1. Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in breast milk in Shanghai, China: Occurrence, characteristics, and risk assessment.
- Author
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Wang, Runhua, Lin, Yuanjie, Le, Sunyang, Lu, Dasheng, Gao, Lirong, Feng, Chao, Wang, Guoquan, and Xiao, Ping
- Subjects
CHLORINATED paraffin ,POLYCHLORINATED dibenzodioxins ,FOOD habits ,RISK assessment ,BREAST milk ,BREASTFEEDING ,GAS chromatography - Abstract
As novel contaminants, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) have been of great concern in the past several years. Shanghai was one of the provinces with the largest chlorinated paraffins (CPs) emission in China; nevertheless, there is currently little information on the human exposure to SCCPs and MCCPs, particularly MCCPs. In this study, 25 breast milk samples were collected in Shanghai from 2016 to 2017. The concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs were determined using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC × GC-orbitrap-HRMS) to investigate their characteristics and assess the associated health risks for breast-fed infants. Compared with the previous studies in other areas, the current study presented the higher CPs concentrations, with median concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs up to 771 and 125 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively. The exposure profiles of the CPs were characterized by C 10 and Cl 6-7 as the predominant congeners of SCCPs, while C 14 and Cl 7–9 were identified as the dominant groups of MCCPs. CP-42 and CP-52 were identified as potential sources of CPs found in breast milk samples collected in Shanghai. The concentrations of MCCPs exhibited a positive correlation (p value < 0.05) with the dietary consumption of meat and poultry. No significant positive correlations were observed for SCCPs and MCCPs with polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) congeners. A preliminary exposure assessment showed that SCCPs in breast milk potentially posed high risks to the breast-fed infants in Shanghai. [Display omitted] • Levels of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in breast milk in Shanghai were higher than other regions. • Correlation was observed between medium-chain CPs and dietary habits of meat foods. • Short-chain CPs in breast milk posed risks to the infants in Shanghai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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