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Hydrogeochemical monitoring has been implemented at a mud volcano for the first time in the world. Measurements were carried out during the field season of 2015 at five gryphons of the South Sakhalin mud volcano with various degrees of activity. Statistically significant differences in the chemical compositions of mud-volcano waters from different gryphons are established. These differences are determined by the activity of the gryphons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work briefly discusses the main features of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Special attention is paid to the identification and quantification of uncertainties related to seismic source characteristics and seismic engineering models for prediction of strong ground motions. The principal seismic models and the results of PSHA application for detailed seismic zoning of urban territories in Sakhalin Island are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the geodynamic formation settings of igneous rocks found at Sakhalin Island in Sakhalinskaia oblast, Russia using petrochemical method. The efficiency of the petrochemical method in constructing geodynamic formation settings of magma-generating structures and igneous rocks was tested at Shmidt terrane. Results show that the Lower Cretaceous-Paleogene igneous rocks are largely represented at the continental basalt varieties with characteristic of volcanic belts, island arc rocks and trappes formed underwater. Rocks found at Elizavetinskaya, Western Shmidt, Promezhutochnaya, and Eastern Shmidt were also tested.