Search

Free radicals define oxidative stress as the condition in which the body's antioxidant repair systems cannot keep up with the rate of cell oxidation. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (free radicals) work together to damage cellular components, encourage cell neoplastic transformation, and actively affect all three stages of carcinogenesis. The most prevalent potentially cancerous conditions on the Indian subcontinent are leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis, which are mostly brought on by cigarette use and areca nut consumption. Assessment of 8-OHDG, SOD, and GPx levels in saliva of OPMD and OSCC patients with and without diabetes mellitus. ELISA ASSAY was used for finding the levels of 8-OHDG, SOD, and GPx. Add salivary samples and diluent 40 µL into the testing sample. Then add some 10 µL sample into the testing sample well, Cover it properly, and incubate for some 45 minutes at 37 °C. Aspirate each well and wash, repeat the process four times for a total of five washes, 1-3 minutes per time. HRP-conjugated detection antibody is added to each well. This study is one of the first attempts to find the Assessment of 8-OHDG, SOD, and GPx levels in the saliva of OPMD and OSCC patients with and without diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic progressive, scarring disease affecting oral, oropharyngeal, and sometimes the esophageal mucosa. It is characterized by the progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissue. The pathogenesis of OSMF has been directly related to the habit of chewing areca nut and its commercial preparation, which is widespread in Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. The areca nut has been classified as a "group one human carcinogen." Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of OSMF is one of the most common malignancies in South and Southeast Asian countries. Malignant transformation has been reported in 7%-12% cases of OSMF. Histopathological spectrum of OSMF includes the apparent alterations observed in the epithelium and connective tissue. Epithelial atrophy and sometimes epithelial hyperplasia with or without dysplasia are the peculiar alterations seen in the epithelium. In the connective tissue, there is extracellular matrix remodeling which results in excessive collagenization. Further cross-linking of collagen leads to hyalinization which makes the collagen resistant to proteolysis. Owing to fibrosis in the connective tissue, there is narrowing of blood vessels which further results in compromised blood supply to the local tissue milieu, that is, hypoxia. This tissue hypoxia elicits angiogenesis which may result in the malignant transformation of OSMF. Perpetual irritation of areca nut and its constituents to the oral mucosa leads to upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and further juxtaepithelial inflammation. Thus, these coordinated reactions in epithelium and connective tissue leads the OSMF toward malignant transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) could have a significant psychological impact on patients, principally because of the unknown risk of malignant transformation, while the physical and functional impairments could differ. This study aimed to assess the impact of three different OPMDs and their disease stages on the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients.Methods: Oral leukoplakia (OL), oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients who were undergoing treatment at an oral medicine clinic of a dental teaching hospital in India were the study population. All subjects completed the recently developed OPMDQoL questionnaire and a short form 12 item (version 2) health survey questionnaire (SF-12v2). OPMDQoL questionnaire consists of 20 items over four dimensions. A higher score denotes poor OHRQoL. SF-12v2 has two components, a Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS).Results: A total of 150 subjects (50 each of OL, OLP and OSF) participated. OL patients (37.7 ± 7.9) reported significantly better OPMDQoL scores than OLP (47.3 ± 5.8) and OSF (45.4 ± 9.2) patients. OLP patients reported significant problems in obtaining a clear diagnosis for their condition, more so than the other OPMDs. OL patients reported fewer problems for the dimension, "physical impairment and functional limitations" than the OLP and OSF patients. A significant trend was observed with the overall OPMDQoL and MCS, deteriorating as the disease stage increased.Conclusions: OLP and OSF have a significant impact on the QoL of affected individuals: OL less so. Increasing stage of the disease is associated with worsening QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]