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Identifying the main factors influencing the land surface temperature (LST) of each local climate zone (LCZ) built type is of great significance for controlling LST. This study investigated the main factors influencing the LST of each LCZ built type in two Asian megacities: Tokyo and Shanghai. Each area in both megacities was classified according to the LCZ scheme. The diurnal LST, pervious surface fraction (PSF), surface albedo (SA), average building height ( 〈 B H 〉 ), and gross building coverage ratio (λp) of each LCZ were also calculated. Finally, the influence of the properties of each LCZ built type on LST was investigated. The results demonstrated that the main factors influencing LST of different LCZ built types differed in Tokyo and Shanghai. 〈 B H 〉 was the main factor influencing LST for compact mid-rise and open high-rise types in Tokyo, and the compact mid-rise type in Shanghai; PSF was the main factor influencing LST for other LCZ built types. Moreover, both 〈 B H 〉 and PSF negatively correlated with LST. Based on the above results and characteristics of each LCZ built type, specific LST mitigation strategies for each LCZ built type were proposed for Tokyo and Shanghai. The approach in this study can contribute to perspectives for urban planners and policymakers to develop highly feasible and reasonable LST mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates whether residents have been able to regain their sense of belonging and neighbourliness after being resettled in urban China and what factors have prevented or enabled them to do so. There is a growing body of work examining the post-resettlement community relations of residents. However, this process of community rebuilding is mostly understood as resident-led and little is known about the role and influence of state actions such as state-led community building and changing resettlement policies. Our study addresses this gap by drawing on the case of Hesha Hangcheng which is one of Shanghai's major relocation settlements. Our findings, from analysing a household survey and interviews, show that the sense of belonging and neighbourly relations of residents are poorer compared to before they were resettled. The analysis further reveals that residents who are more satisfied with their new housing and neighbourhood tend to have better neighbourly relations and sense of belonging compared to those who are not satisfied and feel they have lost out from the resettlement. Additionally, the state's efforts in rebuilding communities by providing more community organisations and activities have given residents a platform to encounter each other and help facilitate neighbourliness and a sense of belonging. Theoretically, our study contributes by revealing the interplay between residents and state-led community rebuilding efforts and how they have affected post-resettlement community relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the risk of lead pollution in 9 kinds of vegetables consumed by residents in 20 provinces/cities of China. Sampling data and vegetable consumption data from 20 provinces/cities in 2019 were used. Combined with dietary exposure assessment, the vegetable categories and provinces were paired, and a risk classification model based on spectral clustering algorithms was proposed. The results of the spectral clustering algorithm showed that the risk level of lead pollution in vegetables can be divided into five levels. The combination of vegetable‐province/cities at the risk level of 1 and 2 accounted for 92.78%, and that at the risk level of 4 and 5 accounted for 2.22%. The high‐risk combinations were fresh edible fungus–Shaanxi, fresh edible fungus–Sichuan, and fresh edible fungus–Shanghai and bean sprouts–Guangdong. In the proposed model, objective data were used as the classification index, and the spectral clustering algorithm was employed to select the optimal risk classification in a data‐driven way. As a result, the influence of subjective factors was effectively reduced, the risk of lead pollution in vegetables was classified, and the results were scientific and accurate. This study provides a scientific basis of supervision priorities for regulatory departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effectiveness of local surgery for bone metastases (BM) arising from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains uncertain. Herein, the authors performed what to the best of their knowledge is the first investigation of the outcomes of Chinese patients with RCC and BM.Methods: Data were collected for 168 patients with RCC and BM who were treated at Changzheng Hospital in Shanghai, China, between March 2009 and December 2018. All patients underwent local surgery for BM arising from RCC. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the interval between the date of local surgery and death or last follow-up and was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to identify significant prognostic factors.Results: The median OS in the study cohort was 43 months (range, 0-113 months). The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates after surgery were 77.4%, 55.9%, and 31.8%, respectively. Univariate analyses demonstrated significant survival differences associated with sex (P = .003), the number of preoperative metastatic sites (BM alone or BM with concomitant metastasis; P < .001), and the number of BM (single or multiple; P = .008). OS also did not appear to differ regardless of whether the patients received postsurgical targeted therapy. Multivariable Cox regression demonstrated that the following characteristics were independent predictors of OS: the number of preoperative metastatic sites, International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risk score, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center score.Conclusions: Careful patient selection for local surgery is of paramount importance. The prognoses of patients in the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center-based and International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium-based poor-risk groups were much worse than those of the intermediate-risk groups. In current clinical practice, "stratified treatment" can be performed according to these criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What kind of neighbouring might enhance