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Adolescents' mental health and well-being is a public health concern. We examined gender differences in stress, psychological distress and well-being and predictors of distress and well-being in adolescent boys and girls. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 954 Spanish adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years was conducted. All participants were assessed through questionnaires that measure psychological distress, eudaimonic well-being, life satisfaction, stress, coping styles, masculine/instrumental and feminine/expressive traits, self-esteem and social support. We find that girls scored higher than boys in psychological distress, chronic stress, minor daily hassles, social support, eudaimonic well-being and in feminine-expressive trait whereas boys scored higher than girls in detachment coping style and in masculine-instrumental trait. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the most relevant variable in the psychological distress of both girls and boys was higher emotional coping style, followed by higher number of life events during the previous year. The most relevant variables in boys' and girls' psychological well-being were higher self-esteem and social support. Higher scores in rational coping style and in masculine/instrumental trait were also important predictors of eudaimonic well-being in adolescent boys and girls. Furthermore, in boys, older age was associated with greater distress and lower well-being and life satisfaction, while, as for the girls, a smaller number of life events and greater emotional coping style were associated with lower eudaimonic well-being and life satisfaction. Results are relevant for the design of policies and programs aimed at promoting mental health and well-being in adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emerging adulthood is a critical period of life involving many life transitions that may generate stress and compromise health and mental well-being. Aims: To know the most frequent life events of women and men in emerging adulthood, analyzing also the relevance that such stressors have on their psychological well-being and life satisfaction. A second aim is to determine the relevance of age, educational level, most frequent life events, coping styles, and perceived social support as risk and protective factors for well-being. Method: The sample consisted of 2,000 individuals from the general Spanish population (55% women), aged between 18 and 29, who were assessed using five questionnaires and scales measuring life events, coping styles, life satisfaction, psychological well-being, and social support. Results: The findings showed that 90% of the sample had experienced one or more life events during the previous year and that a higher number of life events experienced over the past year was associated with lower mental well-being. Multiple regression analyses made clear that, although some events experienced in the previous year (namely, family conflicts and change in the relationship with parents) were associated with lower women's and men's well-being, the most important determinants of well-being in either gender were coping styles; however, some predictors of women's well-being proved different from those of men. In the case of women, family and intimate partner conflicts predicted lower life satisfaction and psychological well-being was lower in the case of family conflicts. As for men, work or academic life events predicted lower life satisfaction. Conclusion: These research findings are relevant for the design of programs and strategies to improve mental well-being in emerging adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Saline groundwater desalination has recently emerged as an alternative source of irrigation water in arid and semiarid regions due to the gradual reduction in the quantity and quality of conventional water resources for agricultural use. In Fuerteventura Island (Spain), an extremely arid territory in the European Union, brackish water desalination is one of the few available water sources for agricultural production. Very little research has been conducted on the microbiological quality of this water mainly used for irrigation of vegetable crops. Free-living amoebae (FLA) are widely distributed protozoa in the environment and have been isolated from many environmental sources such as dust, soil and water. Among the pathogenic genera included in this group, Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia mandrillaris have been reported to be causative agents of lethal encephalitis, disseminated infections and keratitis. Particularly, Naegleria fowleri is a pathogenic FLA species which causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Materials and Methods: In the present study, the presence of pathogenic FLA strains on desalinated brackish water samples for irrigation has been evaluated during 7 months. Results: From the analysed samples, only one was positive for Naegleria australiensis. This is the first report of Naegleria spp. in desalinated brackish water for irrigation in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the presence of free-living amoebae (FLA) in dishcloths collected from human activity related places was evaluated. Once in the laboratory, 6 cm2 pieces of each dishcloth were cut and washed with Page's Amoeba Solution (PAS) in sterile tubes. After washing, the dishcloth pieces were removed, and the tubes were centrifuged (1500 rpm for 10 min). The obtained pellets were seeded onto 2% non-nutrient agar (NNA) plates, incubated at room