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Research was conducted on the European hare (Lepus europaeus Pall.), one of the most numerous and important small game species both in Europe and in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of the research was to examine the possibility of modifying the standard method, which is a standard in the Republic of Serbia, for determining the age of hares based on the mass of their lenses in order to shorten its duration. Additionally, the goal was to investigate whether there was a difference in the age structure determined by the standard and modified methods. For the purpose of processing and analyzing samples, a total of 410 hare heads were collected from hunting grounds in Central Serbia and Vojvodina, and only heads with intact lenses of both eyes (399) were included in the analysis, resulting in the examination of 798 lenses. It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference in the lens mass between the standard and modified methods, both for age categories of hares up to one year and over one year. High correlation coefficients were found, indicating a strong relationship between the lens mass obtained by the standard and modified methods within both age categories. Furthermore, the real growth rates of hares determined by the standard and modified methods were equal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important hunting game species found in majority of established hunting grounds in the Republic of Serbia are roe deer, wild boar and hare. The objective of this paper is to determine abundance, shooting rate and income generated by managing mentioned game populations in Serbia. On the basis of data of the Republican Bureau of Statistics of Serbia the records on abundance and shooting rate in game species in the 2011-2021 period were collected. The value of shot animals has been determined both on the basis of market pricelist of the Hunting Association of Serbia for the 2021/22 hunting year and according to the structure of animals shot per certain game categories obtained in previous research. Shooting rate realized in relation to overall roe deer abundance in 2021 was 7.90% with the shooting value reaching 1,106,724 euros. Wild boar abundance index recorded population growth of even 33.53% in 2021 and percentage of population utilization accounted for 63.83% while value of shooting reached 834,509 euros being three times higher than the income of shooting established in 2011. Hare population abundance has recorded a drastic fall and this decreasing trend has been reflected also in a reduced shooting rate thus in 2021 the value of shooting rate of hare was 676,625 euros. The results of the analysis of abundance, shooting rate and trends regarding their values make a basis for indicating a direction of improvement and the measures to enhance the management of these game species populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Heavy metals such as lead and cadmium are pollutants and can be found in different biotopes. Hares, due to their natural habitat, numbers, range and choice of food are good bioindicators of the occurrence of heavy metals. Vojvodina, northern province of Republic of Serbia, has intensive agriculture with about 77.8% of agricultural land. In such agricultural biotope, we discovered that out of the two studied heavy metals in the liver of hare's it seems that the occurrence of lead is more of the importance. In the majority of locations the cadmium concentrations were in the permitted level by Serbian legislative. However, the situation with the occurrence of lead was completely different. Only on the two out of seventeen locations average concentrations were in the permitted level. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of two heavy metals, lead and cadmium, in European hare liver samples, collected in agro biotope of northern Serbian province Vojvodina. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) do not have any biological function in the animal body; however, they can be found due to the pollution in the environment. For the purpose of this study, in 196 samples from 17 different locations hare livers were analyzed for the occurrence of lead and cadmium. All samples were taken from hares harvested during the regular hunting season. The average value for lead in all analyzed samples was 884 µg/kg fresh weight (fw), with the range 59–3700 µg/kg fw. Only samples from two locations had the average concentration of lead which was within the permitted limit by the Serbian regulation. The average cadmium level in all samples was 243 µg/kg fw. The range of all samples was from 0 to 1414 µg/kg fw. Our research indicates that out of two investigated heavy metals, the occurrence of lead is more common and at a higher concentration in the agricultural development region of Vojvodina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the change in the value of morpho-metric parameters of antlers and the total trophy score in relation to the age of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.). The study was conducted on 228 roe deer trophies from the "Barajevska reka" hunting ground in Serbia, aged one to seven years. From the second to the fourth year, the growth of antlers was the most intense, and the differences compared to one year old animals were significant (P <0.001). The highest average length of the branches was monitored in six years old animals (22.4 ± 2.05 cm), with significant differences (P <0.001) compared to younger animals, except for the three years old animals (P>0.05). From the second to the fifth year, a gradual increase in antler weight (from 192.2 ± 30.41 g to 221.9 ± 61.86 g) and antler volume (from 74 cm3 to 90 cm3) was observed, with the highest values of antler weight (291.8 ± 58.43 g and 319.1 ± 98.89 g, respectively) and antler volume (123.8 cm3 and 121.2 cm3) in six and seven year old animals. Overall trophy scores increased from year one to year seven (42.6 ± 7.86 vs 97.4 ± 27.40), with differences in trophy scores for animals aged six and seven years significantly greater than for animals aged one to five years (P <0.001). The highest quality antlers have six and seven year olds, at which time their hunting should be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We investigated early diagenetic processes of the extractable organic matter from the Miocene freshwater sequence, which consists of coal fragments in clays, sandstones and shales alternating with continuous brown coal layers. We examined eight coals, thirteen sediments and three non-coaly underground layers. The molecular assemblages of the identified aliphatic hydrocarbons in the Krepoljin Basin reflect the abundance of plant taxa as precursors or participants in the early diagenetic stage. The data provide insight into the conditions prevailing in the lakes and bogs during early diagenesis. The dominance of diterpanes indicates that the prevalent of the organic matter was of gymnosperous origin. The hopanoid contents are considered to reflect microbial activity. That the organic matter in the Miocene Krepoljin Coal Basin is immature was confirmed by the presence of biolipids such as ββ-hopanes, C27 17 β (H)-trisnorhopanе. Saturated and aromatized abietanes, pimaranes and phyllocladanes, the most abundant compounds in all samples, indicate a predominantly higher plant input related to the Coniferous group, but identification of the individual plant families was not possible. β-Amyrin and other triterpenoid-derived triaromatic and triaromatic C-ring cleaved hydrocarbons with triterpenoid structures are thought to be characteristic for angiosperms. Unsaturated compounds, Δ2-triterpanes, early intermediaries in the diagenetic transformation of angiosperms also indicate a low degree of sediment maturity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Background/aim: Acinetobacter spp. has emerged as nosocomial pathogen during the past few decades in hospitals all over the world, but it has increasingly been implicated as a serious nosocomial pathogen in military hospitals. The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the surveillance data on Acinetobacter nosocomial colonization/infection (NCI) collected during the wartime with the data collected in peacetime., Methods: We conducted a prospective study of incidence of Acinetobacter spp. colonization/infection. Also, the two nested case-control studies were conducted. The patients with nosocomial infection (cases) were compared with those with nosocomial colonization (controls) during the two different periods, wartime and peacetime. The patients with NCI by Acinetobacter spp. were identified by the case-based surveillance. The surveillance covered all the patients in 6 surgical clinics., Results: During the study periods a total of 166 patients had cultures that grew Acinetobacter spp. and the pooled rates of Acinetobacter spp. colonization and infection were significantly higher in wartime. When patients with NCI in wartime were compared with those with NCI in peacetime significant differences were observed. In the war year, the patients were more significantly males (p < 0.000). In a period of peace, most of the colonization/infections were reported from patients with certain chronic diseases (p = 0.020) and the survival of patients was more significant (p = 0.049). During the peacetime, proportions of Acinetobacter isolates resistent to ciprofloksacin, imipenem and meropenem were significantly higher (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: This study provides additional important information about the risk factors of nosocomial Acinetobacter spp. infections in a large cohort of surgical patients. This is also the first study that directly examines epidemiological differences between NCI caused by Acinetobacter spp. during the war and peace period.