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This paper analyzes the processes of change in the study of the integration of immigrants in Spain, specifically in Castilla y León, their religiosity and the meaning of religion in their integration. The majority of immigrants residing in Spain declare themselves to be believers and practitioners of their religion, hence knowing about coexistence and their religious practices. A quantitative/qualitative study is used as it helps us to understand the relationship between the importance of religion and social participation as a factor of integration. From the study it is extracted, the low tendency to the relations with other cultures and the little social and cultural participation, makes difficult the integration of some ethnic/religious groups. Religiosity increases as integration decreases, this is a consequence of people locking themselves into their ethnic/religious group. Muslims have more difficulties integrating, mainly due to cultural and religious differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2022, two regional elections were held that initiated a new electoral cycle in Spain. The first, in February, took place in Castilla y León where, for the first time, the extreme right-wing party, VOX, formed a coalition in a regional government with the right-wing Partido Popular, while, simultaneously, the extreme left-wing party Podemos was barely left with parliamentary representation. The second, in June in Andalusia, led to VOX increasing its representation by two seats and beginning its national level electoral growth; the far-left that was split in two parties, finding that the dynamic that began in Castilla y León also affected them as they lost 10 representatives. This article seeks to compare the emotional strategies of these extremist parties in the 2022 regional elections, focusing especially on leaders' and parties' communication strategies on X, formerly Twitter, during the electoral campaign. We expect to find differences between political parties but also between regions. To test this, we carried out an 'X account content analysis'. We selected those accounts representing the candidates to the regional President and also the main political party accounts in the regions: namely VOX in both regions, Podemos in Castilla y León, and Adelante Andalucía and Por Andalucía in Andalusia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article summarizes three legal documents related to environmental legislation in different regions of Spain. The first one is Decree 45/2023, which regulates funds and improvement plans for publicly useful forests in Castilla-La Mancha. The second one is Decree 5/2023, which regulates the production and sustainable management of construction and demolition waste in Castilla y León. The third document is Law 9/2023, which establishes extraordinary and urgent measures to address the exceptional drought situation in Catalonia. In addition, other decrees and orders related to environmental protection in different regions of Spain are mentioned. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a doctoral thesis that analyzes the patterns of internal migration by educational level in Spain in the 21st century. Using sources from the National Institute of Statistics, the research addresses the scarcity of studies on the educational level of internal migrants in Spain and long-distance internal mobility. The thesis consists of four scientific articles that address topics such as emigration and brain drain in Castilla y León, migratory selectivity and regional accumulation of qualified human capital in Spain, rural exodus to interurban exodus of university graduates, and an overview of internal migration, external immigration, and emigration of Spaniards abroad. It is concluded that internal migration of the native population has a greater impact on educational decapitalization than the emigration of qualified Spaniards abroad, and that foreign immigration has not fully compensated for the loss of qualified human capital in the sending regions. Barcelona is the main destination for qualified immigrants. [Extracted from the article]

Iberian hare populations have suffered severe declines during recent decades in Spain. Between 1970 and 1990s, a rapid increase in irrigation crop surface in NW Spain (Castilla-y-León region) was followed by a common vole massive range expansion and complete colonization of lowland irrigated agricultural landscapes from mountainous habitats. The subsequent large cyclic fluctuations in abundance of colonizing common voles have contributed to a periodic amplification of Francisellatularensis, the etiological agent that causes human tularemia outbreaks in the region. Tularemia is a fatal disease to lagomorphs, so we hypothesize that vole outbreaks would lead to disease spill over to Iberian hares, increasing prevalence of tularemia and declines among hare populations. Here we report on the possible effects that vole abundance fluctuations and concomitant tularemia outbreaks had on Iberian hare populations in NW Spain. We analysed hare hunting bag data for the region, which has been recurrently affected by vole outbreaks between 1996 and 2019. We also compiled data on F.tularensis prevalence in Iberian hares reported by the regional government between 2007 and 2016. Our