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Background The health of the elderly is one of the major challenges in todays ageing society. However, research on infectious diseases among the elderly is limited. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics and dynamics of infectious diseases among the elderly population aged ≥60 years in Shandong province, China. Methods Incidence data for infectious diseases were collected from the Shandong Multi-Center Healthcare Big Data Platform from January 2013 to June 2017, which involved 550 432 elderly persons. We compared the incidence of each infectious disease and disease category, stratified by age, gender, and region. Annual percentage change (APC) was estimated using logarithmic linear regression to examine the incidence trends. Poisson regression was conducted to identify the effect of demographic factors on incidence, with incidence rate ratio (IRR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated. Results A total of 27 595 cases of 102 infectious diseases were reported during the study period, with an overall incidence of 1425.51/100 000 person-years. The most common infectious diseases were respiratory and mucocutaneous diseases among the elderly persons, with annual increases of 17.45% and 20.44%, respectively (both P<0.05). In rural areas, the incidence of respiratory, gastrointestinal, blood- and sex-transmitted, and mucocutaneous infections increased significantly, with APCs of 178.52%, 204.66%, 28.24%, 63.01%, respectively (all P<0.05). Elderly males had a higher risk of infections than that of females, with the highest IRRa of 2.94 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.89, 3.00) in respiratory diseases. The elderly aged 85-89 years had a much higher risk of respiratory diseases than those aged 60-64 years (IRRa = 9.85, 95%CI: 9.39, 10.33); however, the risk of blood- and sex-transmitted diseases was highest among the elderly aged 65-69 years (IRRa = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.45). Conclusions Ageing population are facing a substantial challenge on infectious diseases. More attention should be paid to infections with significant growth. Targeted strategies and measures on elderly persons in different regions and subgroups are urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]