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The article presents the author's comments on the article "A high incidence of lactic acidosis and symptomatic hyperlactatemia in women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Soweto, South Africa," by M.G. Bolhaar and colleagues published in this issue. According to the author, the urgency of ongoing efforts to secure lower-cost alternative first-line treatment regimens to replace stavudine is underscored by the data reported by Bolhaar and colleagues in their article.

The article presents a restrospective analysis which assesses the safety and efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among pregnant women treated in an integrated antiretroviral antenatal clinic (ANC ARV) in Johannesburg, South Africa. It concludes that initiating pregnant women on HAART was safe and effective within the ANC ARV. It states that gestational age treatment initiation and loss to follow-up present as important concerns among pregnant women with HIV infection.