results suggest that common vole outbreaks may limit the recovery of hare populations by amplifying and spreading tularemia in the environment. The recurrent rodent-driven outbreaks of tularemia in the region may result in a "disease pit" to Iberian hares: at low host densities, the rate of population growth in hares is lower than the rate at which disease-induced mortality increases with increased rodent host density, therefore, keeping hare populations on a low-density equilibrium. We highlight future research needs to clarify tularemia transmission pathways between voles and hares and confirm a disease pit process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A methodology is proposed for the study of snowfall, applied to the region and autonomous community of Castilla y León (Spain). It is based on two major pillars: the elaboration of a Snowfall Catalogue from the consultation of documentary sources (press) between 1979 and 2021, which allows cataloging all the episodes that occurred from October to May, and the synoptic study of the atmospheric dynamics in those 43 years, identifying the different types of weather as a means of validating the cataloged episodes. The database created provides information on its intensity, duration, and frequency, as well as its genesis, distribution, typology, and climatic hazard. All this has been analyzed and has allowed to recognize different stages in its way of occurring and to estimate trends and behaviors in both the number of episodes and the number of snow days and their assessment in the current situation of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Outbreaks of myxomatosis in Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) were detected for the first time in Spain in 2018. The disease spread to a significant proportion of the species range, negatively affecting the hare populations. In this study, we analyzed the impact of myxomatosis at hunting grounds of Castilla y León (Northern Spain), comparing hare density during two consecutive hunting seasons; the first when outbreaks were detected for the first time (season 1, Oct 2019-Jan 20) and the second after the spread of the disease (season 2, Oct 2020-Jan 21). Data was gathered from 1,102 hunts from 178 hunting grounds through "coursing", a hunting type in which hunters and greyhounds search for hares, allowing the estimation of hare density. Overall, hare density decreased significantly, from 12.7 hare/100 ha in season 1 to 4.7 hare/100 ha in season 2. The percentage of hares suspected to be affected by myxomatosis (sick and dead) per hunt was higher in season 1 (14.4%) compared to season 2 (10.7%). For both seasons, this proportion was higher when hunting season was started (20.7%, October), compared to the remaining months (4.7%, November–January). However, the proportion of hunting grounds affected increased from 44% in season 1 to 66.7% in season 2. Our research confirmed a 62.7% reduction in hare density in Castilla y León after the spread of myxomatosis and identified scenarios of possible depletion when densities were below 4–5 hare/100 ha. As myxomatosis becoming endemic in Iberian hares is likely, hunters and game managers should continue current monitoring and disease surveillance and make management decisions accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on two environmental legislations in Spain. Firstly, it presents Decree 46/2022, of November 24th, which regulates the administrative authorization procedures for electrical installations in Castilla y León. This regulation aims to simplify procedures and establish economic-financial requirements to ensure the viability of projects. Additionally, the process of competing wind farm projects is eliminated to promote equal conditions. Secondly, it mentions Order 64/2022, of October 21st, which establishes measures to promote energy communities in Navarra. This regulation seeks to promote the participation of citizens, local entities, and SMEs in renewable energy projects, recognizing their role in the energy transition towards a decarbonized model. [Extracted from the article]

Habitats have been undergoing significant changes due to environmental processes and human impact that lead into habitat fragmentation and connectivity loss. To improve quality habitats and maintain ecological connectivity, elements that improve the connectivity of habitats need to be identified. To meet this goal, finding optimal pathways locations plays a key role for designing corridors for biodiversity conservation. Conducted in the Castilla y León region of Spain, this paper aims to determine optimal pathways and to enhance the connectivity of protected areas. To this end, three different scenarios were developed including the Natura 2000 network and their surroundings (Natura 2000, Level 0, and Level 1). We used Restoration Planner (RP) available in GuidosToolbox to analyze the network and detect pairwise optimum restoration pathways between the five largest network objects. Our results demonstrate that connector density varies across the region for each scenario. There was also a large variability in the length of connectors. Connectors were found mainly distributed around the center and northwestern part of Castilla y León. This paper also suggests that proposed new restoration pathways should increase in the study area. Thus, the