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This paper presents the results of a morphological study for distinguishing the remains of two small equid species that inhabited the south of Western Siberia in the Late Pleistocene: the Ovodov horse (Equus ovodovi Eisenmann et Vasiliev) and the Asiatic wild ass (E. hemionus Pallas). A detailed analysis of metric and nonmetric characters of equid limb bones shows that only metric features can be used for species discrimination. The Asiatic wild ass had smaller and more gracile limb bones than the Ovodov horse. The examination of new fossil remains from Western Siberia suggests that the distribution ranges of the Asiatic wild ass and the Ovodov horse did not overlap in the past. The Ovodov horse inhabited the southeastern part of the study area, from the Ob Plateau to the Altai Mountains and Kuznetsk Alatau. The remains of the Asiatic wild ass were found only in the southwest and southeast of Western Siberia, thus indicating a restricted distribution of this species in the area during the Late Pleistocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]