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Language teaching and teaching through language have undergone a standardization process all over Europe. In the Spanish context, a myriad of programs has emerged in the last ten years whose main aim is to guarantee a plurilingual education. That means implementing and consolidating European directives on the matter from the Council of Europe. Universities have joined this trend in their need for internationalization. This contribution analyses pre-service teachers' perceptions on their English Foreign Language level and the professional requirements regarding language competence in the current context in which language is a key aspect in education at any level. In spite of the fact that most students (95.5%) consider that a language teacher should master the language (C1 CEFR level or at least B2), some of them (19.3%) acknowledge not having any language accreditation yet, and most are in between B1 and B2 (70%). Therefore, there is a lack of consistency between their real language level and their perception of what is needed in order to be a successful primary education language teacher. Unquestioningly, their desired level is above their real competence, that is the reason why they plan to continue their English studies once they finish their university degree.

Background: Ukrainian refugees fleeing the conflict between Russia and Ukraine may face significant challenges to their physical, psycho-emotional, social, and spiritual wellbeing. Aim: To identify the health needs of Ukrainian refugees seen in primary care facilities in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were obtained through a descriptive analysis of health records, while qualitative data were collected via focus group interviews and thematic analysis of testimonies. Results: The sample comprised 59 individuals (45.4% of all patients seen). Eight participants from five family groups took part in the focus group. The typical profile of a Ukrainian refugee in the Canary Islands is female (79.7%), relatively young, with a high socio-cultural background, generally in good health, travelling alone or with her minor children. The main reasons for consultation were routine health check-ups and control blood tests. The NANDA-I nursing diagnoses indicated a need for psycho-emotional care, with the most prevalent being Risk for Relocation Stress Syndrome (27.1%); Interrupted Family Processes, Disturbed sleep pattern, Risk for Impaired Resilience (13.6% each); and Anxiety (11.9%). Participants rated the healthcare system positively, but language barriers and long waiting times for access to specific services were noted as limitations. The primary social demands include seeking employment, learning the language, and increasing support groups among Ukrainians themselves. Conclusions: This study underscores the need for a tailored approach to refugee care, considering their unique circumstances and needs. Early provision of information about available healthcare services and protocols can facilitate access, manage expectations, and aid decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the process of constructing a test for assessing student performance in geometry corresponding to the first year of Secondary Education. The main goal was to detect student errors in the understanding of geometry in order to develop a proposal according to the Van Hiele teaching model, explained in this paper. Our research methodology took into account reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, as well as the construct validity, with the extraction of 13 factors that accounted for a high percentage of variance. This result leads us to conclude that the instrument constructed has the appropriate technical and pedagogical features to be considered an original and significant contribution to the field of geometry teaching. The final version of the test constructed after the extraction of factors is shown in the Appendix.

Although understandings of scientific inquiry (as opposed to conducting inquiry) are included in science education reform documents around the world, little is known about what students have learned about inquiry during their elementary school years. This is partially due to the lack of any assessment instrument to measure understandings about scientific inquiry. However, a valid and reliable assessment has recently been developed and published, Views About Scientific Inquiry (VASI; Lederman et al. [2014], Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 51, 65-83). The purpose of this large-scale international project was to collect the first baseline data on what beginning middle school students have learned about scientific inquiry during their elementary school years. Eighteen countries/regions spanning six continents including 2,634 students participated in the study. The participating countries/regions were: Australia, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, England, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Mainland China, New Zealand, Nigeria, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, and the United States. In many countries, science is not formally taught until middle school, which is the rationale for choosing seventh grade students for this investigation. This baseline data will simultaneously provide information on what, if anything, students learn about inquiry in elementary school, as well as their beginning knowledge as they enter secondary school. It is important to note that collecting data from all of the approximately 200 countries globally was not humanly possible, and it was also not possible to collect data from every region of each country. The results overwhelmingly show that students around the world at the beginning of grade seven have very little understandings about scientific inquiry. Some countries do show reasonable understandings in certain aspects but the overall picture of understandings of scientific inquiry is not what is hoped for after completing 6 years of elementary education in any country.

The Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) is the most widely used instrument to measure complicated grief (CG), but its psychometric properties have hardly been examined in relatives of those who died by violent means. The objective of this study was to obtain evidence of validity of the ICG in a relatives of those who died due to terrorist attacks in Spain. The factorial structure, internal consistency, and relationship with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress were analyzed in a Spanish sample of 211 relatives of people who died in terrorist attacks. The ICG presented a one-factor structure that supports the validity of its total score. This score showed excellent internal consistency indices (alpha =.927; omega =.932) and adequate correlation indices with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress (r =.71,.63 and.76, respectively). The ICG provides reliable and valid measures of CG in adults who have lost a family member due to violent death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Recent studies have revived the issue of whether the five-factor personality model or Big Five is the most valid to summarize the most relevant personality traits or whether, on the contrary, the basic structure of personality traits would better fit a six-factor model such as the HEXACO model: Honesty–Humility (H), Emotionality (E), Extraversion (X), Agreeableness (A), Conscientiousness (C), and Openness to Experience (O). In a Spanish community sample of 682 adults, the factorial structure of the 30 facets of the NEO-Revised Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and its 16 facets common to the HEXACO model was analyzed. In two subsamples of participants, the internal structure of the NEO PI-R, of 30 and 16 facets, fit the five-factor Big Five model better than the six-factor HEXACO model. In addition, the internal 30-facet structure of the NEO-PI-R replicated that obtained in the original US validation and those previously obtained in Spain, although the latter used different participant samples (people evaluated in personnel selection processes, university students). These results suggest that, at least in Spain, the five-factor personality model or Big Five is still the most valid taxonomy of personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grandparental care of grandchildren is a prevalent social phenomenon. This study explores the perceptions of health-related quality of life of grandparents caring for their grandchildren. A mixed methods design was developed. In the first phase, participants were interviewed using a baseline questionnaire. The second phase consisted