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Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) among community elderly population in Shanghai, China, in order to provide early diagnosis and treatment of CKD, and improve the quality of life for elderly people. Methods:In all, 24,886 residents (≥65 years old) were selected from community population in Changning District of Shanghai, China in 2014. They were interviewed and tested for reduced renal function estimated GFR by CKD-EPI equation. The associations among demographic characteristics, healthy characteristics (e.g., cardiovascular disease and hypertension), and indicators of kidney damage were examined. Results:Approximately, 16.4% of the participants were CKD. The average of them was 74.9 ± 7.0 years old. Females had a significantly higher prevalence of CKD than males (17.6% vs. 14.9%). CKD patients were present in higher prevalence of female, hyperuricemia (29.6% vs. 18.7%), hypertension (45.1% vs. 40.3%), and cardiovascular disease (23.2% vs. 18.7%) than that of non-CKD population. CKD patients were present in lower prevalence of drinking than that of non-CKD population. The prevalence of CKD in female is 2.002 times than that of male. The prevalence of CKD increased 1.048 times with the age of each increase in 1 year old. The risk factors for CKD are age, female, hyperuricemia, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking. Conclusions:The prevalence of CKD is high in the elderly population than that of adult CKD in Shanghai. The most risk factors for elderly CKD patients are similar to the adult population. But hypercholesterolemia as a risk fact of elderly CKD is different from adult CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Dianshan Lake (DSL) as an important water source protection area in Shanghai is facing serious water quality deterioration. A detailed investigation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the multiphase system of DSL is very important for understanding their occurrence, sources, partition, and health risks. Total 11 sampling sites were selected including 3 inflowing rivers, 6 lake body sites, and 2 outflowing rivers. Total OCPs (Σ 20 OCPs) showed the highest concentration in water dissolved phase with a range of 47.8–143 ng/L. Total PAHs (Σ 16 PAHs) were the dominant compounds for suspended particle matter (SPM) and sediment phase, with a range of 2805–4130 and 206–4262 ng/g, respectively. The nonparametric test revealed the significantly higher concentrations of Σ 16 PAHs in sediment, Σ 18 PCBs in SPM, and Σ 20 OCPs in dissolved water from inflowing rivers than lake body (p < 0.05), indicating the strong effect of riverine pollution input. The different seasonal distribution between Σ 16 PAHs with Σ 18 PCBs/Σ 20 OCPs in SPM phase of lake body was closely attributed to their source disparities and the changes of rainfall and hydrodynamic conditions. Homologue compositions and isomer ratios analysis showed in DSL watershed PAHs were mainly derived from pyrogenic sources, PCBs from the leakage of capacitor equipment, sewage drainage of industries, and exfoliation of ship paints, and DDT from historical and recent application. The bioaccumulations of POPs in six fish species (n = 20) of DSL had high detection frequencies and a descending concentration order: Σ 16 PAHs (353 ± 106 ng/g) > Σ 20 OCPs (67.4 ± 27.0 ng/g) > Σ 18 PCBs (32.0 ± 13.7 ng/g), with obvious species-specific characteristics. The partitioning behaviors of PAH congeners in the water-SPM-sediment-fish system of DSL were greatly influenced by log K ow values. However, the feeding habits (e.g., sediment-feeding behavior) of fish species played a predominant role in the bioaccumulation of PCB and OCP congeners compared to two-phase partition. Health risk assessments of POPs in dissolved water and fish samples revealed that only Σ 16 PAHs in dissolved phase have potential carcinogenic risk. Image 1 • SPOPs in the multiphase system of urban lake in Shanghai were investigated. • Riverine input made a key contribution to SPOP contaminations in urban lake. • Partition of PAHs in multiphase system was closely impacted by their log K ow values. • Carcinogenic risk of Σ 16 PAHs in lake water should be paid more attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 43.9 % of Shanghai roadside agricultural soils were PAHs contaminated. • Road grade impacted roadside agricultural soil PAH concentration and isomer profile. • Combustion of fossil fuels was the predominant source of PAHs in roadside farmland. • δ13C analysis revealed predominant contribution of traffic source to the heavily contaminated site. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in agricultural soils (n = 41) along Shanghai road net was systematically investigated to characterize pollution distribution and to apportion sources. Total PAH (Σ 16 PAH) concentrations in roadside agricultural soils varied from 17.2 to 3775 ng/g with an average of 339 ± 594 ng/g, 43.9 % of which corresponded to weakly - heavily contaminated levels. The spatial distribution of pollution hotspots depended on heavy traffic volume and intensive industrial activities in adjacent areas. A positive matrix factorization receptor model identified that vehicle emission and combustion of coal, biomass and natural gas were the predominant sources, accounting for 66.0 % and 23.7 % of Σ 16 PAH loadings, respectively. Stable carbon isotope analysis was applied for the first time in seven sites with high Σ 16 PAH concentrations for tracing their unique sources. It was concluded that PAHs in the heavily contaminated soil site G18 predominantly came from vehicle emission sources, different from the six other sites controlled by coal-processing and biomass combustion sources. Future studies should focus on quantifying the source contribution of PAHs in roadside agricultural soils based on the combination of multi-isotope approaches due to the data overlap of δ13C in certain sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]