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This article explores the economic value of vaccines in developing countries, with a focus on Brazil. Vaccines are crucial for controlling infectious diseases, particularly in areas with poor sanitation. Brazil has implemented a national immunization program that provides free vaccines to all citizens. The country purchases vaccines from domestic public vaccine production institutes at low prices, with the Butantan Institute in São Paulo being the largest producer. Unlike other developing countries, Brazil relies on public sector institutions for vaccine production rather than private for-profit companies. The Butantan Institute has employed various methods to obtain new vaccine technology, including technology transfer from developed countries, independent development, and partnerships with other manufacturers in less developed countries. The national immunization program in Brazil has been highly successful, and the Butantan Institute continues to work on developing new vaccines to further improve public health. [Extracted from the article]