of focus groups with 19 of the 100 participants in the quantitative phase. The scores obtained from the quantitative analysis are in line with the qualitative data; they reflect that grandparent carers who are more involved in the care of their grandchildren have more symptoms of depression and stress and have poorer perceptions of physical health-related quality of life. What may at first appear to be a positive aspect, keeping grandparent carers active, can become negative when it comes to shared care and when the grandparents' willingness to provide care is abused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Matronas Hoy is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Matronas (AEM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to understand the perspectives of female residents of Spain from West Africa in terms of the factors that condition their lives. Pierre Bourdieu's theory and the model of intersectionality formed the framework we used to qualitatively analyse the life stories of these women, which was complemented with life lines. The results showed us that traditional practices such as female genital mutilation and forced marriage are part of the social habitus of this group and they relate to each other through the several types of violence that occurs throughout their lives. In addition, in reference to the African community, these women were no longer African, while in terms of the Spanish community, they did not seem Spanish. At a health, political, and social level, this knowledge can help us to understand this group and to create personalised targeted interventions for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS-CoV-2 variants demonstrate diverse transmission patterns, modifications in infectivity, and immune response. Changes in disease manifestation may be attributed to vaccination and the virus's reduced capacity to induce inflammation. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the inflammatory response and the characteristics of COVID-19 across successive waves. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data of Alpha (G1), Delta (G2), and Omicron (G3) variants. Results: A total of 300 patients from a hospital in Madrid, Spain, were included. The groups exhibited similar sociodemographic and baseline characteristics. The Alpha variant predominantly affected younger patients, while the Omicron variant affected patients with a higher prevalence of comorbidities. The Alpha group had the lowest vaccination rate compared to the highest rate in the Omicron group. The Alpha group received a higher proportion of tocilizumab compared to the other groups. Despite these differences, the severity scores were similar among the three variants. Regarding laboratory parameters, differences were observed in haemoglobin, D-dimer, alkaline phosphatase, and potassium levels. The Omicron variant showed higher D-dimer levels (p=0.04). In the multivariate analysis, differences in leukocyte count, haemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, and potassium levels were consistently observed among patients from different waves. Omicron exhibited a higher absolute leukocyte count than the Alpha variant (p=0.003). Conclusion: No significant differences were found in inflammation biomarkers among the three variants. Furthermore, there were no significant disparities in mortality or disease severity. The level of inflammatory response in patients may be determined by the severity of COVID-19, rather than the specific viral variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Immunotherapy is the mainstay treatment for most solid tumours. However, its cardiotoxicity is not yet known and studied, and its uncertainty is even greater in elderly patients. For this reason, this ambispective study was conducted in 195 patients over 70 years of age who were treated with immunotherapy. The percentage of patients with cardiotoxicity was 1.54%; 1.35% of patients with previous heart disease were diagnosed with cardiotoxicity, and 1.65% of those without previous heart disease were diagnosed with cardiotoxicity. The median time from the initiation of treatment until the cardiac event was 45 days. The most frequent toxicity was myocarditis, which was identified in 66.7% of patients, followed by arrhythmias in 33.3% of patients. In conclusion, immunotherapy is shown to be a safe treatment in elderly cancer patients in terms of cardiotoxicity. Introduction: Immunotherapy represents a key pillar of cancer treatments, with high response rates and long survival. Its use is increasing, mainly at the expense of the geriatric population due to the ageing of this population. However, despite its benefit, its safety in certain areas such as cardiotoxicity is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the safety of immunotherapy in elderly patients using real-world data. Methods: This is an ambispective study of patients ≥ 70 years old with solid tumours who were treated with immunotherapy at the University Hospital of Salamanca. Cardiotoxicity was assessed using the CTCAEv5.0 criteria. Results: In total, 195 patients were included (76.9% male and 23.1% female), with a mean age of 75 years [70–93]. The percentage of patients with cardiotoxicity was 1.54%; 1.35% of patients with previous heart disease were diagnosed with cardiotoxicity, and 1.65% of those without previous heart disease were diagnosed with cardiotoxicity. The median time from the initiation of treatment until the cardiac event was 45 days [14–96]. The most frequent toxicity was myocarditis in 66.7% of patients, followed by arrhythmias in 33.3% of patients. Conclusions: Immunotherapy is shown to be a safe treatment in elderly cancer patients in terms of cardiotoxicity. The event rate shows no difference between patients with or without cardiac comorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aims of this study were to describe the use of health services by patients attended for suicidal behavior by out-of-hospital emergency services and to identify the variables associated with the repetition of this behavior in Spain. Methods: An analytical, observational, retrospective study was carried out. A total of 554 patients attended by the mobile teams of the Primary Care Emergency (mt-PCES) of the Malaga Health District (Spain), after being coordinated by the 061 Emergency Coordination Center (ECC) were analyzed. Results: Of the total, 61.9% of the patients were women and the mean age was 43.5  years. Ninety-six percent (N  =  532) of the patients attended by mt-PCES were transferred to hospital emergency services. Regarding clinical decision, of those transferred 436 persons (82%) were discharged home. Of the total sample 25.5% (N  =  141) were referred to primary care, while 69% (N  =  382) were referred to outpatient mental health care. Regarding follow up in the 6  months after being seen by emergency services, among those referred to a mental health facility, 64.4% (N  =  246) attended the follow-up appointment while out of the total sample only 50.5% (N  =  280) attended a follow-up appointment with an outpatient mental health service. Finally, it should be noted that 23.3% presented a relapse of suicidal behavior in the 6  months following index episode. The variables associated with repetition of suicidal behavior were older age, greater number of previous suicide attempts and having any contact with mental health services in the following 6  months. Conclusion: We believe that selective suicide prevention initiatives should be designed to target the population at risk of suicide, especially those receiving both out-of-hospital and in-hospital emergency services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta Thell.) is an ancient wheat that has been widely cultivated for hundreds of years. Recently, this species has been neglected in most of Europe; however, the desire for more natural and traditional foods has driven a revival of the crop. In the current study, eighty-eight traditional spelt genotypes from Spain, together with nine common wheat cultivars and one modern spelt (cv. Anna Maria) were grown during a period of two years in Andalucia (southern Spain). In each, several traits were measured in to evaluate their milling, processing, and end-use quality (bread-making). The comparison between species suggested that, in general, spelt and common wheat showed differences for most of the measured traits; on average, spelt genotypes had softer grains, higher protein content (14.3 vs. 11.9%) and gluten extensibility (alveograph P/L 0.5 vs. 1.8), and lower gluten strength (alveograph W 187 vs. 438 × 10−4 J). In the baking test, both species showed similar values. Nevertheless, the analysis of this set of spelt