temperature and were monitored daily an inverted microscope. Once clonal cultures were obtained (only one type of FLA observed), molecular analyses were carried out in order to characterize the isolated FLA strains at the genus/genotype level. From the 31 dishcloths which were processed, FLA strains were isolated in NNA plates in 13 the samples (13/31, 42%). However, and due to bacterial overgrowth, only six strains were characterized at the molecular level (PCR and sequencing). Among the PCR positive strains, 83.33% (5/6) of the PCR positive samples belonged to Acanthamoeba genus (80% (4/5) to genotype T4 and 20% (1/5) to genotype T11). Furthermore, one strain was identified as a member of Allovahlkampfia genus using both morphological and molecular approaches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation of Allovahlkampfia genus from dishcloths and in the Spanish territory. The presence of FLA in dishcloths should raise awareness to improve hygienic strategies in food- and domestic-related environments, in order to prevent contamination with these protozoa, which are able to be pathogenic and even to act as vehicles of other pathogenic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Epidemiological and community-based surveys consistently report gender differences in mental health. This study examines gender differences in psychological distress by analyzing the relevance of stress, coping styles, social support and the time use. Methods: Psychological tests were administered to a convenience sample of 1,337 men and 1,251 women from the Spanish general population, aged between 18 and 65 and with different socio-demographic characteristics, although both the women and men groups had similar age and educational levels. Results: Women had more psychological distress than men. Although psychological distress in the women and men groups have some common correlates such as more stress, more emotional and less rational coping and less social support, we find some gender differences. Work role dissatisfaction was more associated with distress in the men than in the women group. In addition, women’s distress was associated with more daily time devoted to childcare and less to activities they enjoy, and men’s distress was associated with more time devoted to housework and less to physical exercise. Conclusions: Social roles traditionally attributed to women and men – and the differences in the use of time that such roles entail – are relevant in gender differences in psychological distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho UNED is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Masip, J., Bethencourt, M., Lucas, G., Sánchez-San Segundo, M. & Herrero, C. (2012). Deception detection from written accounts. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 103-111. Most research into deception detection in written accounts has been conducted on transcripts instead of written messages, and has focused on identifying valid verbal deception correlates instead of also examining untrained readers' spontaneous lie-detection attempts (accuracy rates, the cues they use, and so on). Also, the question of whether good liars are also good detectors has not been examined using written accounts. In Study 1, 78 participants handwrote a story and then judged the veracity of another participant's story. Accuracy was at chance level. Good liars were not better detectors than poor liars, but participants who thought they were good liars also thought they were good detectors. The higher the participants' fluidity scores on a standardized test, the poorer liars they were and the better liars they thought they were. The cues participants said they used were related to their judgments but unrelated to actual veracity. In Study 2, some Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) categories (with the Spanish-language dictionary) permitted a 68% classification rate of the written accounts of Study 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three hypotheses have been suggested to explain factors underlying Internet gaming disorder symptoms (IGDs): the comorbidity hypothesis highlights the presence of further psychopathologies; the dilution effect hypothesis is associated with a low level of self-regulation; and the interpersonal impairment hypothesis focuses on the associations of social deficits. Anxiety and depression (comorbidity), impulsivity and hostility (self-regulation), social skills and family functioning (interpersonal impairment), and time spent gaming, both during the week and on the weekend, were assessed. Participants were 946 young people (51.5% males) aged from 11 to 18. Preliminary correlations indicated that higher scores in anxiety, impulsiveness, hostility, and social skills deficit and lower scores in family functioning and more time spent gaming were associated with IGDs. The proposed theoretical model had a good fit to the data, revealing that anxiety and time spent gaming on the weekend had a direct association with IGDs. Social skills and family functioning showed an indirect relationship with IGDs, whereas impulsivity only showed a direct association with time spent gaming during the week. However, a different set of variables was associated with IGDs depending on the gender. In girls, the significant variables associated with IGDs were time spent playing video games during the week and on the weekend, higher anxiety, and lower family functioning. In boys, direct associations between higher anxiety and hostility, social skill deficits, and time spent gaming on the weekend were found. Results support the three