participation in community activities? Using a 1420-sized household survey collected in Shanghai, this paper examines the relationship between different types of neighbouring and community participation. Our results show that in-group neighbouring between residents belonging to the same social group does not have a direct effect on community participation. Instead intergroup neighbouring between migrant and local neighbours can lead to more willingness to take part in community activities. Owing to the unequal power configuration between minority and majority groups living in the same locality, intergroup neighbouring can help break down existing barriers between migrant residents and local residents who are mostly in charge of organising community activities. Our findings contribute to a better conceptualisation of neighbouring and community participation, which so far has focused on the quantity of neighbouring but largely ignored the types of neighbouring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of technologies such as cloud computing and big data, various levels of government departments in the country have successively introduced digital subsidy policies to promote enterprises' digital transformation. However, the effectiveness of these policies and their ability to truly achieve policy objectives have become pressing concerns across society. Against this backdrop, this paper employs a moderated mediation effects model to empirically analyze the incentive effects of financial subsidies on the digital transformation of A-share listed manufacturing companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2013 to 2022. The research findings indicate a significant promotion effect of financial subsidies on the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises, especially demonstrating a notable incentive impact on the digital transformation of large enterprises, non-asset-intensive enterprises, technology-intensive enterprises, and non-labor-intensive enterprises. However, the incentive effect on the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), asset-intensive enterprises, non-technology-intensive enterprises, and labor-intensive enterprises is not significant. Notably, the expansion of financial subsidies positively influences the augmentation of R&D investment within manufacturing enterprises, subsequently providing indirect encouragement for their digital transformation. Additionally, the incorporation of the degree of marketization implies its potential to moderate both the direct and indirect impacts of financial subsidies on enterprise digital transformation. This study enriches the research on the mechanism of the role of financial subsidies in digital transformation and provides empirical evidence on how market participation influences the effects of financial subsidies, thereby assisting policymakers in comprehensively understanding the impact of financial subsidy policies on different types of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the current neighbourhood cohesion in Chinese cities and how it might be affected by the influx of migrants. Our multilevel analysis is based on a 1420 sized household survey conducted in Shanghai in 2013. The results reveal that the influx of migrants does not generate all negative results contrasting existing literature where migrants tend to reduce cohesion in the neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods with a higher share of migrant residents between 20 and 50% have the strongest cohesion potentially because local residents have adjusted to their migrant neighbours. Neighbourhood cohesion is also stronger in migrant-dominated enclaves with more than 50% migrants as migrant residents may have formed their own in-group community. Comparatively, local-dominated neighbourhoods are still adjusting to the gradual influx of migrants and therefore residents tend to have lower levels of social solidarity, sense of belonging and informal social control. Nevertheless, the strongest deterrent of cohesion is the prospect of displacement and lack of resources since low-income areas and traditional courtyard neighbourhoods, which face demolition and redevelopment, have the weakest cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale urban development projects are a significant format of urban expansion and renewal across the globe. As generators of governance innovation and indicators of the future city in each urban context, large-scale development projects have been interpreted within frameworks of 'variegations' of wider circulating processes, such as neoliberalisation or financialisation. However, such projects often entail significant state support and investment, are strongly linked to a wide variety of transnational investors and developers and are frequently highly contested in their local environments. Thus, each project comes to fruition in a distinctive regulatory context, often as an exception to the norm, and each emerges through complex interactions over a long period of time amongst an array of actors. We therefore seek to broaden the discussion from an analytical focus on variegated globalised processes to consider three large-scale urban development projects (in Shanghai, Johannesburg and London) as distinctive (transcalar) territorialisations. Using an innovative comparative approach, we outline the grounds for a systematic analytical conversation across mega-urban development projects in very different contexts. Initially, comparability rests on the shared features of large-scale developments – that they are multi-jurisdictional, involve long time scales and bring significant financing challenges. Comparing three development projects, we are able to interrogate, rather than take for granted, how a range of wider processes, circulating practices, transcalar actors and territorial regulatory formations composed specific urban outcomes in each case. Thinking across these diverse cases provides grounds for rebuilding understandings of urban development politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: In contrast to the considerable volume of international research on infant attachment development, significantly less research has been conducted in China. Aim: The present study was designed to identify the patterns of mother–infant attachment in Shanghai and to explore the influence factors. Study design and subjects: The