genotypes showed a wide range for all measured traits, with higher values than common wheat in some spelt genotypes for some traits. This opens up the possibility of using these materials in future breeding programs, to develop either new spelt or common wheat cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Relaciones Internacionales (1699-3950) is the property of Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain, International Relations Studies Group (GERI) Law Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban and peri-urban agriculture is one of the strategies that emerged on the path towards agri-food sustainability in cities. This paper aims at improving the knowledge of the soil properties in a peri-urban area and their agricultural potential to support ecosystems with biodiversity worth conserving. The study area was located in the mid-plain of the Segura River (SE Spain). Arable soil layer samples were collected at 68 points to assess the distribution of organic carbon and to study other indicators of soil quality. A Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted to compare between the types of soils present in the area (calcaric Fluvisols and calcaric Regosols) and soil uses (industrial, cultivated and abandoned). Statistical analysis indicates that there are significant differences (at the 0.05 significance level) between Fluvisols and Regosols (p value = 3.65 × 10−5). Regarding use, the abandoned Fluvisols presented an average value of 9.33 g kg−1 of OC while the Fluvisols that are currently cultivated have a higher average content of OC (11.35 g kg−1). For soils under industrial use, the average OC content is 5.13 g kg−1. Spatial distribution of organic carbon in these soils depends on the type of soil and the human influence on them, including the use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who become refractory to three or more lines of therapy (RRMM patients) have few valid therapeutic alternatives. Among them, drugs directed against the BCMA antigen expressed in plasma cells are very appealing. Belantamab-mafodotin (belamaf) is the first antibody-drug conjugate against BCMA ready for clinical use. In this paper, we report the Spanish experience of belamaf monotherapy in 156 patients with RRMM. The overall response rate was 41.8%, with 39.8% of patients achieving a partial response or better. Median progression-free survival was 3.61 months, but interestingly, it increased to 14.47 months in patients achieving a minimal response or better. Treatment was well tolerated, ocular events being the most reported toxicity (87.9%; grade ≥ 3, 33.7%), but only two patients discontinued treatment due to side effects. Overall, our results confirm the safety and efficacy of belamaf in this poor prognosis subset of patients. Belantamab-mafodotin (belamaf) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting B-cell maturation antigen that showed anti-myeloma activity in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). We performed an observational, retrospective, and multicenter study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of single-agent belamaf in 156 Spanish patients with RRMM. The median number of prior therapy lines was 5 (range, 1–10), and 88% of patients were triple-class refractory. Median follow-up was 10.9 months (range, 1–28.6). The overall response rate was 41.8% (≥CR 13.5%, VGPR 9%, PR 17.3%, MR 2%). The median progression-free survival was 3.61 months (95% CI, 2.1–5.1) and 14.47 months (95% CI, 7.91–21.04) in patients achieving at least MR (p < 0.001). Median overall survival in the entire cohort and in patients with MR or better was 11.05 months (95% CI, 8.7–13.3) and 23.35 (NA-NA) months, respectively (p < 0.001). Corneal events (87.9%; grade ≥ 3, 33.7%) were the most commonly adverse events, while thrombocytopenia and infections occurred in 15.4% and 15% of patients, respectively. Two (1.3%) patients discontinued treatment permanently due to ocular toxicity. Belamaf showed a noticeably anti-myeloma activity in this real-life series of patients, particularly among those achieving MR or better. The safety profile was manageable and consistent with prior studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This field experiment focuses on the effects of a heavy rainfall event (DANA, depresión aislada en niveles altos) that occurred on 12–14 September 2019 (DOY, Day of the year, 255–257), in southern Spain on plant water status and the thermal response of nectarine trees. Two irrigation treatments were applied during the summer–autumn postharvest period (DOY 158–329): full-irrigated (CTL) and non-irrigated (DRY). Volumetric soil water content (θv), air temperature (Ta) and canopy temperature (Tc) were monitored in real-time and the crop water stress index (CWSI) was calculated. The difference in Tc between the DRY and CTL treatments (Tc' − Tc) is proposed as a new thermal indicator. Stem water potential (Ψstem) and leaf gas exchange measurements were recorded on representative days. During the DANA event, only the Tc measured by the infrared radiometer sensors could be monitored. Therefore, the effects of the DANA forced the soil water content sensors to be switched off, which prevented Ψstem and leaf gas exchange determinations from DOY 255 to 275. Before the DANA event, withholding irrigation caused a gradual decrease in the soil and plant water status in the DRY treatment. Significant differences appeared between treatments in the studied thermal indexes. Moreover, Tc' − Tc was more sensitive than Tc − Ta in assessing nectarine water stress. The effects of the DANA reduced these differences, suggesting different baselines for the calculation of CWSI. In this respect, the relationship Tc − Ta vs. VPD improved the coefficient of determination after the DANA event in full-irrigated trees. Similar values of Ψstem and leaf gas exchange were found in both treatments after the DANA event, even though thermal indexes showed some significant differences. In addition, the strong relationship found between Tc − Ta and CWSI vs. Ψstem worsened after DANA occurred, revealing a lower sensitivity of Ψstem compared to canopy temperature to accurately assess nectarine water status in these saturated soil conditions. This research underlined the robustness of infrared thermography to continuously monitor plant water status under these extreme weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategy "Understanding COVID" was a Public Health campaign designed in 2020 and launched in 2021 in Asturias-Spain to provide reliable and comprehensive information oriented to vulnerable populations. The campaign involved groups considered socially vulnerable and/or highly exposed to COVID-19 infection: shopkeepers and hoteliers, worship and religious event participants, school children and their families, and scattered rural populations exposed to the digital divide. The purpose of this article was to describe the design of the "Understanding COVID" strategy and the evaluation of the implementation process. The strategy included the design and use of several educational resources and communication strategies, including some hundred online training sessions based on the published studies and adapted to the language and dissemination approaches, that reached 1056 people of different ages and target groups, an accessible website, an informative video channel, posters and other pedagogical actions in education centers. It required a great coordination effort involving different public and third-sector entities to provide the intended pandemic protection and prevention information at that difficult time. A communication strategy was implemented to achieve different goals: reaching a diverse population and adapting the published studies to different ages and groups, focusing on making it comprehensible and accessible for them. In conclusion, given there is a common and sufficiently important goal, it is possible to achieve effective collaboration between different governmental bodies to develop a coordinated strategy to reach the most vulnerable populations while taking into consideration their different interests and needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Between 25% and 60% of subjects with dementia have shown sleep disturbances. Causes are diverse and seem to be related to factors such as aging, the presence of psychiatric diseases, or the consumption of drugs. This study aims to determine the influence of dementia on sleep quality and to analyze the factors that influence sleep quality in subjects ≥65 years. Methods: Thirty-one subjects were studied (15 living with dementia). PSQI was administered and statistical analysis compared the results among categories of other