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Long term coal mining produces pollutants such as coal gangue, coal mine gas and mine water. With the rapid urbanization, the increased environmental burden has led to the deterioration of environmental pollution problems, which seriously restricts the harmonious and sustainable development of the ecological economy. In order to understand the changes of the ecological environment in Shanxi Province in the past seven years, this paper selects the ground remote sensing data of Shanxi Province in the winter of 2013–2019 to obtain remote sensing ecological indicators (RSEI) that comprehensively reflect the ground ecological status, and uses spatial autocorrelation and geological detectors to explore the driving factors of the ecological environment differences in Shanxi Province, revealing the dynamic mechanism of the RSEI differences in Shanxi Province. The results show that the overall ecological environment quality in winter in Shanxi Province has a downward trend from 2013 to 2017 and an upward trend from 2018 to 2019. The spatial distribution of ecological environment quality between 2013 and 2019 is positively correlated. The clustering and outlier analysis chart of RSEI shows that in the seven years from 2013 to 2019, there are stable high value clusters in the north of Shanxi Province, while there are more low value clusters in the south. The significance test results show that the output value of the primary industry and the output value of the secondary industry dominated from 2013 to 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]