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The teacher–child relationship is a key element in measuring the quality of childcare institutions and is essential to the current and future physical and mental developmental outcomes of children. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of private preschool teachers' readiness to teach in influencing the teacher–child relationship, and to explore the mechanisms by which teachers' motivation and self-efficacy mediate their readiness to teach and the teacher–child relationship. Online questionnaires were administered to 289 early-childhood teachers in Shanghai, China. The findings of the study indicated a significant and positive correlation between early-childhood teachers' readiness to teach and the quality of the teacher–child relationship. In addition, early-childhood teachers' internal motivation to teach and self-efficacy mediated their readiness to teach and the teacher–child relationship, respectively. However, teachers' external motivation did not mediate the effect of teaching readiness on the quality of the teacher–child relationship. Moreover, teachers' motivation to teach (encompassing both internal and external factors) and their self-efficacy played chained roles in mediating the relationships between teaching readiness and the teacher–child relationship. This study highlights the significant roles of teaching readiness and instructional motivation, along with self-efficacy, in cultivating positive teacher–child relationships within early-childhood education settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and surgical outcomes of pediatric congenital first branchial cleft anomalies (CFBCAs). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 100 children who were referred to Shanghai Children's Hospital from March 2014 to March 2022 for the treatment of CFBCAs. Results: This study included 100 patients (33 males, 67 females) with an average age of 4.0 ± 2.7 years. 64 cases were type I FBCAs and 36 were type II. The main clinical manifestations included having a skin pit or discharge from it (62%), painless masses (5%), mucopurulent otorrhea (8%) and recurrent swelling with pain (90%) in the Pochet's triangle area. 92% had infection histories, 84% had incision and drainage histories, and 18% had surgical histories. 6 cases of tympanic membranous attachment were found by auricular endoscopy. Ultrasonography (US) was 55.6% (30/54) accurate and enhanced CT was 75% (75/100) accurate in diagnosing CFBCAs. We dissected the facial nerve (FN) in 46% cases. Lesions ended in the external auditory canal (EAC) wall in 86 cases. 69 exhibited close relationship with the parotid. The patients were followed up 0.25–8.2 years. 11 had postoperative temporary facial paralysis and all improved within 6 months. 3 had recurrence and they were secondarily successfully retreated. No EAC stenosis were found. Conclusions: CFBCAs often presented with repeated swelling and purulence in Pochet's triangle. CT, US and auricular endoscopy can assist in diagnosis and planning the surgical strategy. Complete excision in non-infection stage as soon as possible is the first choice for the treatment of CFBCAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies suggested that thyroid function in the first trimester of gestation played an important role in fetal growth. However, limited clinical data are available to support this relationship in the second trimester of gestation.Objective: We examined the relationship of maternal thyroid function parameters in early second trimester of gestation with birth outcomes in China.Methods: Participating 5016 mother-infant pairs were recruited from the Songjiang District Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai, China, between July and December 2016. Linear regression assessed the associations of thyroid hormones with birthweight. Logistic regression tested the correlations between thyroid hormones and low birthweight, macrosomia, small for gestational age , and large for gestational age infants. Maternal serum TSH, TT3, TT4, FT3, and FT4 concentrations were measured in 16-20 weeks of gestation.Results: TT3 and FT3 were positively associated with birthweight, while TT4 and FT4 were negatively associated with birthweight, respectively. Furthermore, higher TT3 and FT3 were associated with increased risks of LGA infants (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15-1.9; OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01-1.46), respectively. Higher TT3 was associated with an increased risk of macrosomic infants (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.04-1.74). In contrast, higher FT4 was associated with decreased risks of LGA (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81-0.93) and macrosomic infants (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84-0.96), respectively. No associations were found between TSH and any of the outcomes.Conclusions: TT3 and FT3 were positively associated with fetal growth, while TT4 and FT4 were negatively associated with fetal growth. Our findings suggested that thyroid function in early second trimester of gestation is a potential risk factor for abnormal fetal growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The surgery for esophageal cancer arising after prior gastrectomy is technically difficult with high morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive endoscopic treatment for superficial SCC with high curative resection rate. But few studies are concerned about ESD under these circumstances. The aim of this study was to elucidate the short- and long-term outcomes of ESD for superficial esophageal squamous cell cancer (SCC) in patients with prior gastrectomy.Methods: From January 2009 to January 2019, 37 patients with prior gastrectomy who underwent ESD for superficial esophageal SCC were retrospectively enrolled at the Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Rates of en bloc resection, complete resection, curative resection, incidence of postoperative bleeding, perforation and postoperative stricture were evaluated as short-term outcomes. Overall survival, and local recurrence-free survival were evaluated as long-term outcomes.Results: The rate of en bloc resection, complete resection and curative resection were 94.6%, 86.5% and 78.4%, respectively. No perforation was observed. 