findings can be used effectively for extensive planning and interpretation in biodiversity conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Constitutional Court has declared unconstitutional the provisions of the Hunting Law of Castilla y León related to wolf hunting. The inclusion of all wolf populations in the List of Wild Species under Special Protection (LESRPE) prohibits their hunting, contradicting the regional law that considered the wolf as a game species. Spain is obliged to protect wolf populations south of the Duero River, while those in the north may be subject to management measures. Order TED 980/2021 has been declared unconstitutional in relation to wolf hunting, generating controversy and allegations of lack of legal certainty. The article analyzes complaints about the dilution of the concept of "materially basic" in the environmental legal field and the importance of interpreting norms considering the material object and the consequences of the norm. The situation in Spain is also compared to that of Germany, where tensions exist between federal and regional laws regarding wolf protection. Additionally, information is provided on the application of the Hunting Law in Castilla y León and wolf protection in Germany and Sweden, and the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Tapiola case is mentioned. The article provides bibliographic references related to constitutional law and environmental law that may be useful for those researching these specific topics. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Migraciones is the property of Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Jurídica de Castilla y León is the property of Junta de Castilla y Leon, Direccion de Servicios Juridicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ZARCH: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Architecture & Urbanism is the property of Universidad de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Suicide is one of the most important public health problems. The implementation of suicide prevention strategies depends on the region, available resources, willingness of stakeholders, and policies. This study considers the strategy of Castilla y León (CyL) in Spain designing Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to aid suicide prevention. Evaluating these technologies will allow us to explore the needs of patients with suicidal behavior and with their feedback to improve the proposed technological design oriented to be a complement within clinical practice. A qualitative study has been chosen using a focus group of patients who used this tool during 2022. Applying ICT in a simple, transparent, and safe way to the daily life of patients with suicidal behavior is a challenge and a continuous evolution when facing a follow-up by means of a complementary tool. For this reason, it was necessary to carry out an evaluation with the target users telling us—“Because we (users) know what we feel”—in this type of tools. The evaluation results indicate that patients are satisfied, the application is easy to use (when they are not in crisis), and they make suggestions to improve the proposed design. The main recommendations for patients with suicidal behavior are as follows: (1) a mood tracker that allows them to write down why they feel this way; (2) friendly language; (3) suggest more activities for when they feel bad, such as mindfulness, talking to other people, doing sports activities, and other activities that can motivate them; (4) the need for the application to be more attractive to the user; (5) sociability option (creating a community to share and build support network among them). E-health solutions to prevent suicide are challenging and promising. Setting clear and realistic aims as well as improving user interface (UI), user experience (UX), and acceptability are critical for adoption of such applications. Involving patients in its development and design is an important aspect. We believe that it is possible to develop innovative apps that improve treatment adherence in this field, despite the stigma surrounding suicide. Crisis management is important in this type of patients and its accompaniment, and more attention should be paid to this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This is a prospective analysis of 1047 patients with A (H3N2) laboratory-confirmed infection. • The analysis of the cycle threshold value by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used as a marker of viral load. • Infants, children, and the elderly present the highest viral load. • Outpatients showed higher viral loads than hospitalized patients. • Age and care setting are important for viral load evaluation. The aim of this study was to analyze the viral load (VL) using cycle threshold (Ct) in patients infected with influenza A (H3N2). This prospective study was conducted during the 2022-2023 influenza season in sentinel, non-sentinel, and hospitalized patients of Castilla y León (Spain). Respiratory samples were obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs and analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction specific for influenza A (H3N2) to obtain the Ct value. A total of 1047 individuals were enrolled (174 [16.6%] sentinel, 200 [19.1%] non-sentinel, 673 [64.3%] hospitalized). The mean Ct value was lower in