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An international survey revealed that 75% PsA and 65% PsO women breastfed and 78% PsA and 44% PsO women felt they had to choose between treatment or breastfeeding. Furthermore, 31% PsO and 40% PsA of women felt they lacked information on the impact of treatment decisions on breastfeeding.10 Our primary objective was describing the impact of PsO in breastfeeding among women with moderate-to-severe PsO included in the BIOBADADERM Registry (Spain). 7 Clowse MEB Comparison of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Psoriatic Arthritis Pregnancies: Disease Activity, Treatment, and Outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

Three species of broomrape, namely Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers., O. cernua Loefl. (O. cumana Wallr.) and O. ramosa L., are pathogenic to sunflower, Heliantbus annuus L. (Diaz Celayeta 1974, Pieterse 1979, Sackston 1978), O. cernua is regarded as the most important (Vranceanu 1977) because of the severity of yield losses caused by that parasite which may vary between 20-30% (Acimovic, personal communication) and the pathogenic variation of the parasite. The latter problem reduces the usefulness of the resistant cultivars used nowadays as the best measure to control the disease. Until recently three race-groups of the pathogen, A, B and M, have been differentiated (Acimovic, pers. comm.). However, new sets of differentials used by eastern workers (Acimovic 1980, Vranceanu et al. 1980) may allow us to distinguish simpler races. In Spain O. cernua was found on sunflower in a locality of Toledo province in 1958 (Diaz Celayeta 1974), but no information was given on the severity of the attack at that time. Further records of the parasite are provided by Jimenez-Diaz and Sackston (1977), who, while studying systematically the occurrence of sunflower diseases in Spain, found Orobanche sp. only in Cuenca province. They recorded severe attacks in white seed (WS) cultivars used for human consumption, and trace incidences in the oilseed (OS) cultivar 'Peredovik' which is resistant to race-groups A and B (Acimovic, pers. comm.). This report presents the results of an investigation undertaken to gain further information on the importance and distribution of sunflower broom- rape in Spain, to identify the parasitic species and to determine the pathogenic variation occurring in their populations. Information on the susceptibility of sunflower cultivars used in Spain to the prevalent race-groups found is also presented. A summary of this work has been published elsewhere (Gonzalez-Torres et al 1980). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Acute liver failure is an uncommon disease but its overall mortality rate is still high without liver transplantation, which is the treatment of choice for patients achieving certain criteria. We have reported herein the experience and retrospectively analyzed results of liver transplantation for acute liver failure since the beginning of activity of our group, which is the only one in the region of “Castilla y Leon” (Spain). In 10 years, 14 patients underwent emergency transplantation among an overall series of 325 subjects. The patients were generally young men and women; the average wait list time was 2.14 days. The most common etiology was toxic exposure (no cases were related to acetaminophen overdose), followed by viral infection (all because of acute hepatitis B). Our posttransplant outcomes were: perioperative mortality, 0%; posttransplant in-hospital mortality, 14%; and 1-y, 3-y, and 5-year survival rates of 77.1%, 64.3%, and 64.3% respectively. Retransplantation rate was 7%. A major morbidity occurred in four patients: one primary dysfunction, one hyperacute rejection due to ABO blood group-incompatibility requiring retransplantation, two arterial complications, and two biliary leakages. Our outcomes of emergency transplantation were similar to those reported by both the European and Spanish Liver Transplantation Registries, despite the small number of patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives: Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) changes the natural history of severe aortic stenosis. However, whether the life expectancy of patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing this surgical procedure is fully restored is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess if the life expectancy of patients aged >75 years is fully restored after undergoing surgery for severe aortic stenosis., Methods: We compared long-term survival of a group of patients aged >75 years, who underwent SAVR at our institution with the long-term survival of the general population. We matched each patient with 100 simulated individuals (control group) of the same age, sex and geographical region who died as indicated by the National Institute of Statistics. We compared survival curves and calculated hazard ratio (HR) or incidence rate ratio. Statistical significance existed if confidence intervals (CIs) did not overlap or did not include the value 1, as appropriate., Results: Average life expectancy of surgical patients who survived the postoperative period was 90.91 months (95% CI 82.99-97.22), compared to 92.94 months (95% CI 92.39-93.55) in the control group. One-, 5- and 8-year survival rates for SAVR patients who were discharged from the hospital were 94.9% (95% CI 92.74-96.43%), 71.66% (95% CI 67.37-75.5%) and 44.48% (95% CI 38.14-50.61%), respectively, compared to that of the general population: 95.8% (95% CI 95.64-95.95%), 70.64% (95% CI 70.28%-71%) and 47.91% (95% CI 47.52-48.31%), respectively (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.94-1.22)., Conclusion: For patients over the age of 75 years who underwent SAVR and survived the postoperative period, life expectancy and survival rates were similar to that of the general population., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.)