1 (2.7%) patient experienced postoperative bleeding. During the median observation of 43 months, 3 (8.6%) patients experienced esophageal stricture, successfully managed by balloon dilation. 3(8.6%) patients had local recurrence after ESD with 5-year local recurrence-free survival rate of 91.4%. During the observation period, 4 patients died of other reasons. The 1, 3, 5-year overall survival rates were 97.1%, 97.1% and 91.4%.Conclusions: The short-term outcomes indicate ESD is technically difficult with lower resection completeness in patients after gastrectomy, while the long-term outcomes are rather favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of a leadership training course organized by the Shanghai Mental Health Center and the Pacific-Rim College of Psychiatrists (PRCP), held at the Shanghai Mental Health Center in China on October 14 and 15, 2011. The event tackled issues concerning leadership in psychiatry including quality assurance in research, the challenges in psychiatric education and training in China, and the role of public officials in developing community-wide response systems.

Neonatal seizure is an important clinical symptom of brain dysfunction, which is more common in infancy than in childhood. At present, video electroencephalogram (VEEG) technology is widely used in clinical practice. However, video electroencephalogram technology has several disadvantages. For example, the wires connecting the medical instruments may interfere with the infant's movement and the gel patch electrode or disk electrode commonly used to monitor EEG may cause skin allergies or even tears. For the above reasons, we developed a wearable multi-sensor platform for newborns to collect physiological and movement signals. In this study, we designed a second-generation multi-sensor platform and developed an automatic detection algorithm for neonatal seizures based on ECG, respiration and acceleration. Data for 38 neonates were recorded at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai. The total recording time was approximately 300 h. Four of the patients had seizures during data collection. The total recording time for the four patients was approximately 34 h, with 30 seizure episodes recorded. These data were evaluated by the algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of combining ECG, respiration and movement, we compared the performance of three types of seizure detectors. The first detector included features from ECG, respiration and acceleration records; the second detector incorporated features based on respiratory movement from respiration and acceleration records; and the third detector used only ECG-based features from ECG records. Our study illustrated that, compared with the detector utilizing individual modal features, multi-modal feature detectors could achieve favorable overall performance, reduce false alarm rates and give higher F-measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shipping emissions have aroused wide concern in the world. In order to promote the implementation of emission regulations, this study develop a ship based sniffing technique to perform remote measurement of the SO2, NOx and CO2 from ships entering and leaving Shanghai port at the open sea. The ship emission prediction model, Smoke diffusion model and source identification model were developed to automatically analyze the emission data and screen the object ship source based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) system. The fueling documents of the detected ship were obtained from maritime sector and the results precision of the sniffer technique was evaluated by comparing the measured Fuel sulfur content (FSC) with actual value deduced from fueling documents. The influences of wind speed and direction, object ship parameters and monitoring distance on the identification of object ship and accuracy of the calculated FSC were thoroughly investigated and the corresponding correction factors under different conditions were deduced. The modified emission factor ratio of CO2 to NOx were proposed in order to improve the accuracy. It is demonstrated that with wind speed higher than 2 m/s and test distance shorter than 400m, the sniffer technique exhibit high efficiency and accuracy for the remote emissions measurement of ship upwind with detection rate higher than 90% and test error of FSC below 15%. To reduce the influence of the wind direction, at least two sniffer systems were required to guarantee that at least one station is in the downwind of the ship lane. Based on the results and discussion, a novel sniffer monitoring system with two buoy based sniffing stations placed close to each side of the ship lane far off shore was proposed to realize the remote monitoring of ship emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many urban deep-decarbonization actions are related to multiple infrastructure provisioning sectors; therefore, it is essential to track carbon footprints associated with these infrastructure sectors to guide urban carbon mitigation actions. However, there are fewer temporal analyses of cities' carbon footprints from a