infants, young children, and in the elderly, with a sharp increase in the last from 65 years until 90 years. In addition, the lower Ct values were observed in non-sentinel patients and then in hospitalized patients, probably because non-sentinel are outpatients in the acute phase of the influenza infection. A higher VL (lower Ct value) is related to the extreme ages of life: children and the elderly. Furthermore, a higher VL is related with the care setting, being probably higher in outpatients because they are in the acute phase of the disease and slightly lower in hospitalized patients because they are attended during the post-acute phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses the scenario methodology for predicting electoral results. The most common models for estimating opinion polls in Spain have been systematised on the basis of two parameters, the effect of time and the incorporation of uncertainty. The combination of the two parameters shapes a series of scenarios that provide insight into existing electoral structures and patterns in public opinion. It also makes it possible to conduct a sensitivity and robustness analysis of the estimates of electoral support for political parties. This was empirically applied by the CIS to the regional election in Castilla y León for diagnostic purposes and showed the existence of singular model fits by province. The estimates were very sensitive to the interaction between the parameters defined by the dynamics of change and uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has ruled that Spain has failed to comply with EU regulations on environmental impact assessment and habitat protection in the case brought by the Commission against the Kingdom of Spain. The Commission challenges the assessment of the environmental impacts of mining projects in Natura 2000 sites in Castilla y León. The CJEU has condemned Spain for the inadequate assessment of the mining projects and the deterioration of the Alto Sil area, arguing that the cumulative effects on the environment and the protection of species such as the capercaillie and the brown bear were not taken into account. Spain is urged to take measures to prevent the deterioration of natural habitats and disturbances in protected areas. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Ámbitos: Revista de Estudios de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Asociacion de Estudios de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses COVID-19 patients' dynamics during the first wave in the region of Castilla y León (Spain) with around 2.4 million inhabitants using multi-state competing risk survival models. From the date registered as the start of the clinical process, it is assumed that a patient can progress through three intermediate states until reaching an absorbing state of recovery or death. Demographic characteristics, epidemiological factors such as the time of infection and previous vaccinations, clinical history, complications during the course of the disease and drug therapy for hospitalised patients are considered as candidate predictors. Regarding risk factors associated with mortality and severity, consistent results with many other studies have been found, such as older age, being male, and chronic diseases. Specifically, the hospitalisation (death) rate for those over 69 is 27.2% (19.8%) versus 5.3% (0.7%) for those under 70, and for males is 14.5%(7%) versus 8.3%(4.6%)for females. Among patients with chronic diseases the highest rates of hospitalisation are 26.1% for diabetes and 26.3% for kidney disease, while the highest death rate is 21.9% for cerebrovascular disease. Moreover, specific predictors for different transitions are given, and estimates of the probability of recovery and death for each patient are provided by the model. Some interesting results obtained are that for patients infected at the end of the period the hazard of transition from hospitalisation to ICU is significatively lower (p < 0.001) and the hazard of transition from hospitalisation to recovery is higher (p < 0.001). For patients previously vaccinated against pneumococcus the hazard of transition to recovery is higher (p < 0.001). Finally, internal validation and calibration of the model are also performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to describe the integration models of information and communication technologies (ICT) in ubiquitous school learning in Compulsory Education Centers in Castilla y León, Spain. The contributions of Cabero and Marín (2017), Quintero and Romero (2018), Coll (2015), Area (2015), among others, were used. The research was projective with documentary design. The content analysis technique was applied, and a category matrix was designed as a recording instrument. It is concluded that techno-pedagogical models are the instrument for planning didactic activities in each phase of ICT integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, tourism plays a very important role in the growth of the economy, and in particular, in the province of Burgos the tourism sector is an important source of economic and social development. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the competitive advantages of this area of northern Spain by creating a responsible and sustainable tourism model that aims to reach the 17 SDGs. This study analyses the evolution of tourist supply and demand, comparing it with data from Castilla y León, Spain and five other provinces in Spain, as well as examining the tourist's profile and perception. The findings show that the increase in the number of hotel establishments was greater than that at national and regional level, but the growth of the supply of rural tourism accommodation establishments has stagnated in the last two years. The number of passengers in Burgos has been growing since 2012, with a slight decrease in 2018, in contrast the number of travellers in rural accommodation establishments has increased substantially since 2015. The visits are characterized by being short and with few expenses, focused mainly on the restoration. The degree of overall satisfaction and loyalty continues to be high. Finally, all services related to catering, infrastructures, information points and complementary activities to historical tourism should be improved to maximize tourist satisfaction and loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information generated from the official eradication programmes of caprine tuberculosis (TB) in Castilla y León, Spain, during 2018, has been used to assess the effect of vaccination against paratuberculosis (PTB) and the presence of this infection, on the single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) test results. Data from 121,665 goats belonging to 1936 different herds were analysed using generalized linear models. An epidemiological survey was conducted to know the herd immunization status against PTB and the date of last vaccination. All SIT test‐positive animals were further investigated in order to confirm the diagnosis of TB, through bacterial culture, and PTB, by histopathological and qPCR analyses. SIT positivity was found in 39 (2.01%) herds and 507 (0.41%) goats. TB was confirmed by M. caprae or M. bovis isolation in 10 (0.51%) herds and 46 (0.038%) goats. PTB was diagnosed in 13 (33.33%) and 55 (10.84%) of the SIT test‐positive herds and goats, respectively. Vaccination against PTB showed a significant influence on the results of the SIT test at herd level, with higher positivity detected among those herds vaccinated. However, this effect was not observed when the total number of animals was considered, where the highest positivity was found in unvaccinated goats. The time elapsed between vaccination and SIT test performance also influenced the results. The strongest effect was found when less than eight months elapsed between performing both activities, and to a lesser extent between 8 and 12 months. Conversely, no positive herds or animals were found when the time elapsed was higher than one year. No significant effect of the presence of PTB was observed. These findings demonstrate that the use of PTB vaccine does not result in false positives to a SIT test at individual level, provided that the time elapsed between the performance of both practices is higher than 12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the distribution of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), describe the clinical characteristics of patients, and determine the percentages of patients with genetic diagnosis in the Castilla y Leon region of Spain. Methods: All patients with an IRD seen in the two major referral units of Castilla y Leon during a 20-year period were included. The ages at symptom onset, diagnosis, and the last visit; sex; family history; history of consanguinity; type of inheritance; status of the fundus and electroretinogram findings; lens and macular status, visual acuity; and visual field data were recorded. Patients were divided into those with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and all others. Gene mutations were gathered when available. Results: Four hundred eighty-eight patients with IRDs were studied: 216 (44.26%) with RP of which 34 (15.74%) had syndromic diseases, and 272 had other conditions being 161 (59,19%) macular dystrophies. The mean delay in diagnosis was 6– 16.2 years respectively. For the RP group the mean age at the last visit was 47.96± 17,26; mean age of cataract surgery was 48.30 ± 12.01 years; and the foveal area was preserved in 74 (35.07%) patients, atrophic in 101 (47.87%), and edematous in 36 (17.06%). A genetic study had been performed in 58 (26.85%) of patients with RP and 71 (26,1%) of the rest, being indeterminate in 17 (29.31%) out of RP group and 20 (28.16%) out of the others. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics are comparable to other published series. There is a significant delay in diagnosis. The number of patients with IRDs and available genetic diagnosis, thus being possible candidates for undergoing personalized treatments including gene therapy in our region is low and must be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhythm research has had a long tradition in psychiatry, especially in affective disorders. The study of trends in incidence plays a central role in epidemiology and public health. The aims of this research were to describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of persons admitted for psychiatric hospitalization and their trends and periodicity in cases (global and by groups) in Spain over the 11 year study span. We conducted a cross-sectional study of the hospital discharge database of Castilla y León from 2005 