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Coal seam fracturing can effectively reduce gas leakage and coal powder damage while ensuring a healthy, stable and sustainable development of the coal industry. In this study, a fracturing fluid thickener-quaternary polymer (ADP) was synthesized by the synergistic effect and characterized by 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The viscosity and microstructure of the polymer at different concentrations were observed. A rheological measurement suggests that ADP has good viscoelasticity and shear resistance. Additionally, the filtration performance and gel breaking analysis showed that ADP meets the coal industry standards. Moreover it was found that ADP broken gel fluid impacted the surface of coal samples in Yinjiagou Coal Mine, Yangcheng City, Shanxi Province. For example, it reduced the methane affinity of coal (12.69%) and increased the hydrophilicity. It is significantly rare in the literature where polymer broken gel fluid bring beneficial effects on coal. The damage of gel breaking fluid to coal rock permeability in this area is only 14.9%. Thus the polymer fracturing fluid is expected to become a suitable fracturing fluid for coal seam fracturing. [Display omitted] • A fracturing fluid thickener-quaternary polymer (ADP) was synthesized by the synergistic effect and characterized. • ADP has good performance and analysis showed that ADP meets the coal industry standards. • The ADP broken gel fluid reduced the methane affinity of coal (12.69%) and increased the hydrophilicity. • The use of ADP has prominent significance for gas disasters and pulverized coal damage in coal mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]