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Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella is a global public health problem. Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- (S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-), a monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhmurium, is one of the leading Salmonella serovars in several countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of antibiotic resistance to this serovar in China through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nineteen eligible studies during 2011–2021 were included. A total of 4514 isolates from humans, animals, foods, and the environment were reported, which mainly concerned isolates found in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, and Shanghai. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled resistance rate of S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-. Rates were found to be very high (values ≥ 75%) for tetracycline, ampicillin, sulfisoxazole, and streptomycin; high (50–75%) for nalidixic acid, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, and chloramphenicol; and moderate (25–50%) for trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, trimethoprim, and gentamicin. The rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftazidime, and colistin were low (values ≤ 25%), but of great concern in terms of their current clinical importance. Furthermore, a high multidrug resistance rate (86%, 95% CI: 78–92%) was present in S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-, with the ASSuT pattern largely dominating. Subgroup analysis results showed that the high heterogeneity of resistance rates was not entirely dependent on isolated sources. Taken together, the severity of antibiotic resistance in S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- urgently requires the rational use of antibiotics in future infection control and antibiotic stewardship programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The strains of the same ST type share a common lineage and belong to the same clade in the SNP evolutionary tree. • Different L monocytogenes isolates and different ST types exhibit variations in growth characteristics, biofilm formation, and motility. • The motility and expression of fbpA , motA and motB of strains belonging to lineage Ⅱ were significantly higher than those belonging to lineage Ⅰ. • The swimming and swarming ability of strains derived from food were significantly higher than those from clinical sources. Listeria monocytogenes is a common foodborne pathogen that frequently causes global outbreaks. In this study, the growth characteristics, biofilm formation ability, motility ability and whole genome of 26 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food and clinical samples in Shanghai (China) from 2020 to 2022 were analyzed. There are significant differences among isolates in terms of growth, biofilm formation, motility, and gene expression. Compared with other sequence type (ST) types, ST1930 type exhibited a significantly higher maximum growth rate, the ST8 type demonstrated a stronger biofilm formation ability, and the ST121 type displayed greater motility ability. Furthermore, ST121 exhibited significantly high mRNA expression levels compared with other ST types in virulence genes mpl , fbpA and fbpB , the quorum sensing gene luxS , starvation response regulation gene relA , and biofilm adhesion related gene bapL. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses indicated the isolates of lineage I were mostly derived from clinical, and the isolates of lineage II were mostly derived from food. The motility ability, along with the expression of genes associated with motility (motA and motB), exhibited a significantly higher level in lineage II compared with lineage I. The isolates from food exhibited significantly higher motility ability compared with isolates from clinical. By integrating growth, biofilm formation, motility phenotype with molecular and genotyping information, it is possible to enhance comprehension of the association between genes associated with these characteristics in L. monocytogenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish and shellfish contain nutrients essential for fetal health, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The concern of mercury (Hg) pollution limits fish consumption among women in pregnancy, which could adversely affect child development. This study aimed to conduct risk-benefit assessment and provide recommendations for fish intake by pregnant women in Shanghai, China. Secondary analysis was conducted using cross-sectional data from a representative sample of the Shanghai Diet and Health Survey (SDHS) (2016–2017), China. Dietary intakes of Hg and DHA + EPA were calculated from the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) on fish items and 24hr recall record. Raw fish samples (59 common species of fish in Shanghai) were purchased in local markets and their concentrations of DHA, EPA and Hg were measured. Net IQ points gain was used to evaluate the health risk and benefit at a population level by FAO/WHO model. Recommended fish (i.e., high- DHA + EPA and low-level MeHg) were defined, and then the proportion of those hit 5.8 IQ points were simulated with their consumption frequency for 1, 2 and 3 times per week. The average consumption of fish and shellfish was 66.24 g/d among pregnant women in Shanghai. The mean concentrations of Hg and EPA + DHA in fish species most commonly consumed in Shanghai were 0.179 mg/kg and 0.374 g/100 g, respectively. Only 1.4% of the population exceeded the MeHg reference dose of 0.1 μg/kg·bw/d, whereas 81.3% of those who did not meet the recommended daily intakes of 250 mg EPA + DHA. In FAO/WHO model, the proportion of 28.4% reached the maximum IQ points gain. Along with the increase of "recommended fish" consumed, the simulated values of the proportion raised to 74.5, 87.3 and 91.9%, respectively. The pregnant women in Shanghai, China had an adequate fish consumption with low-level Hg exposure, but balancing the benefits of fish intake and risk of potential Hg exposure was still a challenge. It is necessary to define a local level of "recommended fish" consumption for developing dietary recommendations for pregnant women. • Fifty-nine species of fish, nearly covering all commonly consumed fish in Shanghai, were collected and detected. • The pregnant women in Shanghai, China had a low-level MeHg exposure, but most did not reach an adequate intake of n-3 PUFAs. • We set up a list of "recommended fish" and it is necessary to develop dietary recommendations for women in pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human listeriosis is a foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes contamination. Most cases occur due to consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods. Stewed meat in seasoning, a type of pre-packaged ready-to-eat (RTE) food, is a popular traditional product in China. We used whole genome sequencing to analyze core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), serogroups and multilocus typing sequence typing (ST) of 67 L. monocytogenes isolates. The L. monocytogenes serogroup IIb-ST5 was predominantly isolated from different sources and linked to stewed meat in seasoning of Brand A, B, and C with <7 allelic differences by cgMLST, suggesting that this kind of food may be a high-risk food causing sporadic cases of listeriosis. Furthermore, L. monocytogenes isolates from different batches of stewed meat in seasoning products processed in the same processing plant had <5 five allelic differences, confirming that contamination occurred during manufacture. Additionally, 16 L. monocytogenes isolates from Plant A were the same clone (0 allelic difference), which confirmed the strong ability of L. monocytogenes to survive in the processing environment. Thus, increased and frequent monitoring, as well as constant technical support for the control of L. monocytogenes in food processing plants is necessary. • Stewed meat in seasoning products are popular traditional food in China. • cgMLST was used to analyze L. monocytogenes isolates. • Contamination by L. monocytogenes isolates occurred during processing. • Increased, frequent monitoring, and technical support would reduce contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]