to 2015, selecting hospitalizations for psychiatric reasons. Trends in the rates of hospitalization were studied by joinpoint regression analysis. Time series analysis for periodicities was done by spectral analysis, fast Fourier transform, and cosinor analysis. Some 49501 hospitalizations due to psychiatric disorders, out of 2717192 hospital admissions, took place during the study span. Hospitalizations for psychosis were frequent (15949, 32.2%), while such for eating disorders were infrequent, but showed the highest average stay (28 days) and DRG relative weight (2.41). The general trend was a statistically significant 2% annual increase in psychiatric hospitalizations over the 11 year span; substance abuse was the only exception to this trend. The whole population and the subgroups of psychosis and bipolar disorders showed significant circannual (one-year) variation in admissions. The rhythm percentage of the global group was 11.4%, while the rhythm percentages of the psychosis, bipolar, and eating disorders were 17.1%, 17.5%, and 9.6%, respectively (p <.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stone terraces of the province of Ávila in Spain constitute a historical and traditional heritage that deserves conservation and promotion in recognition of their function and value. This article represents an initial attempt at evaluating these stone terraces, recording their distribution within municipalities and regions, as well as classifying the different types of terraces with their specific characteristics. This has involved the use of aerial orthophotos, satellite images and field transects. The area of terraced land in the province is over 5000 ha, mainly concentrated in the regions of the Tiétar valley and the Alberche y Pinares valley, wherein six different types of stone terraces have been distinguished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is widely accepted that the relationship between lightning wildfire occurrence and its influencing factors vary depending on the spatial scale of analysis, making the development of models at the regional scale advisable. In this study, we analyze the effects of different biophysical variables and lightning characteristics on lightning‐caused forest wildfires in Castilla y León region (Central Spain). The presence/absence of at least one lightning‐caused fire in any 4 × 4‐km grid cell was used as a dependent variable and vegetation type and structure, terrain, climate, and lightning characteristics were used as possible covariates. Five prediction methods were compared: a generalized linear model (GLM), a random forest model (RFM), a generalized additive model (GAM), a GAM that includes a spatial trend function (GAMs) and a spatial autoregressive model (AUREG). A GAMs with just one covariate, apart from longitude and latitude for each observation included as a combined effect, was considered the most appropriate model in terms of both predictive ability and simplicity. According to our results, the probability of a forest being affected by a lightning‐caused fire is positively and nonlinearly associated with the percentage of coniferous woodlands in the landscape, suggesting that occurrence is more closely associated with vegetation type than with topography, climate, or lightning characteristics. The selected GAMs is intended to inform the Regional Government of Castilla y León (the fire and fuel agency in the region) regarding identification of areas at greatest risk so it can design long‐term forest fuel and fire management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pedagogía Social is the property of Pedagogia Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Methaodos: Social Science Journal / Methaodos: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicacion y Sociologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Ewe bulk tank milk quality is significantly influenced by management and milking machine features of dairy sheep flocks. • Dry therapy, postdipping, milking machine revision, pulsator airline, pump capacities and pulsation influenced somatic cell count variation. • Dry therapy, milking machine revision, bedding maintenance, tank milk and warm water temperatures influenced total bacterial count variation. • This knowledge could further enhance flock management efficiency, milk quality and productivity in dairy sheep sector. To study the effect of main flock target practices and milking machine features on the variation of bulk tank milk (BTM) somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) in dairy sheep flocks, a total of 3458 records of BTM SCC and TBC, corresponding to 340 audited flocks from the Consorcio de Promoción del Ovino of Castilla y León region (Spain), were collected throughout 12 months before testing the technical features of their milking machines. Average values were established for flock size (485.6 ewes), replacement rate (21.1%), parlor capacity (35.7 places), number of milking units (13.8), milking vacuum (36.2 kPa), pump air capacity at 50 and 36 kPa (106.4 and 158.3 L/min per milking unit), manual reserve (122.3 L/min per milking unit), air, milk and milking unit system consumptions (8.0 to 12.5 L/min per milking unit), internal diameters of the main air and milk pipes (5.9 mm and 4.2 mm per milking unit), pulsation rate and ratio (161.1 c/min and 57.4%), age and