multi-infrastructure perspective. This study applied the community-wide trans-boundary infrastructure-based carbon footprinting (CIF) method to Shanghai, China and adopted the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) approach to explore driving factors in community-wide carbon footprints from 2000 to 2019. Shanghai's total CIF increased by 85%, from 153.2 million tonne CO 2 -eq in 2000 to 283.5 million tonne in 2019. The energy and mobility sectors contributed to 89%–93% of the total CIF during this period. Although emitting sources within Shanghai contributed to a large proportion, trans-boundary carbon emissions embodied in imported energy, construction materials, and food provisioning increased from 6% of total CIF in 2000 to 28% in 2019. Shanghai significantly reduced city-wide carbon intensity per GDP from 2000 to 2019. Its city-wide carbon footprint per capita was around 11.4 tonne CO 2 -eq, of which 17.4% was associated with residential consumption. LMDI results showed that improving energy efficiency in economic production and reducing energy demand in residential sector contributed to reducing carbon footprints of these two sectors. The driving effect of carbon intensity was not monotonic in both economic production and residential consumption, indicating future policy should prioritize actions to reduce the carbon intensity of infrastructure provisioning in its carbon neutrality plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to adapt and modify the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument-Patient to develop the COVID-19 Stigma Instrument-Patient (CSI-P) and validate its psychometric characteristics, as well as explore how affected individuals in China experienced COVID-related stigma and its associated variables, including depressive symptomology and quality of life (QOL).Methods: From September to October 2020, 151 COVID-19 survivors recruited in Shanghai, China, completed a set of measures of demographic characteristics, depression, stigma, and QOL.Results: The 15-item CSI-P-2 achieved a Cronbach's α of 0.67 to 0.91. The six-factor structure was obtained by exploratory factor analysis. The mean score for the CSI-P-2 in Chinese COVID survivors was 8.14 ± 9.98. Regression analysis showed that survivors' age, comorbid diseases, education levels, and loneliness level were the factors influencing their COVID-19 stigma, explaining 37.80% of the total variance (F = 19.25, p < 0.001). Also, stigma's effect on QOL was significant in direct and indirect paths mediated by depressive symptomology.Limitations: First, this sample might limit the generalization of the findings to other Chinese-speaking regions. Second, future longitudinal or experimental studies are warranted for checking and further refinement of the scale. Finally, future studies are needed on the changing dynamics of stigma in different stages of the pandemic.Conclusions: The 29-item CSI-P-2 with six domains is an instrument with sound psychometric properties that can be used to measure COVID-19 stigma during the COVID-19 outbreak and, later, for COVID-19 survivors. Future studies should explore how to integrate the significant demographic and psychological characteristics influencing the experience of stigma work on this study into the development of stigma-reducing interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological footprint has grown significantly, and the consequences of the unchecked exploitation of natural resources have begun to unfold with unprecedented severity. Although recent studies have highlighted how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and green institutional quality could individually mitigate environmental degradation, the literature on their interactive effect has been marginalized. This study investigates the combined impact of ICT and green institutional quality on ecological footprint using nations of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Additionally, the study introduces the Heteroscedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent (HAC) model to forecast footprint and propose mitigation pathways that account for volatilities. The analysis in this study has been made using both the Driscoll Kraay Standard Estimator Model and the HAC model. The results indicate that the combined effects of green institutional governance and ICT yield a 0.0748% reduction in footprint. Again, the forecasted results show that if current trends persist, SCO nations will collectively increase their footprint from 1.639 in 2018 to 4.829 (number of earth) in 2040. However, if these countries follow the proposed pathways, they will collectively reduce their footprint to 0.3079 (number of earths) by 2040. These findings underscore the urgency of adopting radical measures targeting ICT and green institutional quality to forestall further environmental degradation. [Display omitted] • The combined effect of institutional quality (IQ) and ICT on footprint is investigated. • An econometric model is designed to forecast footprint and propose mitigation pathways. • The combined effects of IQ and ICT yield a 0.0748% reduction in footprint. • SCO nations will collectively increase their footprint to 4.829 in 2040 from 1.639 in 2018 if the current trend continues. • SCO nations will reduce their footprint to 0.3079 in 2040 if they adopt radical mitigation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and investigated the relationship between IBS and disturbed sleep in school-age children in Shanghai, China. Primary, middle and high school students ( n = 1542) were recruited from schools in Shanghai. Students completed two questionnaires: the questionnaire for IBS in children and adolescents and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The