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'Ibe US Government concluded Public Law (PL) 480 Title I agreements witb Japan in 1955 and 1956. 7/Je purpose of this article is to reexamine Japanese market development programs under PL 480. 7befindings are as follows: (1) Japan was regarded as a potential market for rice and other US commodities as iDeLL as wheat; (2) Judging from Japanese and US government documents, USDA oficials did not intend to replace Japanese rice witb US wheat; (3) Market development plans for US rice badfailed due to tbe damaging efect on diplomatic relations witb Southeast Asia and tbe contradiction witb Japan's food policy. Among the crucialfactors that decided tbe market development program results, tbis article emphasizes tbe importance of recipient countries' policies and multilateral relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]