time since the last revision of the milking installation (16.3 years and 48.1 months), BTM temperature (3.4 °C) and washing water temperature at water-heater outlet (62.1 °C). Antibiotic dry therapy, time since last milking machine revision, and warm water temperature were critical factors influencing BTM SCC and TBC variation. Optimised BTM quality was also obtained for flocks with a greater size and foreign breeds, confined and post-dipped, with daily bedding maintenance, a low-level milk pipeline system, the presence of pulsation airline, greater manual reserve, smaller milk system consumption, and greater main air and pulsation pipe diameters. Greater milk pipe diameters and pulsation rates ≥180 c/min were associated with smaller SCC, but greater TBC, whereas pulsation ratios ≥60% increased SCC, but decreased TBC. Overall, results will allow for the optimisation of educational and risk management programs in the dairy sheep sector to improve flock mammary health and BTM hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We tested the effect of abiotic factors and human influence on the distribution of Oak Decline. • We estimated its potential geographic distribution in central-western Spain. • Oak Decline distribution was explained by land use and abiotic stress conditions. • Northern and central part of the study area had higher probabilities of Oak decline. • Forestry practices are required to prevent a possible expansion. In the Iberian Peninsula, Oak Decline (hereafter, OD) is becoming a serious and frequently occurring disease in Mediterranean oaks. Decline processes seem to involve multiple biotic and abiotic factors, which combine to reduce the vigour of oak trees often causing death. However, the exact causes of its extension are still unknown and therefore, given the ecological, economic and social relevance of these trees in Mediterranean countries it is crucial to develop tools that allow us to anticipate its occurrence and to reduce its expansion. In this sense, the present work aims to (i) unravel the relative role of environmental factors on the distribution of one of the most important phenomena that threat the biodiversity of the Iberian oaks, and (ii) to produce a spatially explicit model of OD risk, to assist conservation managers dealing with this phenomenon. To this, we have used a dataset of OD foci gathered during the period 2015–2017 by the program "Methodology for the inventory and monitoring of oak masses affected by the decline of oak in the southwest of Castilla y Leon" (this region is beginning to suffer the damages of this disease). In total, 68 locations were used to assess relationships with environmental factors (topographic conditions, abiotic stress conditions and human influence) using maximum entropy models (hereafter, MaxEnt) and variance-partitioning. OD distribution seems to be principally influenced by land-use (mainly dehesas), followed by dryer areas and areas with low slope gradients facing south or southeast. The resulting model has been used to produce a detailed OD risk map in central-western Spain. Our modelling approach may contribute to inform conservation planning and to establish the adequate management policy for Iberian oak dehesas , by helping to identify regions where the risk of OD is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The administration of the Spanish State is based on a decentralised model consisting of 17 autonomous regions. Castilla y León represents the largest region in Spain and the third largest in the European Union. Our analysis of both national and regional (Castilla y León) legislation on the rights of children and youth with Specific Needs of Educational Support (SNES) to participate in education suggests that the relevant legislation incorporates the minimum standards proposed by various international organisations (UNCRC, UNCRPD). Nevertheless, socio-educational organisations and researchers report limitations and setbacks to the participation of children and young people in Castilla y León, which especially impact on children with SNES: no representation on Primary and Special Education School Boards, socio-economic segregation at some schools, and scarce social participation with disadvantages for girls and other vulnerable groups. In view of these challenges, we set out to ascertain the impact of legislation on the rights of children, by listening to the voices of children with SNES. Our research, a replication of a British project, is adapted to our region. We expect to perform comparative analyses, to learn from other examples of good practice, and to offer innovative proposals for international implementation and dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxD) are a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by intermittent episodes of involuntary movements. PxD include paroxysmal kinesigenic (PKD), nonkinesigenic (PNK), and exercise-induced (PED) varieties. Objectives. To define the phenotype of primary and secondary PxD forms. Methods. Twenty-two patients with PxD (9 men/13 women) were evaluated in two hospitals in south-west Castilla y Leon, Spain. Clinical features of the episodes, causes, family history, and response to treatment were collected. Results. Thirteen participants with primary PxD (6 men/7 women) and 9 with secondary PxD (3 men/6 women) were recruited. Nine