variables (age, gender, coffee consumption, drugs, BMI, psychiatric diseases). This study took place in Spain. Results: A prevalence of 46.7% of sleep disturbances was found in subjects with dementia. No significant differences were observed in the total score obtained in the PSQI between the dementia group (6.06 ± 3.78 points) and the group without dementia (7 ± 5.65 points). A significant inverse relationship was found between the sleep quality and the number of daily drugs and the presence of psychiatric diseases. Conclusion: Poor sleep quality affects people with dementia, however, we cannot affirm that dementia is the cause of it. Consumption of daily drugs and psychiatric diseases are factors that influence the sleep quality in subjects aged ≥65 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Low‐ and no‐calorie sweeteners (LNCS) as a category are one of the most thoroughly evaluated additives, and thus their safety has been largely recognised. However, their potential risks and benefits generate great controversy and discussion within countries' food policies and public debate. The goal of this study was to evaluate the degree of knowledge and the perception of key Spanish stakeholders about the role of LNCS in diet, their safety, regulatory issues and their impact on health and wellness, as well as to complete a SWOT analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats regarding this topic from their perspective. Participants (n = 45 stakeholders) completed an anonymous survey about their knowledge and perception of LNCS, their role in the diet, safety and legislation, as well as health issues and completed a SWOT analysis. Most of them agreed with aspects related to safety guarantees and authorisation procedure of LNCS; however, certain disparity in their opinion in relation to several of the topics was observed, especially regarding the possible role of LNCS in diet quality and health. Effective communication strategies to inform professionals and the general population, as well as new research that deepens our knowledge of the role of LNCS in weight management and other health outcomes seem to be urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two parallel lines of research on the relationship between personality and depression, one based on the Big Five personality model and one on Beck's cognitive theory of depression. However, no study has jointly examined the dimensions and facets of the Big Five and the dysfunctional attitudes of Beck's theory. This was the objective of the present study. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI‐R), the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS‐A), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐IA) were applied to 221 adults from the Spanish general population (53.7% females; mean age: 38.3 years). Various multiple linear regression analyses revealed that only the facet of depression was significantly related to depressive symptomatology. The different associations of the broad and specific personality traits and the need to control as many third variables as possible to prevent the finding of spurious relationships are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The theoretical models of posttraumatic growth (PTG) assume that a change in core beliefs or attitudes about the world and oneself is at the root of PTG. However, there are few studies on the relationship between these attitudes and PTG and their results are contradictory. The contradictions could be clarified using an instrument that assesses attitudes more specifically related to the traumatic event (traumatic dysfunctional attitudes) and analyzing whether said relationship is linear or an inverted U. Methods: A sample of 210 adults directly exposed to terrorist attacks in Spain completed diagnostic measures of emotional disorders and measures of PTSD and depression symptomatology, optimism, traumatic and depressive dysfunctional attitudes, and PTG a mean of 29.6 years after the attacks (range: 2-47 years). Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed that some long-term PTG dimensions were significantly associated in a linear or inverted-U fashion with traumatic dysfunctional attitudes, such that the most extreme levels of spiritual change were associated with the highest total levels of traumatic dysfunctional attitudes while the highest levels of appreciation of life were associated with moderate levels of total traumatic dysfunctional attitudes and, especially, attitudes of perpetual suffering. However, long-term PTG was not associated with depressive dysfunctional attitudes. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of core attitudes for PTG and offer support for the hypothesis that, over time, the positive basic attitudes of many people who have experienced a traumatic event are reconstructed, but incorporating negative or dysfunctional attitudes, which means that a certain amount of traumatic dysfunctional attitudes may be a necessary condition for long-term PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the consumption habits of tourists to benefit sustainable destinations that are not overcrowded, such as rural tourism destinations. However, the periods of compulsory lockdown have had devastating effects on tourism businesses operating in rural areas and have even jeopardised their economic viability. The aim of this article is to quantify in relative terms the effects that the period of compulsory lockdown in a markedly tourist country, such as Spain, between March and May 2020 has had on rural accommodation in one of the most rural provinces of Spain (Cáceres). Based on a random sample of 225 rural accommodation establishments and the consideration of various factors, statistical techniques of comparison of means and proportions were used to detect differences in the intensity of the effects of the compulsory lockdown on the economic-financial management, bookings, facilities, and input of rural accommodation establishments in the province. The results obtained show that the economic, labour, and management effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural tourism businesses in the province of Cáceres have been very substantial. In particular, the businesses with the highest level of tourist services on supply, i.e., those that, in addition to accommodation, also offer other tourist activities, have been the most affected. In view of this situation, urgent emergency measures have been put in place at a provincial level to alleviate the economic loss and the destruction of jobs caused by this pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scientific literature on posttraumatic growth (PTG) after terrorist attacks has primarily focused on persons who had not been directly exposed to terrorist attacks or persons who had been directly exposed to them, but who were assessed few months or years after the attacks. Methods: We examined long-term PTG in 210 adults directly exposed to terrorist attacks in Spain a mean of 29.6 years after the attacks (range: 2–47 years). The participants had been injured by a terrorist attack (38.6%) or were first-degree relatives of people who had been killed or injured by a terrorist attack (41.4% and 20%, respectively). They completed diagnostic measures of emotional disorders and measures of PTSD and depression symptomatology, optimism, and PTG. Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed gender differences (women reported higher levels of PTG than did men) and a positive linear relationship between PTG and cumulative trauma after the terrorist attack. Some PTG dimensions were significantly associated with PTSD symptomatology, these associations being linear, not curvilinear. However, PTG was not associated with depression symptomatology, diagnosis of emotional disorders, age, elapsed time since the attack, or optimism. In comparison with survivors assessed 18 years after the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, Spanish victims of terrorism showed higher levels of appreciation of life, but lower levels of relating to others and spiritual change. Conclusion: The findings underscore the influence of gender on PTG and provide support to the hypothesis that some emotional distress may be a necessary condition of PTG. Future studies on PTG after terrorist attacks should take into consideration the characteristics of the terrorist attack itself and the contexts of violence and threat in which it occurred. The political, social, and cultural characteristics of the community affected by it and the profile and characteristics of other traumatic events suffered after the attack should also be taken into account in further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Populations