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Neralsia is a genus of Figitid hymenopterans present in both the Neartic and the Neotropical regions. In this work, material from several museums (including all types of the South American species of Neralsia) was analyzed with light and electron microscopy. The South American species are studied as a whole, reviewing 26 previously cited species and describing eight new species. A key for their identification is included and the characters to differentiate species here considered are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study a total of nine new species of the genus Neralsia are described for South America: N. desantisi Jiménez & Pujade-Villar n. sp., N. equilatera Jiménez & Pujade-Villar n. sp., N. hermafrodita Jiménez & Pujade-Villar n. sp., N. marioi Jiménez & Pujade-Villar n. sp., N. moisesi Jiménez & Pujade-Villar n. sp., N. obelix Jiménez & Pujade-Villar n. sp., N. parafossulata Jiménez & Pujade-Villar n. sp., N. pseudoneralsia Jiménez & Pujade-Villar n. sp. and N. rauli Jiménez & Pujade-Villar n. sp., all of them have in common the low carina separating the scutellar foveae. Other six known Neralsia species, N. albipennis (Kieffer), N. bogotensis (Kieffer), N. flavidipennis (Kieffer), N. fossulata (Kieffer), N. pilosa (Borgmeier) and N. striaticeps (Kieffer) have the same scutellar character. The morphological characters to differentiate all mentioned species are presented.