subjects included 160 healthy infant–mother dyads. Infant attachment and temperament were assessed with the Strange Situation Procedure and Carey''s temperament questionnaire, respectively; the mother''s personality, maternal sensitivity and marital satisfaction were assessed with Eysenck''s personality questionnaire, Maternal Behavior Q-sort Manual Version 3.1 and Olson''s marital questionnaire, respectively. A self-formulated questionnaire of family environment factors was completed by the infant''s mother. Results: Of the 160 infants, 68.2% were rated as securely attached (B) and 31.8% as insecurely attached. Of those infants rated as insecurely attached, 7.5% were characterized as avoidant (A), 21.8% as resistant (C) and 2.5% as disorganized (D). Maternal sensitivity and marital satisfaction as well as the approachability dimension of infant temperament, were significantly different between securely attached infants and insecurely attached infants. From a temperament perspective, resistant infants showed higher-level intensity of reaction than avoidant infants. Moreover, multiple caregivers in the family and infant''s sleeping with other caregivers at night were more likely to be associated with insecure mother–infant attachment. Conclusion: There exist certain cultural characteristics in mother–infant attachment patterns in Shanghai. The influence factors are related with the high involvement of non-mother caregivers as well as maternal sensitivity, marital satisfaction and infant''s temperament characteristics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In view of the problem of competitive facility location in urban planning, the response of competitors to the new facility is considered. We use Huff's probability model to describe the market share of all facilities which depends on its service quality and its distance from customers. To maximize the market share of facilities, a two-stage method (quality decision stage and location decision stage) is adopted, which takes into account the responses of competitors. In the stage of quality decision, the competitive decision-making process is simulated as a game process and solved by Nash equilibrium. The solution of the quality decision process can be expressed as a function of the new facility's location which can be obtained by polynomial approximation. In the location decision stage, we apply the interval analysis based on branch and bound algorithm to determine the optimal location of new facility. Then, we use the randomly generated numerical experiment to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. Finally, we apply this model and algorithm to the location of a new shopping mall in Putuo district, Shanghai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problem of competitive facility location in urban planning, the response of competitors to the new facility is considered. We use Huff's probability model to describe the market share of all facilities which depends on its service quality and its distance from customers. To maximize the market share of facilities, a two-stage method (quality decision stage and location decision stage) is adopted, which takes into account the responses of competitors. In the stage of quality decision, the competitive decision-making process is simulated as a game process and solved by Nash equilibrium. The solution of the quality decision process can be expressed as a function of the new facility's location which can be obtained by polynomial approximation. In the location decision stage, we apply the interval analysis based on branch and bound algorithm to determine the optimal location of new facility. Then, we use the randomly generated numerical experiment to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. Finally, we apply this model and algorithm to the location of a new shopping mall in Putuo district, Shanghai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Conducted nested case-control study on prospective cohort of 2,460 pregnant women. • Measured 12 PFASs by UPLC-Q/TOF MS in sera of pregnant women at 16–20 weeks. • GDM diagnosed by OGTT administered over 24–28 gestational weeks. • Serum PFBS and PFDoA significantly higher in GDM group than control. • Elevated PFBS and PFDoA associated with higher GDM risk in early pregnancy. Long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and their short-chain alternatives have been produced and used extensively in China. However, it is unclear whether these compounds contribute to the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women residing in contaminated areas. The study was performed to explore the association between PFASs varying in chain length and the risk of developing GDM. A nested case-control study was conducted in a prospective cohort of 2,460 pregnant women between July 1, 2017, and January 31, 2019 in Shanghai, China. Twelve PFASs of interest were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS) in the sera of pregnant women at 16–20 weeks. GDM was diagnosed by an oral glucose tolerance test administered over 24–28 gestational weeks. The cases and controls were matched by maternal age. The relationship between maternal serum PFAS level and GDM risk was determined by conditional logistic and linear regression analyses. A total of 165 GDM cases and 330 controls were enrolled in the study cohort. The frequencies of detection of PFHpA, PFDS, and PFOSA were all ≤80%. Hence, they were excluded from any further risk analysis. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were detected at relatively high serum levels (medians 6.57 ng/mL and 8.07 ng/mL, respectively). The serum levels of perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) were significantly higher in the GDM group than they were in the control group (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively) according to a nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test. A quartile analysis showed that the odds ratio of GDM would significantly increase at the highest PFBS and PFDoA levels. In the core model, the adjusted ORs were 2.02 (95% CI = 1.04–3.79) and 13.00 (95% CI = 4.74–24.59), respectively, after adjusting for maternal age, sampling time, parity and body mass index [BMI]). Elevated maternal serum PFBS and PFDoA levels in early pregnancy may be associated with a substantially higher GDM risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]