within the same species range edge may experience contrasting local conditions and exhibit diverse levels of environmental tolerance. This heterogeneity within a range boundary has seldom been considered in studies forecasting the impact of anthropogenic habitat alteration and climate change on species distributions. Moreover, any ecological prediction under changing environmental conditions requires a good understanding of the combined responses of organisms to multiple stressors, in particular the effects on key life cycle stages of species. The intertidal seaweed Fucus serratus is a dominant species on northern Atlantic shores and whose southern limit is in the NW Iberian Peninsula. We examined how early developmental stages of southern-edge populations of this foundation alga responded to the combined effects of environmental stressors, including salinity and aerial and seawater temperature. Four populations from two different areas of the NW Iberian coast were considered: two populations from open shores on the northern coast and two populations from the western rias on the Atlantic coast. The study findings revealed inter-population variability in the response to heat stress, with greater survival of germlings from the northern populations than those from western rias. Environmental conditions are still more benign within western rias, under the influence of strong summer upwelling events. The results also suggest the key role of aerial thermal stress in determining the southern limit of distribution of the target species. The future of these heterogeneous edge populations from NW Iberian Peninsula depends on trends in climate change and the ability of populations to cope with these. Environmental changes may already be occurring at rates that exceed the plastic and adaptive potential of edge populations in N Spain, while the future of western rias as climate refugia for this and other foundation alga is also uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mayo clinic classification (MCC) has been proposed in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) to identify who may experience a rapid decline of renal function. Our aim was to validate this predictive model in a population from southern Spain. Methods: ADPKD patients with measurements of height-adjusted total kidney volume (HtTKV) and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were selected. Last eGFR was estimated with Mayo Clinic (MC) equation and bias and accuracy were studied. We also analyzed predictive capacity of MCC classes using survival analysis and Cox regression models. Results: We included 134 patients with a mean follow-up of 82 months. While baseline eGFR was not different between classes, last eGFR decreased significantly with them. eGFR variation rate was different according to the MCC class with a more rapid decline in 1C, 1D, and 1E classes. Final eGFR predicted was not significantly different from the real one, with an absolute bias of 0.6 ± 17.0 mL/min/1.73 m2. P10 accuracy was low ranging from 37.5 to 59.5% in classes 1C, 1D, and 1E. Using MC equation, the rate of eGFR decline was underestimated in 1C, 1D, and 1E classes. Cox regression analysis showed that MCC class is a predictor of renal survival after adjusting with baseline eGFR, age, sex, and HtTKV, with 1D and 1E classes having the worst prognosis. Conclusion: MCC classification is able to identify patients who will undergo a more rapid decline of renal function in a Spanish population. Prediction of future eGFR with MC equation is acceptable as a group, although it shows a loss of accuracy considering individual values. The rate of eGFR decline calculated using MC equation can underestimate the real rate presented by patients of 1C, 1D, and 1E classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A link between the human papillomavirus vaccination (HPVv) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been suggested. Objective: We aimed to estimate the risk of IBD following HPVv compared with periods not exposed to the vaccines. Methods: Primary healthcare records (Spanish Primary Care Database For Pharmacoepidemiological Research [BIFAP]) were used in a cohort study of girls in Spain aged 9–18 years between 2007 and 2016 free of IBD or HPVv at study entrance. During the follow-up to IBD diagnosis, time-varying HPVv exposure and confounders were assessed in Cox models to estimate the hazard ratio (HRs) of IBD in the 2 years after HPVv (exposed period) and thereafter (post-exposed) compared with the no exposure periods. In a post hoc analysis, we moved the IBD date back 30 days as a theoretical delay in diagnosis confirmation. Results: The cohort comprised 388,669 girls; 154,174 of these received the HPVv, and 88 IBD cases occurred (55 non-exposed, 22 exposed [after first N = 6, second N = 2, or third N = 14 dose] and 11 in post-exposed periods). The adjusted HR was 1.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–4.05) for exposed and 1.10 (95% CI 0.37–3.24) for post-exposed periods. The HR for the first dose was 3.94 (95% CI 1.19–13.02). No association was found for the second or third doses. Post hoc, the HR was 1.83 (95% CI 0.72–4.69) for exposed periods (N = 18), and 1.84 (95% CI 0.35–9.83; N = 2), 1.50 (95% CI 0.40–5.63; N = 4) and 1.98 (95% CI 0.71–5.49; N = 12) after the first, second and third doses, respectively. Conclusions: This study did not show an increased risk of IBD following 2 years of HPVv exposure. However, an increased risk of IBD diagnosis was observed following the first vaccination dose (1–34 days), which is likely attributable to the clinical recommendation to vaccinate upon onset of IBD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Encrustation of ureteral double J stents is a common complication that may affect its removal. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new oral composition to prevent double J stent encrustation in indwelling times up to 8 weeks.Methods: A double-blinded, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 105 patients with indwelling double J stents enrolled across 9 public hospitals in Spain. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) into intervention (53 patients) or placebo (52 patients) groups for 3 to 8 weeks and both groups self-monitored daily their morning urine pH levels. The primary outcome of analysis was the degree of stent ends encrustation, defined by a 4-point score (0 - none; 3 - global encrustation) using macroscopic and electron microscopy analysis of crystals, after 3 to 8-w indwelling period. Score was exponentially transformed according to calcium levels. Secondary endpoints included urine pH decrease, stent removal, and incidence of adverse events.Results: The intervention group benefits from a lower global encrustation rate of stent ends than placebo group (1% vs 8.2%; p < 0.018). Mean encrustation score was 85.12 (274.5) in the placebo group and 18.91 (102.27) in the intervention group (p < 0.025). Considering the secondary end points, treated patients reported greater urine pH decreases (p = 0.002). No differences in the incidence of adverse events were identified between the groups.Conclusions: Our data suggest that the use of this new oral composition is beneficial in the context of ureteral double J indwelling by decreasing mean, as well as global encrustation.Trial Registration: This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov under the name "Combined Use of a Medical Device and a Dietary Complement in Patient Urinary pH Control in Patients With an Implanted Double J Stent" with date 2nd November 2017, code NCT03343275, and URL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article discusses the trend in Spanish life writing to give voice to those who have been silenced. This trend has been influenced by global movements such as #MeToo and focuses on issues of voice and silence, particularly in relation to crimes committed during Francisco Franco's dictatorship. The article highlights several works, including the documentary "El silencio de otros" and Baltasar Garzón's book "No a la impunidad," that shed light on these silenced stories and seek justice for the victims. The article also explores political manifestos, autobiographies of politicians, and works that focus on the experiences of women and marginalized groups. Overall, these works contribute to the ongoing debates and tensions in Spanish society and politics. [Extracted from the article]