Progress in control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is often not uniform, usually due to the effect of one or more sometimes unknown epidemiological factors impairing the success of eradication programs. Use of spatial analysis can help to identify clusters of persistence of disease, leading to the identification of these factors thus allowing the implementation of targeted control measures, and may provide some insights of disease transmission, particularly when combined with molecular typing techniques. Here, the spatial dynamics of bTB in a high prevalence region of Spain were assessed during a three year period (2010-2012) using data from the eradication campaigns to detect clusters of positive bTB herds and of those infected with certain Mycobacterium bovis strains (characterized using spoligotyping and VNTR typing). In addition, the within-herd transmission coefficient (β) was estimated in infected herds and its spatial distribution and association with other potential outbreak and herd variables was evaluated. Significant clustering of positive herds was identified in the three years of the study in the same location ("high risk area"). Three spoligotypes (SB0339, SB0121 and SB1142) accounted for >70% of the outbreaks detected in the three years. VNTR subtyping revealed the presence of few but highly prevalent strains within the high risk area, suggesting maintained transmission in the area. The spatial autocorrelation found in the distribution of the estimated within-herd transmission coefficients in herds located within distances <14 km and the results of the spatial regression analysis, support the hypothesis of shared local factors affecting disease transmission in farms located at a close proximity.

Spanish legislation recognizes patients' right to be informed about various aspects of their illness and to make autonomous decisions regarding diagnosis and treatment. As dermatologists, we need to become familiar with this legislation, heed its stipulations, and implement them in our practice., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier España, S.L. and AEDV. All rights reserved.)

Background: Eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) through the application of test-and-cull programs is a declared goal of developed countries in which the disease is still endemic. Here, longitudinal data from more than 1,700 cattle herds tested during a 12 year-period in the eradication program in the region of Madrid, Spain, were analyzed to quantify the within-herd transmission coefficient (β) depending on the herd-type (beef/dairy/bullfighting). In addition, the probability to recover the officially bTB free (OTF) status in infected herds depending on the type of herd and the diagnostic strategy implemented was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models., Results: Overall, dairy herds showed higher β (median 4.7) than beef or bullfighting herds (2.3 and 2.2 respectively). Introduction of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as an ancillary test produced an apparent increase in the β coefficient regardless of production type, likely due to an increase in diagnostic sensitivity. Time to recover OTF status was also significantly lower in dairy herds, and length of bTB episodes was significantly reduced when the IFN-γ was implemented to manage the outbreak., Conclusions: Our results suggest that bTB spreads more rapidly in dairy herds compared to other herd types, a likely cause being management and demographic-related factors. However, outbreaks in dairy herds can be controlled more rapidly than in typically extensive herd types. Finally, IFN-γ proved its usefulness to rapidly eradicate bTB at a herd-level.

Background: Nowadays there is a debate about the indication of the oral whole-cell/recombinant B-subunit cholera vaccine (WC/rBS) in traveller's diarrhoea. However, a cost-benefit analysis based on real data has not been published., Methods: A cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit study of the oral cholera vaccine (WC/rBS), Dukoral for the prevention of traveller's diarrhoea (TD) was performed in subjects travelling to cholera risk areas. The effectiveness of WC/rBS vaccine in the prevention of TD was analyzed in 362 travellers attending two International Vaccination Centres in Spain between May and September 2005., Results: The overall vaccine efficacy against TD was 42,6%. Direct healthcare-related costs as well as indirect costs (lost vacation days) subsequent to the disease were considered. Preventive vaccination against TD resulted in a mean saving of 79.26 euro per traveller., Conclusion: According to the cost-benefit analysis performed, the recommendation for WC/rBS vaccination in subjects travelling to zones at risk of TD is beneficial for the traveller, regardless of trip duration and visited continent.

The presence of a polymorphic (GT)(n) repeat, a microsatellite repeat, at the human dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene had been previously investigated in healthy people and in schizophrenic patients. The different DBH genotypes had been found to be associated to different DBH biochemical function, but no differences were found in the allelic and genotype frequencies between schizophrenic and control groups. To further clarify the potential involvement of the variation at the DBH gene in schizophrenia we have studied the DBH (GT)(n) repeat in a sample of 47 Spanish schizophrenic patients, in their healthy relatives (n = 72), and in a control population (n = 74). We have been able to identify five different variants of the DBH gene (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5) in the different groups. Subsequent statistical analysis revealed that the genotypes as well as the allele frequencies did not differ significantly among schizophrenic patients and the control population. Interestingly, the allelic variant A2 and the genotype A4/A2 were significantly more frequent in schizophrenic patients as compared with their healthy relatives. However, the association of the A2 allele with schizophrenia was not supported by the haplotype relative risk analysis of transmitted versus nontransmitted alleles. Therefore, although it will be important to extend the present analysis in a larger sample of schizophrenic patients and controls, our results suggest that the (GT)(n) does not seem to play a major role in the genetics of schizophrenia at least in this group of Spanish schizophrenic patients. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:88-92, 2000., (Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)