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Cervical cancer, one of the high-incidence female malignant tumors, has predominated in recent years. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer. Studies have shown that infection with certain sexually transmitted disease (STD) pathogens increases the risk of persistent infection with HR-HPV and is a high-risk factor for cervical cancer. In the present study, cervical specimens were collected for Thinprep cytology test detection, while DNA of cervical cells was extracted for HPV genotyping and detection of 10 STD pathogens, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma urealyticum parvum (Uup)1, Uup3, Uup6, Uup14, Mycoplasma hominis (Mh), Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) and herpes simplex virus II. Significant differences were observed between CT, Mh and Mg infections and HR-HPV infection (P<0.05). In addition, CT, Uup3, Uup6 and Mh infections were associated with HR-HPV infection (odds ratio >1; P<0.05). In the comparison of Uup3, Uup6 and Mg infections between the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) group and the control group, statistically significant differences were observed (P<0.05). In conclusion, the incidences of CT, Mh and Mg infections were similar with HR-HPV infection. CT, Uup6, Mh and Mg infections were risk factors for HR-HPV infection. Finally, Uup3, Uup6 and Mg were risk factors of CIN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]