Background: In Spain, girls are vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) in the primary care setting, according to a national vaccination programme. Vaccination is voluntary and is covered by the public health system. Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence and patterns of HPV vaccination amongst girls in primary care in Spain. Methods: A cohort study was performed using the information recorded in the Spanish Primary Care Database for Pharmacoepidemiological Research (BIFAP) from 7.9 million patients from seven Spanish regions, between 2001 and 2016 (56.6% of the regional population). Data available in BIFAP include patient age, sex, life-style factors, clinical events, specialist referrals, prescriptions, and vaccinations as recorded by the primary care physician (PCP) or administering nurse. The study cohort comprised all girls aged 9–18 years registered in BIFAP between 1st January of 2007 and 31st December of 2016 who had at least 1 year of clinical record information with their PCP (inclusion criteria). The date the inclusion criteria were met was designated as the start date to the study cohort contribution. In order to estimate the incidence of HPV vaccination (initiation of vaccination schedule), girls with an HPV vaccination recorded before the start date or without vaccination date were excluded. Girls forming the study cohort were followed from start date until there was a recorded HPV vaccination, they reached 19 years of age or died, end of available information, or 31st December 2016. The person-time of all patients forming the study cohort was reckoned in the incidence estimations. The follow-up was replicated yearly from 2007 to 2016. The cumulative incidence (CuIn) of vaccination by birth cohort, year and region, was estimated using life tables (proportion of vaccination by intervals in which the denominator is the initial population corrected for losses). Results: Of 388,690 girls forming the study population, 154,211 initiated the vaccination during 2007–2016. Ages ranged from 12 to 14 years at first dose in 84.5% of vaccinated girls, 42.79% received a quadrivalent vaccine, 21.86% a bivalent vaccine, and 35.35% an unknown type. Of the vaccinated population, 48.0% were completely vaccinated with a three-dose schedule and 28.9% with a two-dose schedule, 20.2% received one dose and 3.0% two doses in a three-dose schedule, at a maximum of 10 years of follow-up. The CuIn was highest among girls aged either 13 or 14 years over all regions (reaching 92.8% and 89.7%, respectively), and aged 12 in some regions/years (up to 89.8%). Girls aged 15 years were also vaccinated (although showing lower yearly incidence, i.e. < 69.1%) in two regions. The coverage was broadened to younger girls (11 years) during the last years of the study period in some regions. Conclusions: According to BIFAP primary care data, a high incidence of vaccination among girls aged 13–14 years was observed. Vaccination among younger and older girls were less common, although they reached high incidence in some regions and/or years. Most vaccination patterns adjusted to a complete vaccination regimen, as recommended posology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In Spain, girls and women are vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) in the primary care setting, according to a national vaccination program. Vaccination is voluntary and the cost is covered by the public health system. Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence and patterns of HPV vaccination amongst girls in Spain. Methods: A cohort study was performed using the information recorded in the Spanish Primary Care Database for Pharmacoepidemiological Research (BIFAP) from 7.4 million patients from eight Spanish regions, between 2001 and 2013 (56% of the regional population). Data available in BIFAP include patient age, sex, lifestyle factors, clinical events, specialist referrals, prescriptions, and vaccinations as recorded by the primary care physician (PCP) or administering nurse. The study cohort comprised all girls aged 11–18 years registered in BIFAP between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2013 who had at least 1 year of clinical record information with their PCP (inclusion criteria). The date the inclusion criteria were met was designated as the start date of the study cohort contribution. In order to estimate the incidence of HPV vaccination, girls forming the study cohort were followed from start date until there was a recorded HPV vaccination, they reached 19 years of age or died, the end of available information, or 31 December 2013. The person-time of all patients forming the study cohort was taken into account in the incidence estimations. The cumulative incidence (CuIn) of vaccination by birth cohort, year and region was estimated using life-tables (proportion of vaccination by intervals in which the denominator is the initial population corrected for losses). Results: Out of 273,098 girls forming the study population, 81,461 were vaccinated during 2007–2013. Age ranged from 12 to 14 years at first dose in 86.0% of vaccinated girls; 54.1% received a quadrivalent vaccine, 21.9% a bivalent vaccine, and 24.0% an unknown type. Out of the vaccinated population, 87.9% received three doses, 8.2% two and 3.9% one dose, at a maximum of 7 years of follow-up. By calendar year and region, the CuIn reached 70.0–95.8% for birth cohorts between 1993 and 1999, 28.6–99.0% for births cohorts between 1990 and 1992, and exceptionally, 70.6–99.8% for births cohorts between 2000 and 2002 in three regions. Conclusions: According to BIFAP primary care data, a high incidence of vaccination among girls aged 13–15 years was observed. Vaccination among younger and older girls was less common although they reached high incidence in those regions that included girls aged 11–18 years in mass programs. Most vaccination patterns adjusted to a three-dose regimen, as recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our group identified two pathogenic variants on the PKD1 gene, c.10527_10528delGA and c.7292T>A, from unrelated families. They came from two small counties in Granada, with 61 and 26 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) individuals affected. To determine a common ancestor, healthy and ADPKD individuals from these families were genotyped by analysing four microsatellites located on chromosome 16. Our study identified a common haplotype in all ADPKD individuals. These findings underpin our hypothesis of the founder effect and explain why there is a high frequency of ADPKD in small regions. Determining hotspots of ADPKD will help to better plan healthcare in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Even though ocular refractive state is highly heritable and under strong genetic control, the identification of susceptibility genes remains a challenge. Several HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) gene variants have been associated with ocular refractive errors and corneal pathology. Purpose. Here, we assess the association of an HGF gene variant, previously reported as associated with hyperopia, and ocular biometric parameters in a multicenter Spanish cohort. Methods. An observational prospective multicenter cross-sectional study was designed, including a total of 403 unrelated subjects comprising 188 hyperopic children (5 to 17 years) and 2 control groups: 52 emmetropic adolescents (13 to 17 years) and 163 emmetropic young adults (18 to 28 years). Each individual underwent a comprehensive eye examination including cycloplegic refraction, and topographic and ocular biometric analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from oral swabs. HGF single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12536657 was genotyped. Genotypic, allelic, and logistic regression analyses were performed comparing the different groups. A quantitative trait association test analyzing several biometric parameters was also performed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) adjusting for age and gender. Results. No association between rs12536657 and hyperopia was found through gender-adjusted logistic regression comparing the hyperopic children with either of the two control groups. Significant associations between mean topographic corneal curvature and rs12536657 for G/A (slope = +0.32; CI 95%: 0.04–0.60; p=0.023) and A/A (slope = +0.76; CI 95%: 0.12–1.40; p=0.020) genotypes were observed with the age- and gender-adjusted univariate GEE model. Both flat and steep corneal topographic meridians were also significantly associated with rs12536657 for the G/A and A/A genotypes. No association was found between rs12536657 and any other topographic or biometric measurements. Conclusions. Our results support a possible role for HGF gene variant rs12536657 in corneal curvature in our population. To our knowledge, this is the first multicenter quantitative trait association study of HGF genotypes and ocular biometric parameters comprising