hypotheses, but their applicability varied according to gender. The comorbidity hypothesis was slightly superior for girls, whereas the dilution effect hypothesis was superior for boys. The factors involved in IGDs should be taken into account when designing interventions to prevent symptoms and their consequences. • Anxiety and time spent playing predicted Internet gaming disorder symptoms (IGDs). • Social skills and family functioning indirectly predicted IGDs. • Lower family functioning was related with IGDs in girls. • Hostility and social skill deficits were associated with IGDs in boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to propose national diagnostic reference levels (DRL) for updating in the field of interventional cardiology and to include technical details to help plan optimization. Medical physics experts and interventional cardiologists from 14 hospitals provided patient dose indicators from coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions. Information about X-ray system dose settings and image quality was also provided. The dose values from 30,024 procedures and 26 interventional laboratories were recorded. The national DRLs proposed for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions were respectively 39 and 78 Gy·cm 2 for air kerma area product (P KA ), 530 and 1300 mGy for air kerma at reference point (K a,r ), 6.7 and 15 min of fluoroscopy time and 760 and 1300 cine images. 36% of the KAP meters required correction factors from 10 to 35%. The dose management systems should allow these corrections to be included automatically. The dose per image in cine in reference conditions differed in a factor of 5.5. Including X-ray system dose settings in the methodology provides an insight into the differences between hospitals. The DRLs proposed for Spain in this work were similar to those proposed in the last European survey. The poor correlation between X-ray systems dose settings and patient dose indicators highlights that other factors such as operation protocols and complexity may have more impact in patient dose indicators, which allows a wide margin for optimization. Dose reduction technology together with appropriate training programs will be determinant in the future reduction of patient dose indicators., (Copyright © 2020 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The aims of this study were to determine the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rates of DM, type-1 DM (T1DM), and type-2 DM (T2DM), and to compare the relationship with cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic diseases between populations with and without DM., Methods: SIMETAP-DM is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in a Primary Care setting with a random population-based sample of 10,579 adults. Response rate: 66%. The diagnoses of DM, T1DM and T2DM were based on clinical and biochemical criteria and/or the checking of these diagnoses in the medical records. The crude and age- and sex-adjusted (standardised for Spanish population) prevalence rates were calculated., Results: The crude prevalence rates of T1DM, T2DM, and DM were 0.87% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.67-1.13), 14.7% (95% CI: 13.9-15.6), and 15.6% (95% CI: 14.7-16.5), respectively. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rates of T1DM, T2DM, and DM were 1.0% (1.3% for men and 0.7% for women), 11.5% (13.6% for men and 9.7% for women), and 12.5% (14.9% for men and 10.5% for women), respectively. The prevalence of DM in the population≥70 years was double (30.3% [95% CI: 28.0-32.7]) that of the population between 40 and 69 years (15.3% [95% CI: 14.1-16.5]). Hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, increased waist-to-height ratio, albuminuria, coronary heart disease, atherogenic dyslipidaemia and hypercholesterolaemia were associated with DM., Conclusions: In a Spanish primary care setting, the age-adjusted prevalences of T1DM, T2DM and DM in the adult population were 1.0, 11.5, and 12.5%, respectively. One-third (33%) of the population over 70 years had DM., (Copyright © 2019 Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The prevention of cardiovascular disease is based on the detection and control of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). In Spain there are important geographical differences both in the prevalence and in the level of control of the CVRF. In the last decade there has been an improvement in the control of hypertension and dyslipidaemia, but a worsening of cardio-metabolic risk factors related to obesity and diabetes. The SIMETAP study is a cross-sectional descriptive, observational study being conducted in 64 Primary Care Centres located at the Community of Madrid. The main objective is to determine the prevalence rates of CVRF, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases related to cardiovascular risk. A report is presented on the baseline characteristics of the population, the study methodology, and the definitions of the parameters and diseases under study. A total of 6,631 study subjects were selected using a population-based random sample. The anthropometric variables, lifestyles, blood pressure, biochemical parameters, and pharmacological treatments were determined. The highest crude prevalences were detected in smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, prediabetes, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemias, and metabolic syndrome. A detailed analysis needs to be performed on the prevalence rates, stratified by age groups, and prevalence rates adjusted for age and sex to assess the true epidemiological