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Cultural values can be considered as important factors that impact parents' social cognitions and parenting practices. However, few studies compare specific cultural values of parents and the relationships between cultural values and parenting processes in eastern and western contexts. This study examined the ethnicity differences in mothers' cultural values, parental social cognitions (child-rearing ideologies and goals), and parenting practices between Mainland Chinese and European American contexts. Predictors of parenting goals and parenting practices were also investigated. Mothers of 4–6 years old children from the western United States (N = 78) and Shanghai/China (N = 96) participated in this study. The results suggested that mothers from Shanghai/China were both more collectivistic and individualistic than mothers from the western United States. Chinese mothers more strongly endorsed training and collectivistic parenting goals, while European American mothers more strongly endorsed individualistic parenting goals for their children. However, no significant difference was found in parenting practices for both groups of mothers. For both ethnic groups, in general, mothers' cultural values have small but significant impact on their parenting processes. The prediction of cultural values and parenting goals on parenting practices were also different for both ethnicity groups. Although Chinese mothers were higher on both individualism and collectivism, their collectivistic values were more important in predicting parental social cognitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we analyzed time series of Shanghai stock index with complex network theory. The degree distribution of the network extracted from the original series can be well fitted with a power law, while the network from return series is governed by an exponential degree distribution. Compared with the time series of standard Brownian motion, we found that the dynamics of the original series can be identified, but the return series has the similar topology with a random one. Moreover, in the scale-free networks from original series, the small-world property is detected and the time interval distribution between connected pairs decays as an exponential function, which implies that nodes correlated with a given one appear in a Poisson process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The three-step method addresses the bicycle allocation problem. • Excessive bicycles in urban area aggravate the burden of environment. • Mismatch of allocation and demand causes wasting of resources. • Redundancy exists in the allocation of resources on sharing bicycles. • Optimal allocation policy is benefit for resource conservation and sustainability. Sharing bicycles is a widely recognized way to reduce resource consumption, promote green travel and improve traffic efficiency, yet the discrepancy between bicycle distribution and demand limits its impact on sustainable economic development. By employing a data-driven approach and using 10 ofo shared bicycle parking lots as the case, this paper aims to explore an optimal resource allocation strategy of sharing bicycles, including the layout of parking lots and the quantity of distributed bicycles, in order to maximize the positive effect of sharing bicycles with the goal of sustainability. The findings show that there is a large amount of redundancy in the allocation of ofo bicycles, which is mainly due to the "locust-like" mode of development in earlier times. These findings indicate that shared bicycle companies should adjust their strategies to more sustainable long-term objectives, and it is also practical to move the excess bicycles in urban areas to remote areas. Furthermore, with respect to sharing bicycles at universities, the findings suggest an inverted "U"-shaped relationship between the allocation efficiency and the distance to subway stations. This characteristic is consistent with the fact that sharing bicycles serves as an effective solution to the "last mile" problem. In addition, a simple but effective rule for bicycle allocation is proposed; that is, more bicycle resources should be invested in bustling residential areas, while fewer resources should be placed in famous business districts and areas with low residential density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]