a pediatric cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Recent electricity management systems such as Smart Grids and Virtual Power Plants help to better integrate distributed generation renewable resources (RDG), such as photovoltaic, small hydro or micro wind in electricity markets. In this context, an important increase of small-scale power generation technologies is expected in Spain by 2020, according to the Spanish Action Plan for Renewable Energy. This paper analyses the environmental and economic impacts of the massive integration of RDG in Spain for 2020 by using an Input-Output approach. The induced production and employment effects in every sector due to new RDG project investments as well as the CO 2 reductions attributed to a decline in conventional electricity consumption are estimated. The results indicate that investments in RDG based on photovoltaic and small-hydro have the greatest impact on employment generation. The RDG investments will lead to a decrease in emissions of 21.67% in 2020 compared with 2013. The RDG technologies become an alternative to reach a sustainable economic growth in Spain. In future research, a multi-regional input-output model and the study of the links between energy consumption, standard of living and consumption patterns will aid to delve deeper into the relationship between economic growth and the environmental impacts of small-scale renewable technologies. Highlights • RDG will be over half of total installed electricity generation capacity in 2020. • The impact of RDG deployment is quantified on Spanish economy in 2020. • The IO methodology is used to study the environmental and economic impacts. • Photovoltaic and small-hydro have the highest impact on employment generation. • RDG becomes an alternative to reach a sustainable economic growth in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to validate a Spanish version of the Caregiver Skills scale (CASK) in a sample of eating disorder (ED) caregivers. A further aim was to examine the concordance/discrepancy between them (namely, between the mothers and fathers of ED patients). Method: Two hundred sixty‐five ED caregivers were recruited from ED centers in Catalonia, Spain. Confirmatory factor analyses was used to test the factorial structure of the CASK scale. Cronbach's α was used to measure internal consistency of the CASK scales. A comparison of the CASK measures between respondents (mothers and fathers) was conducted using generalized estimating equations. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Spanish version of the CASK corroborated the strong factorial validity of the 6 factors of the original CASK questionnaire. Mothers and fathers did not differ significantly on CASK overall and subscale scores. There was however less concordance between parents on the bigger picture (ICC = 0.28) and biting your tongue (ICC = 0.08) subscales. Conclusions: The CASK is a valid tool to assess ED‐related attitudes in Spanish‐speaking caregivers. Furthermore, caregivers and patients alike could stand to benefit from interventions focused on improving areas such as ED beliefs, effective communication, quality of life, and emotional distancing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Higher Education in Nursing requires providing students with skills such as critical and reflective thinking about the actions to be carried out so that they are capable of providing humanised and quality care in an increasingly complex and technified society. Participatory teaching methodologies promote the development of these skills. to explore the potential of photovoice, storytelling and poetry as instruments capable of encouraging reflection. To identify through images (photovoice) and poetic narratives (storytelling and poetry) the perception that students of the nursing degree express about nursing care. qualitative study in the framework of the socio-critical paradigm, using photovoice, storytelling and poetry in the field of care. first-year undergraduate nursing students at two Spanish universities in the academic year 2021–2022. 48 images were shown and students were asked to select one, write a narrative and generate a short poem connected to the image. Subsequently, a content analysis was conducted of those poems evoked by the five photographs most chosen by the students. The analysis was supported by qualitative data analysis software. A total of 67 contributions from 67 students were analysed. the concepts addressed in the poems and the compositions generated reveal how critical humanist thinking and reflection on the subject of care developed. The topics identified were care, accompaniment throughout the life cycle, working on the basis of values and caring for small details as subcategories of nursing care. The combination of different tools in university education has encouraged reflection and enabled students to identify for themselves the importance of humanised care. Working on the theoretical foundation in an active way can reduce the gap between theory and practice and foster the empowerment of the nursing identity. • Photovoice, storytelling and poetry help students express their perceptions of nursing care. • Students identify humanised care through reflective thinking. • The proactive consolidation of structural concepts fosters the nursing identity. • Working on theoretical concepts with active methodologies reduces the theory-practice gap. • Working on the concept of care actively empowers students in the development of their discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, plastic pollution has become one of the most concerning problems. It has been demonstrated that microplastics (MPs) can be found in most environmental compartments and that wastewater discharges have been identified as one of the main pathways for these pollutants to enter the natural environment. Knowing the amount of MPs coming from wastewater is important to establish appropriate pollution management and mitigation. Most studies analyse grab samples collected at a specific time, whose MPs content can be affected by outlier events that deviate from the average values and may give a distorted picture of the number of MPs in wastewater, either by over- or underestimation. This study deals with the collection and analysis of grab and composite samples collected throughout the day and in different months of the year to determine the variability of MPs in a wastewater treatment plant in southern Spain. No relevant differences were observed in the predominant size range or microparticle morphology, but the results confirm the differences in the amount of microparticles and MPs between the grab samples collected at different times of the day, being advisable to collect composite samples to obtain values more representative of reality. The variability in the number of MPs associated with the time of the year when the sample is taken is also observed, a factor that may be considered when sampling and which is affected by human behaviour and climatic conditions. [Display omitted] • Collection of grab and composite samples in an urban WWTP in three different months. • Variations in the amount of microplastics at different times of the day and months. • Fibers were the most abundant microparticle shape (29.2 – 94.2%). • PE, PA, PET, PP, PS, PU and PVS were the most common polymers found in the samples. • Composite sampling avoids over- or underestimation of the amount of microplastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the demand for prehospital emergency care in different countries. Objective The aim of the present study was to identify the variables associated with psychiatric calls to the Prehospital Emergency Care Services (PECS) in the province of Malaga. Method An observational retrospective study based on calls made to the PECS and registered in the computerized database of the Coordination Emergency Centre during one year (N = 163 331). Independent variables included 1. sociodemographic variables: sex and age; and 2. variables related with the characteristics of each call: time of day, type of day, time of year, caller identification, number of resources needed, number of patients attended and type of solution. The χ2 test was used to compare of the variables. A multivariant logistic regression analysis was also carried out. Results Psychiatric calls accounted for 7% of the total calls and were associated with: younger age, female gender, calls made in the evenings and afternoons, a lower number of patients attended, the call being performed by other individual calling on the patient's behalf, and no ambulance transportation. Discussion and conclusion The calls concerned with mental health problems have specific