1. A large common-source outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis in a hotel in Singapore, 2012.
- Author
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Raj P, Tay J, Ang LW, Tien WS, Thu M, Lee P, Pang QY, Tang YL, Lee KY, Maurer-Stroh S, Gunalan V, Cutter J, and Goh KT
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aerobiosis, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Environmental Microbiology, Escherichia coli, Feces virology, Female, Food Contamination, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Norovirus classification, Norovirus genetics, Norwalk virus, Singapore epidemiology, Young Adult, Caliciviridae Infections epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Gastroenteritis epidemiology, Gastroenteritis virology, Norovirus isolation & purification
- Abstract
An outbreak of gastroenteritis affected 453 attendees (attack rate 28·5%) of six separate events held at a hotel in Singapore. Active case detection, case-control studies, hygiene inspections and microbial analysis of food, environmental and stool samples were conducted to determine the aetiology of the outbreak and the modes of transmission. The only commonality was the food, crockery and cutlery provided and/or handled by the hotel's Chinese banquet kitchen. Stool specimens from 34 cases and 15 food handlers were positive for norovirus genogroup II. The putative index case was one of eight norovirus-positive food handlers who had worked while they were symptomatic. Several food samples and remnants tested positive for Escherichia coli or high faecal coliforms, aerobic plate counts and/or total coliforms, indicating poor food hygiene. This large common-source outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis was caused by the consumption of contaminated food and/or contact with contaminated crockery or cutlery provided or handled by the hotel's Chinese banquet kitchen.
- Published
- 2017
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