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Background and Objectives: Chinese women in rural areas who are currently >=55 years old have experienced extreme undernutrition during their childbearing age. Their specific experiences provided us with a natural quasiexperimental field for assessing the effects of consuming eggs to obtain nutrients during the childbearing period on preventing nonfatal coronary events (NCE) during the postmenopausal period in the framework of life course epidemiology.Methods and Study Design: A population-based matched case-control design for NCE was conducted in Yiyuan County, Shandong Province, China. In this study, 462 women with NCE (cases; onset age >=55 years) were included from the Active Surveillance System for Chronic Diseases, and 462 age-matched women without NCE and stroke (controls) from the same village were included. Conditional logistic model analysis was used to determine the association between egg intake and NCE during the postmenopausal period in 3 specific life-periods, namely age 18 to 49 years (childbearing period), age 50 years to NCE onset (perimenopausal and postmenopausal period), and age 18 years to NCE onset (total period).Results: We found that >=12 eggs vs. 0 egg intake per month under extreme undernutrition status during childbearing period exhibited a strong preventive effect against NCE during the postmenopausal period (OR=0.588, 95% CI=0.358-0.964). The window of protective effect was in the age 28 to 49 years, suggesting a critical period model of life course epidemiology.Conclusions: Egg intake under extreme undernutrition status during the childbearing period plays a critical role in preventing NCE during the postmenopausal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]