characteristics which need to be taken into account in order to provide a better care for psychiatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to analyse how immigrant workers in Spain experienced changes in their working and employment conditions brought about Spain's economic recession and the impact of these changes on their living conditions and health status. Method: We conducted a grounded theory study. Data were obtained through six focus group discussions with immigrant workers (n = 44) from Colombia, Ecuador and Morocco, and two individual interviews with key informants from Romania living in Spain, selected by theoretical sample. Results: Three categories related to the crisis emerged – previous labour experiences, employment consequences and individual consequences – that show how immigrant workers in Spain (i) understand the change in employment and working conditions conditioned by their experiences in the period prior to the crisis, and (ii) experienced the deterioration in their quality of life and health as consequences of the worsening of employment and working conditions during times of economic recession. Conclusion: The negative impact of the financial crisis on immigrant workers may increase their social vulnerability, potentially leading to the failure of their migratory project and a return to their home countries. Policy makers should take measures to minimize the negative impact of economic crisis on the occupational health of migrant workers in order to strengthen social protection and promote health and well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Galerna is the term accepted for an abrupt westerly change that affects the north coast of Spain. The wind surge travels from the mid-north coast of Spain to France, generally reaching their maximum intensity at the Basque Coast, and cuts off a period of hot weather, clear skies, and calm conditions at sea. The galernas have a large history of shipwrecks and fishermen deaths. They have been characterized as coastally trapped disturbances (CTD) and their propagation, enhanced with the local formation of a micro-front, was documented to behave like a density current. Alternatively, synoptic fronts have also been reported to cause galernas, considered to be more intense than those generated by a local micro-front. In this article we have generated the first climatology (2003–2020) of these events based on an objective identification methodology. The developed Event Identification Software (EIS), based on both 10-min surface station data and hourly ERA5 reanalysis fields, together with a new Front Identification Scheme (FIS) have enabled a deeper study into the origin and development of these micro-fronts, and a more comprehensive exploration of the interaction of the oceanic fronts entering the Bay of Biscay. Our results show that the area receives an average of four to five relatively intense galernas (V max > 50 km h−1) per year. Their number shows a great interannual variability (from one to seven) and a marked seasonality: May and June concentrate the largest fraction (almost one episode each year) and practically no episodes in winter. They occur more frequently between noon and the late afternoon, where the most intense wind records concentrate. Very strong galernas (V max > 72 km h−1) have occurred in all 18 years, can happen in any month from February to November, and their monthly distribution does not show the mentioned seasonality. On the contrary, the highest rates of temperature decrease across the galerna front in the coastal stations (−∆T/0.5 h > 4 °C) do have a stronger seasonality, with May and June concentrating a relatively large number of cases with a more abrupt temperature drop. The FIS shows that most of the galernas (83.5%) have a local origin inside the Bay of Biscay, and only a few ones (16.5%) are caused by oceanic fronts initiated out of the region. The local frontogenesis is more frequently initiated by the relatively cold marine southwesterly pre-frontals preceding a parent oceanic front and blowing against the warm continentals inside the Bay of Biscay, after being ducted along the north and northwestern coast of Spain. This hidden local frontogenesis, first revealed by the FIS, seems to be enhanced by the observed lee troughing, which could have both a thermal and dynamic origin, acting simultaneously after the intense Foehn at the coastal strip, preceding the formation of the galerna front. The local front enhancement appears to be the reason for the apparent jump of the primary front, which may eventually weaken, and even disappear, as the galerna front sharpens. Even during the more occasional frontal galernas, directly caused by the westerlies or north-westerlies behind the oceanic front, their eastward propagation is more rapid over the coastal area. The front deforms in shape and may cause its characteristic unexpected/abrupt irruption. All the EIS detected galernas, even the frontal ones, are wind reversals caused by a coastally trapped marine boundary layer. The upper-level ridge over Europe, observed in all of them, seems to be a synoptic ingredient for their development, preventing the eastward propagation of Atlantic depressions and enhancing at the same time the temperature and pressure gradients between the marine and continental air masses. • Shown a method for objective identification of galernas in the Bay of Biscay. • Strong CTD galerna events (V max > 72 kmh−1) occur every year (2003–2020). • Occurrence of galernas shows a maximum in May and June and a winter minimum. • ERA-5 based frontal identification tool reveals hidden galerna frontogenesis. • Origin and enhancement of the galerna mesofront explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature suggests that families may accommodate patients' symptoms in attempts to alleviate family conflict and stress. These accommodating and enabling behaviours may have a negative impact on carers and those they care for. There are no self-report questionnaires validated in Spanish to measure accommodation among relatives of patients with an eating disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Accommodation and Enabling Scale for Eating Disorders (AESED-S) among relatives of eating disorder patients. A cross-sectional study of 90 relatives was carried out to explore the factor structure, reliability and validity of the AESED-S. The internal consistency of the Spanish version of the AESED subscales was good, ranging from .89 to .81. The correlation of the five subscales with conceptually related measures (negative caregiving experience and distress) supports the convergent validity of this instrument in this sample. Results indicated that the Spanish version of the AESED provides a reliable and valid tool for assessing family accommodation in the context of having a relative with an eating disorder. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Migrant workers have been one of the groups most affected by the economic crisis. This study evaluates the influence of changes in employment conditions on the incidence of poor mental health of immigrant workers in Spain, after a period of 3 years, in context of economic crisis. Methods: Follow-up survey was conducted at two time points, 2008 and 2011, with a reference population of 318 workers from Colombia, Ecuador, Morocco and Romania residing in Spain. Individuals from this population who reported good mental health in the 2008 survey (n = 214) were interviewed again in 2011 to evaluate their mental health status and the effects of their different employment situations since 2008 by calculating crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for sociodemographic and employment characteristics. Findings: There was an increased risk of poor mental health in workers who lost their jobs (aOR = 3.62, 95%CI: 1.64–7.96), whose number of working hours increased (aOR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.02–5.44), whose monthly income decreased (aOR = 2.75, 95%CI: 1.08–7.00) or who remained within the low-income bracket. This was also the case for people whose legal status (permission for working and residing in Spain) was temporary or permanent compared with those with Spanish nationality (aOR = 3.32, 95%CI: 1.15–9.58) or illegal (aOR = 17.34, 95%CI: 1.96–153.23). In contrast, a decreased risk was observed among those who attained their registration under Spanish Social Security system (aOR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.02–0.48). Conclusion: There was an increase in poor mental health among immigrant workers who experienced deterioration in their employment conditions, probably influenced by the economic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]