patients belong to three nonrelated families (2 had PKD and 1 had PED). Mean age at onset in primary PKD cases was 10 years (range 5-23 years), earlier than in PNKD (24 years) and PED (20 years). Most primary PKD cases experienced daily episodes of duration <1 minute, which are more frequent and shorter attacks than in PNKD (1-2 per month, 5 minutes) and PED (1 per day, 15 minutes). The location of the involuntary movements varied widely; isolated dystonia was more common than mixed chorea and dystonia. All PKD patients who received antiepileptic treatment significantly improved. Levodopa and ketogenic diet proved to be effective in two patients with PED. Secondary forms presented a later mean age of onset (51 years). Six cases had PNKD, 1 had PKD, 1 both PNKD and PKD, and 1 had PED. Causes comprised vascular lesions, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, peripheral trauma, endocrinopathies, and drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Conclusion. The knowledge of the clinical features and spectrum of causes related to PxD is crucial to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment, or even a nonorganic disorder diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Histórica: Historia Moderna is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Histórica: Historia Moderna is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, an exploratory content analysis has been developed for a case study on the topic of immigration reported in the regional newspapers of the largest Spanish autonomous community, Castilla and Leon. This study based its research conceptualization on the framing theory in mass communication. In addition to usual issue frames and issue images, two framing devices were established for analytic variables -- the index of importance and the index of affective attribute. They formed a frame package capable of making latent frames evident by their linkage to manifest frames. Comparing to the general assumption of relevant-bad-news production, results obtained in this study proved that, on occasion, negative news stories could be reported as less relevant than the positive ones. The outcomes also show how concept mapping of frames was applicable to immigration issues and immigrants' visual aspects of immigrant communities that were systematically articulated and disseminated by the press in this regional society of Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic History Research / Investigaciones de Historia Económica is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Historia Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the abundance of research which highlights the important role that innovation plays in improving business competitiveness in general, projects which specifically focus on social economy enterprises are not so common. This article defines the innovative behaviour of these businesses, in order to identify those elements which could prove advantageous to innovation. First we review the main factors affecting the phenomenon of business innovation and study their specific impact on social economy enterprises, with reference to the case of the autonomous Spanish region of Castilla y León. Then, using data from a survey of enterprises in a multivariate binary logistic regression model, we identify the factors which determine the innovative behaviour of social economy enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aposta is the property of Aposta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RIE: Revista de Investigacion Educativa is the property of RIE: Revista de Investigacion Educativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is discussed whether the policy of incentives to the mining sector is or is not appropriate. Proponents argue that thanks to this the municipalities have greater opportunities to develop, while detractors argue that it makes no sense to channel resources into an industry without a future. In this paper we have proposed to evaluate the impact of the aid generated within the Coal Plan 1998-2005, the National Strategic Coal Reserve Plan 2006-2012, and the Structural Funds of the European Union 2000-2006 in twelve selected socioeconomic variables in the 105 municipalities of Castilla y León between 1998 and 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sparkling winemaking is an increasing industry in Castilla y León region of Spain. Several trials have been made to improve the techniques in order to offer better products to the market. This study focuses on the evaluation of the influence of different co-adjuvants in the sparkling winemaking process (β-glucanases, autolysated yeasts, yeasts cell walls and purified mannoproteins) by measuring different oenological parameters at 3, 6 and 9 months of ageing after the secondary fermentation. Both physicochemical and sensorial analyses are considered in order to reveal the incidence of these co-adjuvants in the final product. A consumers study has also been carried out with the aim of knowing the possible impact of the co-adjuvants in the market of the so elaborated sparkling wines. β-Glucanases seem to increase the ageing characteristics of the sparkling wines, while yeast derivatives (yeast cell walls and yeast autolysates) improve their fruity and flowery character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]