dimension of these CVRF and diseases., (Copyright © 2018 Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The aims of this registry were to determine the incidence, predictors, and prognostic value of periprocedural acute kidney injury (AKI) after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC)., Background: No data exist on the occurrence of AKI after LAAC., Methods: A total of 355 patients undergoing LAAC were included in the study. AKI was defined as an absolute or a relative increase in serum creatinine of >0.3 mg/dl or ≥50%, respectively, after the procedure or the need for hemodialysis during index hospitalization., Results: The incidence of AKI was 9%, and patients with worse baseline renal function were at higher risk for developing AKI (odds ratio: 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09 to 1.61; p = 0.004 for each 10 ml/min decrease in glomerular filtration rate). In-hospital bleeding events occurred more frequently in the AKI group (5.3% vs. 15.6%; p = 0.037). After a median follow-up period of 18 months, patients in the AKI group had higher mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.36 to 4.92; p = 0.004), more embolic events (HR: 6.14; 95% CI: 2.23 to 16.92; p = 0.001) and major bleeding events (HR: 2.36; 95% CI: 0.89 to 6.24; p = 0.083). The occurrence of AKI was an independent predictor of midterm mortality (HR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.02 to 3.91; p = 0.044)., Conclusions: The occurrence of AKI was relatively frequent following LAAC, and patients with lower renal glomerular filtration rates were at high risk for developing this complication. AKI identified a group of patients with worse midterm outcomes, highlighting the importance of further preventive strategies in this population., (Copyright © 2018 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: ST-elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI) caused by proximal left-anterior descending (LAD) lesions have more myocardium at risk and worse outcomes than those located in other segments. The aim is to compare outcomes of patients with STEMI and proximal-LAD lesions treated with bare-metal stents (BMS) versus everolimus-eluting stents (EES)., Methods: The EXAMINATION trial randomized 1498 STEMI patients to BMS versus EES. The primary end point was the patient-oriented combined of all-cause death, any-recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and any-revascularization. The secondary end point included the device-oriented combined of cardiac death, target-vessel MI and target-lesion revascularization (TLR)., Results: STEMI with a proximal-LAD occlusion was observed in 290 patients (BMS = 132 and EES = 158). Both groups were similar except for diabetes (12.9% vs 24.1%; P = .016). At 1 year, the primary end point was observed in 18.9% and 9.5% of patients treated with BMS and EES, respectively (P = .023). The secondary end point was observed in 11.4% and 5.1%, respectively (P = .053). There were no differences in cardiac death (4.5% vs 3.8%; P = .750) and MI (1.5% vs 0%; P = .121). BMS had higher rate of TLR compared to EES (6.8% vs 1.3%; P = .014). Patients with proximal-LAD STEMI had higher mortality than patients with non proximal-LAD STEMI (5.5% vs 2.9%; P = .027). Proximal-LAD lesions treated with BMS tended to increase the risk of the primary end point compared with other segments (18.9% vs 13.0%; P = .079). However, EES implanted in proximal-LAD had similar outcomes compared with other locations (9.5% vs 12.0%; P = .430). Adjusting for confounders, the interaction between BMS and proximal-LAD location was associated with the primary end point., Conclusion: Patients with STEMI and proximal-LAD lesions treated with EES have better outcomes compared with BMS at 1 year. Although further investigations are required, it seems reasonable to consider EES for proximal-LAD STEMI-lesions., (Copyright © 2013 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction and Objectives: Clinical practice guidelines on non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) do not take either hospital infrastructure or the availability of a catheterization laboratory into account. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of hospital type, either with or without a catheterization laboratory, on treatment and medium-term prognosis in patients with NSTEACS., Methods: The GYSCA multicenter study (covering 15 hospitals) investigated the implementation of clinical practice guidelines in patients with NSTEACS at six hospitals with catheterization laboratories (i.e. tertiary-care hospitals; THs) and nine without (i.e. secondary-care hospitals; SHs). Patients were assessed clinically at hospital discharge and after 3 and 12 months., Results: In total, 1133 consecutive patients were recruited: 599 (52.9%) in THs and 534 (47.1%) in SHs. The use of specific class-I interventions (i.e. aspirin, clopidogrel, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins) was more common in THs (P< .01) and more patients in THs underwent revascularization while in hospital (43% vs. 30%; P< .01). The number of SH patients who were readmitted for NSTEACS at 1 year was 5-fold greater than the number of TH patients (12.8% vs. 2.3%; P< .01), and hospital type was a predictor of an adverse event., Conclusions: Patients admitted for NSTEACS to a hospital without a catheterization laboratory were managed less invasively and their drug treatment was less likely to have been modified to match guideline recommendations. In addition to other well-known prognostic factors, hospital type can also have an influence on patient outcomes.

