Search

We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the soluble isoforms of amyloid precursor protein (APP; sAPPα sAPPβ) and other CSF biomarkers in 107 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy body dementia (DLB), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and normal controls (NC) using commercial kits. DLB and PDD were combined in a Lewy body dementia group (LBD). No differences were observed in sAPPα and sAPPβ levels between the groups. Significant correlations were observed between sAPPα and sAPPβ and between sAPPβ and Mini-Mental State Examination scores in the total group analysis as well as when LBD and AD groups were analyzed separately. sAPPα and sAPPβ levels correlated with Aβ38, Aβ40, Aβ42, and Tau in the LBD group. In AD, sAPPα correlated with p-Tau and sAPPβ with Aβ40. The differential association between sAPPα and sAPPβ with Aβ and Tau species between LBD and AD groups suggests a possible relationship with the underlying pathologies in LBD and AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary. Between 1993 and 2001, 318 children were diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in the Nordic countries. The patient group comprised 237 children < 15 years of age with de novo AML, 42 children < 15 years with Down syndrome (DS) and de novo AML, 18 adolescents 15–18 years of age with de novo AML, and 21 children < 15 years with treatment-related AML (t-AML). The first group was all-inclusive, yielding an annual childhood de novo AML incidence of 0·7/100 000. Cytogenetic analyses were successful in 288 cases (91%), and clonal chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 211 (73%). The distribution of ploidy levels were pseudodiploidy (55%), hyperdiploidy (34%) and hypodiploidy (11%). The most common aberrations (> 2%) were + 8 (23%) (as a sole change in 6·2%), 11q23-translocations, including cryptic MLL rearrangements (22%) [t(9;11)(p21–22;q23) in 11%], t(8;21)(q22;q22) (9·0%), inv(16)(p13q22) (6·2%), -7/7q– (5·2%), and t(15;17)(q22;q12) (3·8%). Except for +8, these abnormalities were rare in group 2; only one DS patient had a t(8;21) and none had 11q23-translocations, t(15;17) or inv(16). In the t-AML group, three cases displayed 11q23-rearrangements, all t(9;11); and there were no t(8;21), t(15;17) or inv(16). Overall, the observed frequencies of t(8;21) and t(15;17) were lower, and frequencies of trisomy 8 and 11q23-translocations higher, than in previous studies. Furthermore, seven abnormalities that were previously reported as only single AML cases were also seen, meaning that der(4)t(4;11)(q26–27;q23), der(6)t(1;6)(q24–25;q27), der(7)t(7;11)(p22;q13), inv(8)(p23q11–12), t(11;17)(p15;q21), der(16)t(10;16)(q22;p13) and der(22)t(1;22)(q21;q13) are now classified as recurrent abnormalities in AML. In addition, 37 novel aberrations were observed, 11 of which were sole anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Food may induce inflammation and favor development of metabolic diseases, which have been associated with increased inflammation and potential risk of cognitive impairment. It is customary to know whether food or disease promote inflammation. Our hypothesis was that Okinawan-based Nordic (O-BN) diet leads to decreased circulating concentrations of inflammatory and neural biomarkers. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of the O-BN diet on inflammatory and neural responses. First, 2 different breakfasts; one standard and another O-BN-based, were given in random order to 19 healthy volunteers. Second, a 12-week O-BN-dietary intervention was performed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), where the participants were followed for another 16-weeks, with registration of anthropometry and metabolic parameters. Non-diabetic subjects served as controls at baseline. Plasma was analyzed for cytokines by a 10-plex Luminex assay and neurofilament light (NfL) by an ultrasensitive Single molecule assay. Cytokine levels decreased after a single breakfast intake, independent of diet composition. Cytokine levels were higher in T2DM than in controls. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were improved by the dietary intervention. In parallel, cytokine levels were lowered, although only significantly for IL-18 (P =.001), with a tendency of significance for IL-12p70 (P =.07). Levels of IL-18 correlated with glucose, HbA1c and lipids, but not with body mass index, insulin or blood pressure. NfL levels increased during the intervention (P =.049). O-BN-based diet does not affect postprandial cytokine levels in health, whereas it renders decreased circulating IL-18 levels along with metabolic biomarkers in T2DM, with no beneficial effect on NfL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]