overall prevalence of IBS adjusted for cluster effects among students was 18.81%, and prevalence increased with age. Relative to non-IBS students, more IBS students tended to have poor sleep, including quality and duration. IBS is common among children and adolescents in Shanghai, China, and its prevalence increases with age. A tendency toward poor sleep also increases with age. The causal relationship between sleep and IBS needs to be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shanghai Cooperation Organizations (SCO) nations are suffering from hydro-climatic threats and permafrost thaw, with issues related to floods upsurging. Existing studies on the SCO have mainly focused on ethnic separatism and the fight against regional terrorism. Recently,the need for structural adjustment in economic activities and ISO 14001 certification has gained attention among academicians yet no study has examined their nonlinear effects on ecological footprint. Using data from 2003 to 2019 and the Fully Modified OLS focusing on the eight permanent SCO nations, this study tests the environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) validity and investigates the linear and nonlinear effects of structural change and ISO 14001 certification on ecological footprint. The empirical results confirm the EKC hypothesis. Next, enough evidence has been found that the nature of current structural reform is inadequate to improve their environmental quality, and a shift from short-term, sector-specific reforms to longer-term, holistic solutions will improve SCO environmental quality by 0.092%. Finally, doubling ISO 14001 certifications will improve the environmental quality by 0.008%. As recommendations, policymakers in developing economies should adopt the EKC postulate as the theoretical basis for policies favouring economic growth. Also, to encourage ISO 14001 implementation, there should be awareness creation about its benefits through workshops and conferences, and governments should provide financial incentives to encourage firms to implement the policy. [Display omitted] • The effects of GDP, structural change, and ISO 14001 is analyzed. • The EKC is valid for SCO countries. • Long-term structural reforms will reduce footprint. • Increasing ISO 14001 certifications will improve the environmental quality by 0.008%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Significant genetic differentiation was only observed between BA and SHCM population. • All of the populations showed high haplotype diversity (>0.5) except NHF1. • Nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity were all highest in Shanghai and lowest in Hainan. • 99.68% of total genetic variation occurred within populations. Mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) is a native and economically important species in East Asia. In order to provide a comprehensive genetic background for the resource protection and management in this species, the genetic diversity and population structure of S. paramamosain were analyzed based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence. Totally, 599 individuals were sampled from 20 populations, including 18 wild and two cultured populations from five provinces along southeastern coast of China. After the sequencing of a 638 bp fragment of COI gene, 84 variable sites were found and no insertion or deletion was detected. The H2 (haplotype 2) was the dominant hapolotye shared by 301 individuals (50.3% of all individuals) and existed in all localities. In addition, a high percent of unique haplotypes (53 of 93 haplotyoes) was found. The average nucleotide diversity (π) of all populations was 0.00194, ranging from 0.00010 (NHF1) to 0.00305 (SHCM). The haplotype diversity (h) ranged from 0.067 (NHF1) to 0.876 (CM) with an average 0.738. All of the populations showed high h (>0.5) except NHF1. Genetic distance ranged from 0.00063 to 0.00337 between populations and from 0.00010 to 0.00374 within populations. The molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) showed that the total genetic variation mainly occurred within populations (99.68%) and only 0.32% was contributed by among populations variation. No significant genetic differentiation was observed among all wild populations except that between BA and SHCM (Fst = 0.0.05707, P < 0.05), indicating a low level of genetic differentiation among localities. It is worth to note that two progeny population (HNF1 and NHF1) showed significantly different genetic variation, which suggested that a large quantity of parents could help to improve the genetic diversity of progeny populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-made material stocks promote the economic prosperity, while the consumption, maintenance, and operation of them have led to adverse environmental impacts. Decoupling materials stocks from economic growth is a key strategy for relieving environmental pressures and achieving sustainable development. China's unprecedented development offers a unique opportunity for uncovering the relationship between in-use stocks and economic growth. In this study, we analyzed the regional disparity of in-use steel stocks estimated by bottom-up accounting method during 1978–2018 in 31 provinces in mainland China, explored the stocks productivity on provincial and regional scale, and conducted a decoupling analysis of in-use steel stocks with economic growth. The results showed that there was a huge disparity among the provincial total steel stocks, per-capita steel stocks, and stocks density. Some provinces, e.g. Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai, that had the highest stocks density had comparatively lower per-capita steel stocks and total steel stocks, indicating higher share of in-use steel stocks and lower material intensive economic structure. In-use steel stocks in China showed no clear signs of saturation or flatten off pattern although their growth rate declined recently. An increase in steel stocks productivity was found during 1978–2018, which means relative decoupling of in-use steel stocks from economic growth, but still far away from absolute decoupling. The dematerialization pattern revealed in this study deepens our understanding of material-economy interactions. Policy implications for dematerialization transition should focus on developing compact cities, prolonging the lifespan of products, and advancing technological development. Image 1 • Decoupling analysis between economic growth and steel stocks in China on provincial scale is conducted. • Steel stocks show no clear signs of saturation or flatten off pattern although the growth rate decline recently. • An EKC-like pattern is found between steel stocks and economic growth. • Steel stocks productivity is increasing on provincial scale although regional disparity is substantial. • Steel stocks are relative decoupling from economic growth, still far away from absolute decoupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverse urban environmental elements provide health and amenity value for residents. People are willing to pay a premium for a better environment. Thus, it is essential to assess the benefits and values of these environmental elements. However, limited by the interpretability of the machine learning model, existing studies cannot fully excavate the complex nonlinear relationships between housing prices and environmental elements, as well as the spatial variations of impacts of urban environmental elements on housing prices. This study explored the impacts of urban environmental elements on residential housing prices based on multisource data in Shanghai. A SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was introduced to explain the impacts of urban environmental elements on housing prices. By combining the ensemble learning model and SHAP, the contributions of environmental characteristics derived from street view data and remote sensing data were computed and mapped. The experimental results show that all the urban environmental characteristics account for 16 percent of housing prices in Shanghai. The relationships between housing prices and two green characteristics (green view index from street view data and urban green coverage rate from remote sensing) are both nonlinear. Shanghai's homebuyers are willing to pay a premium for green only when the green view index or urban green coverage rate are of higher value. However, there are significant differences between the impacts of the green view index and urban green coverage rate on housing prices. The sky view index has a negative influence on housing prices, which is probably because the high-density and high-rise residential area often has better living facilities. Residents in Shanghai are willing to pay a premium for high urban water coverage. The case of Shanghai shows that the proposed framework is practical and efficient. This framework is believed to provide a tool to inform the decisions of housing buyers, property developers and policies concerning land-selling and buying, property development and urban environment improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal variation of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) occurrence has been reported in recent years. Whether the seasonality of BPPV also exists in Chinese patients and whether it correlates with serum vitamin D levels is unexplored. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1269 new-onset idiopathic BPPV patients registered in our vertigo outpatient clinic over a six-year period. Additionally, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels during this period were measured in 877 patients by chemiluminescence immunoassay. We delineated the changing trend of the monthly BPPV patient numbers and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and the correlation between them was explored. December to next March is the top 4 months with higher BPPV patient numbers. The median BPPV patient numbers in winter group were higher than those in summer group (20 vs. 16 patients, p < 0.05). Median 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in winter group were much lower than those in summer group (16.3 vs. 20.8 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and autumn group (16.3 vs. 19.3 ng/ml, p < 0.05). A moderate negative correlation was observed between median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and BPPV patient numbers each month. The onset of BPPV also shows a seasonal fluctuation in Chinese patients. This phenomenon may be related to serum vitamin D levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a portable slit imaging system is developed to study both the electron beam diameter and the profile of the newly developed Shanghai Electron Beam Ion Trap (Shanghai EBIT). Images are detected by a charge coupled device (CCD) sensitive to both X rays and longer wavelength photons (up to visible). Large scale ray tracings were conducted for correcting the image broadening effects caused by the finite slit width and the finite width of the CCD pixels. A numerical de-convolution method was developed to analyse and reconstruct the electron beam density distribution in the EBIT. As an example of the measured beam diameter and current density, the FWHM (full width at half maximum) diameter of the electron beam at 81 keV and 120 mA is found to be 76.2 um and the density 2.00 x 103 A*cm[?]2, under a magnetic field of 3 T, including all corrections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]