Patients with suspected non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS) constitute a heterogeneous population with variable outcomes. Risk stratification in this population of patients is difficult due to the complexity in patient risk profile. We conducted this study to characterize the value of clinical and electrocardiographic variables for risk stratification in an unselected population of consecutive patients with NSTEACS on admission. Thirty-five clinical and electrocardiographic variables at presentation in the emergency room of 18 hospitals were prospectively analyzed in 4,115 patients with NSTEACS and related with the outcomes at 90 days. We also developed a risk score using the variables found to be independent predictors of ischemic events to facilitate risk stratification. Cardiovascular mortality was 4.3% and the rate for the outcome of either cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction was 6.9%. The only independent predictors of mortality were age, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, postinfarction angina, Killip class > or = 2, ST-segment depression, and elevation of cardiac markers. A risk profile using the variables found to be independent predictors of events was calculated for cardiovascular mortality and for the combination of either death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Event rates increased significantly in all subgroups of patients based on the number of independent risk factors as the risk score increased. Using these factors, 90-day mortality ranged from as low as 0.4% in patients with no risk factors to 21.1% for those with more than 4 risk factors. In conclusion, simple clinical and electrocardiographic data obtained at hospital admission allow an accurate risk stratification of patients with NSTEACS. In the PEPA registry, simple variables easy to obtain at admission appear to be a valuable tool in discerning between patients at very low and very high risk according to the cluster of factors for each patient. The risk score developed was obtained from an unselected population, representative of the whole spectrum of patients with NSTEACS, allowing identification of patients at different risks for adverse outcomes, and, therefore, permitting optimization of therapy.

Background and Objective: Despite improvements in the results and techniques of catheter-based revascularization, few studies have evaluated the clinical results of the application of new stent designs. We describe the in-hospital and mid-term outcome of patients undergoing a stent NIR implantation., Patients and Method: At least 1 Stent NIR was implanted in 1.004 patients (1.136 lesions) recruited from 50 centers in an international, multicenter, prospective, registry (Spain and Portugal NIR stent registry). Inclusion criteria were objective coronary ischemia related to a severe de novo lesion or first restenosis in native vessels with a reference diameter >= 2.75 mm. The primary end-point was the incidence of major adverse cardiac events within the first 7 months of follow-up., Results: The mean age of the patients was 60 years and 82% were male. Angioplasty was indicated due to unstable angina in 61% of the cases. Stent implantation was successfully achieved in 99.6%. Clinical success (angiographic success without in-hospital major events) was achieved in 98.6% of patients. The rate of angiographic restenosis (> 50% stenosis narrowing) was 16% (CI 95%; 11.7-21.2). The accumulated major cardiac adverse event rate at seven months of follow-up was 8.7%: death (0.9%), acute myocardial infarction (1.2%) and target lesion revascularization (6.6%)., Conclusion: In the wide setting of the population included in the ESPORT-NIR registry, stent NIR implantation was a highly effective therapy with a good mid-term clinical and angiographic outcome.

Introduction and Objectives: Few reports in the literature have studied the characteristics and management of unstable angina in the elderly in Spain. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and the use of diagnostic and therapeutic resources in patients > or = 70 years of age., Patients and Methods: A total of 1,551 patients > or = 70 years of age were included out of 4,115 included in the PEPA registry with a follow up of 90 days. These patients were compared with 2,564 < 70 years., Results: In comparison, the elderly (76 +/- 5 years) versus the younger group (58 +/- 8.5 years) included a higher proportion of women (43 vs 27%), diabetics (30 vs 23%)and hypertensive patients (60 vs 49%) with a lower proportion (p < 0.001) of hypercholesterolemia (33 vs 43%), smoking (40 vs 60%) or family history (9 vs 17%). A previous history of angina (49 vs 35%) or infarction (38 vs31%) and comorbidity was found to be significantly more frequent in the elderly, with a worse previous functional class (NYHA > 2 out of 34 vs 15%). The elderly were treated with fewer invasive procedures (25 vs 44%) or catheterization (26 vs 36%) and they were more frequently controlled with medical treatment (86 vs 83%) although with a lower use of beta blockers (45 vs 53%). The mortality at 3 months was greater in the elderly (7.4 vs 3.0%;p < 0.005) with age being an independent predictor of bad prognosis. Cox multivariate analysis showed the age, ST segment depression, diabetes and heart failure on admission to be predictors of bad prognosis in the elderly., Conclusions: A different pattern is observed in cardiovascular risk factors with a more unfavorable clinical profile in elderly patients with unstable angina. The management of these patients is less aggressive and the mortality is greater. Diabetes, heart failure and ST segment depression on admission are independent predictors of bad prognosis in elderly patients.