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Aim: This study aimed to identify how dietitians and other healthcare providers work to build trust in food systems in the course of providing dietary education. Methods: Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 15 purposefully sampled dietitians (n = 5), general practitioners (n = 5), and complementary and alternative medicine practitioners (n = 5) within metropolitan South Australia. Interview data were then interpreted using an inductive thematic analysis approach, involving the construction of themes representing trust‐enhancing roles around which beliefs about professional roles, the 'patient', and food and health were clustered. Results: Healthcare providers communicate beliefs regarding (dis)trust in food systems through: (i) responding to patient queries and concerns following a food incident or scare; (ii) helping patients to identify (un)trustworthy elements of food supply systems; and (iii) encouraging consumption of locally produced and minimally processed food. Importantly, the expression of these roles differed according to participant beliefs about food and health (medico‐scientific versus alternative medicine) and their adoption of professional projects that sought to promote medico‐scientific ways of thinking about health and diet or manage the failures of Western medicine. Conclusion: The development and consolidation of trust‐enhancing roles amongst healthcare providers likely requires disciplinary reflection on professional values and the processes by which practitioners apply these values to understanding food systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pelvic exenteration surgery is complex, necessitating co‐ordinated multidisciplinary input and improved referral pathways. A state‐wide pelvic exenteration multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting was established in SA and the outcomes of this were audited and compared with historical data. Methods: All patients referred for discussion between August 2021 and July 2022 to the SA State‐wide Pelvic Exenteration MDT were included in this study. MDT discussion centred around disease resectability, risk versus benefit of surgery, and need for local or interstate referral. Prospective data collection included patient demographics and MDT recommendations of surgery, palliation, or referral. Patients referred for surgery locally or interstate were compared with a retrospective patient cohort treated previously between January and December 2020. Results: Over 12 months, 91 patients were discussed (including nine multiple times), by a mean of 18 meeting participants each month. Forty‐eight patients (58.5%) had primary malignancy, 25 (30.5%) recurrent malignancy, and 9 (11.0%) had non‐malignant disease. Colorectal cancer was the most common presentation (56.1%), followed by gynaecological (30.5%) and urological (6.1%) malignancy. Pelvic exenteration surgery was recommended to be performed locally in 53.7% of patients and the remainder for non‐surgical treatment, palliation, or re‐discussion. During this time, 44 patients underwent surgery locally (versus 34 in 2020) and only 4 referred interstate (versus 8 in 2020). Conclusion: The establishment of a dedicated state‐wide pelvic exenteration MDT has resulted in better coordination of care for patients with locally advanced pelvic malignancy in SA, and significantly reduced the need for interstate referral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Standard setting in assessment seeks to apply meaning of achievement to an assessment score. Appropriate standard setting for script concordance tests (SCTs) remains a challenge, with existing methods representing norm-referenced approaches. Aims: To develop a criterion-referenced standard setting approach for SCT using an adapted Nedelsky approach, to pilot feasibility, and to compare failure rates with two other methods. Methods: Second- and third-year medical students were administered a 45-question SCT and results collated. Standard setting was applied using three approaches: (1) norm-referenced (student cohorts), (2) expert-referenced (student cohort compared to expert mean), and (3) adapted Nedelsky approach using answer key normalization. Feasibility and failure rates were measured. Results: All standard setting approaches were feasible, with 60 additional minutes required for the Nedelsky standard setting exercise. Failure rates between the three approaches were similar (Year 2: 8.0-9.8% and Year 3: 2.1-7.6%), with the adapted Nedelsky approach representing an intermediate option (Year 2: 8.0% and Year 3: 3.5%). Conclusion: Standard setting SCT using the criterion-referenced method of an adapted Nedelsky approach was found to be both logically justifiable and logistically simple, and produced failure rates comparable to other currently utilized and less objective approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To aid otolith interpretation of wild fish, we conducted a laboratory study using metalarval Australian smelt ( Retropinna semoni) collected from the Murray River, to examine daily increment deposition and the effects of different temperatures and feeding regimes on otolith growth. Daily increment deposition was confirmed by comparing the number of increments from an oxytetracycline mark with the known number of days from marking. After holding fish at two temperature levels and three feeding rates, both food density and temperature were found to have a significant effect on otolith growth, with food density having the greatest influence. Overall trends in final lengths and condition of fish were well represented by recent otolith growth. The results of the experiment have implications for estimating growth histories and its relationship to various environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]