1. Sensitive testing of plasma HIV-1 RNA and Sanger sequencing of cellular HIV-1 DNA for the detection of drug resistance prior to starting first-line antiretroviral therapy with etravirine or efavirenz.
- Author
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Geretti AM, Conibear T, Hill A, Johnson JA, Tambuyzer L, Thys K, Vingerhoets J, and Van Delft Y
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alkynes, Benzoxazines therapeutic use, Cyclopropanes, DNA, Viral isolation & purification, Europe, Female, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Humans, Israel, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests methods, Middle Aged, Nitriles, Pyridazines therapeutic use, Pyrimidines, RNA, Viral isolation & purification, Russia, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, DNA, Viral genetics, Drug Resistance, Genotyping Techniques methods, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 genetics, RNA, Viral genetics
- Abstract
Objectives: This study investigated strategies that may increase the yield of drug resistance testing prior to starting antiretroviral therapy (ART), and whether transmitted and polymorphic resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) correlated with virological outcomes., Methods: We carried out retrospective testing of baseline samples from patients entering the SENSE trial of first-line ART in Europe, Russia and Israel. Prior to randomization to etravirine or efavirenz plus two nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), plasma samples underwent routine Sanger sequencing of HIV-1 RT and protease ((plasma)SS) in order to exclude patients with transmitted RAMs. Retrospectively, Sanger sequencing was repeated with HIV-1 DNA from baseline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCSS); baseline plasma samples were retested by allele-specific PCR targeting seven RT RAMs (AS-PCR) and ultra-deep RT sequencing (UDS)., Results: By (plasma)SS, 16/193 (8.3%) patients showed ≥ 1 transmitted RAM affecting the NRTIs (10/193, 5.2%), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (4/193, 2.1%) or protease inhibitors (2/193, 1.0%). No additional RAMs were detected by AS-PCR (n = 152) and UDS (n = 24); PBMCSS (n = 91) yielded two additional samples with one RAM each. Over 48 weeks, 4/79 (5.1%) patients on etravirine and 7/78 (9.0%) on efavirenz experienced virological failure; none had baseline RAMs. Conversely, 11/79 (13.9%) patients randomized to etravirine had one polymorphic RAM from the etravirine score in baseline plasma (V90I, V106I or E138A), without any impact on virological outcomes., Conclusions: The detection of resistance increased marginally with PBMC testing but did not increase with sensitive plasma testing. A careful consideration is required of the cost-effectiveness of different strategies for baseline HIV drug resistance testing.
- Published
- 2014
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