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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical correlative factors and outcomes of treatment of bleb-associated endophthalmitis (BAE) following glaucoma filtration surgery in a Chinese population from the year 2012 to 2022, and to compare them with the clinical course during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic period. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of consecutive cases of BAE treated at the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China, between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022. The clinical presentation, treatment modality, microbiological data, clinical course, and outcomes of visual acuity (VA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in all BAE cases were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 28 eyes with BAE were examined, predominantly in male patients (71.4%, p = 0.023). Most patients underwent trabeculectomy (89.3%, p ≤ 0.001), while a smaller proportion underwent Ex-PRESS implantation (10.7%). Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) was the most common type of glaucoma (39.3%, p ≤ 0.001). Most patients (96.4%) presented with poor visual acuity, worse than 20/400, and IOP ranged from 3–60 mmHg. Treatment, including initial tap-and-inject procedure of antibiotics (Ceftazidime and Norvancomycin) or initial pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), was initiated 5.0 ± 7.1 days after BAE onset. Streptococcus was the most common causative organism (53.6% of cases, p ≤ 0.001). The visual acuity significantly improved from 2.58 ± 0.27 to 2.14 ± 0.85 (reported in logMAR) after treatment (p ≤ 0.001), and most patients maintained normal tension during follow-up. Poisson regression model analysis showed the annual incidence of BAE during the COVID-19 pandemic period was significantly twice greater than that of previous years. Conclusions: BAE may cause irreversible visual impairment. POAG filtering surgery with male sex and the COVID-19 pandemic period might be potentially relevant factors for BAE. Culture positivity was closely related to BAE prognosis, with Streptococcus species being the leading pathogenic organisms. Online outpatient services, early diagnosis, and timely treatment may rescue vision and maintain IOP control in the presence of BAE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The judicious application of antibiotics in shrimp aquaculture is vital for addressing bacterial infections, yet monitoring bacterial resistance during distinct aquaculture phases remains deficient. This study focused on tracking antibiotic resistance dynamics in Vibrio strains sourced from both shrimp and their breeding settings. Over a standard aquaculture period (day 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80), we isolated eighty-eight Vibrio cholerae and ninety Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from water, sediment, and shrimp samples. All isolates underwent assessment for antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype. Both Vibrio species demonstrated resistance to nine antimicrobials. Notably, Vibrio cholerae isolates exhibited resistance rates of up to 46.6% for cephazolin, 30.7% for streptomycin, and 11.4% for ampicillin. Conversely, V. parahaemolyticus isolates displayed pronounced resistance to ampicillin (100%), cephazolin (62.2%), and cefoxitin (36.7%). Moreover, we identified 38 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across all samples, with a higher prevalence observed in the water. Genetic diversity and clonal origins of the Vibrio isolates were quantified using Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). New Sequence Types (STs) were predominant among V. cholerae (95.4% of 43 isolates) and V. parahaemolyticus (92.9% of 28 isolates). Predominantly, V. parahaemolyticus isolates formed two extensive clonal groups: CC1420 and CC744. As the shrimp cultivation period progressed, both the resistance development rate among isolates and the average ARG count within the same STs of Vibrios steadily increased. This study underscores the potential role of ARGs transmission in the aquaculture environment as a crucial conduit for Vibrio antibiotic resistance development. Insights gained contribute to understanding the dissemination and transmission of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture, aiding in devising strategies to curb antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments. [Display omitted] • Vibrio spp. were isolated from both shrimp and their culture environment. • Vibrio isolates are highly resistant to antibiotics and carry multiple resistance genes. • Antibiotic resistance in Vibrio spp. increases with shrimp cultivation period. • ARGs in aquatic environment might promote antibiotic resistance of Vibrio spp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]