as a method of how to convert life-sustaining environment in the context of preservation and promotion concerning cultural value of historical buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]