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Due to the multicultural nature of society and the failure of some of the educational models adopted to respond to cultural diversity, there is a need to pay greater attention to teachers' training. This study examines Teacher Education students' beliefs about cultural diversity and their relationship with pre-service teacher training as key aspects in designing intercultural teacher training proposals and improving educational practice. This quantitative, descriptive study was carried out with 1464 participants enrolled in teacher training programs. The results show that future teachers have positive beliefs about cultural diversity in general terms, but their positions diverge when dealing with specific aspects and transferring them to professional practice. These beliefs vary depending on the year group, with students who are finishing their training process having more intercultural beliefs.

The article presents the construction and validation process of a questionnaire designed to study student teachers' beliefs about cultural diversity. The study, beyond highlighting the complexity involved in the study of beliefs, emphasises their relevance in implementing inclusive educational processes that guarantee the right to a good education for all. The questionnaire was administered to 1464 students from the different Teacher Education specialties. The results show that the instrument has a satisfactory internal consistency and is structured in seven components that largely correspond to the theoretical proposals used as the basis for constructing the questionnaire. The actions and analyses performed in the process of elaborating this inventory represent an advance compared to other similar studies in this line of research. From a methodological point of view, they provide detailed information about the questionnaire's psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity, with particular emphasis on the empirical data stemming from its application. From a conceptual point of view, the study incorporates beliefs related to different theoretical models of attention to cultural diversity, as well as their possible practical derivations at different levels of specificity.

Background and Objectives: The Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification is a pragmatic distribution of nine phenotypes for coronal knee alignment that can be used on healthy and arthritic knees. Our study aimed to describe the CPAK distributions in a Spanish southeast osteoarthritic population and compare them to other populations' published alignment distributions. Method and Materials: Full-leg standing X-rays of the lower limb from 528 cases originating from the so-called Vega Alta del Segura (southeast of the Iberian Peninsula) were retrospectively analysed. We measured the mechanical hip-knee-ankle, lateral distal femoral, and medial proximal tibial angles. We calculated the arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle and the joint line obliquity to classify each case according to the criteria of the CPAK classification. Results: Based on the aHKA result, 59.1% of the cases were varus (less than -2°), 32.7% were neutral (0° ± 2°), and 8.2% were valgus (greater than +2°). Based on the JLO result, 56.7% of the cases had a distal apex (less than 177°), 39.9% had a neutral apex (180° ± 3°), and 3.4% had a proximal apex (greater than 183°). The most common CPAK distribution in our Spanish southeast osteoarthritic population was type I (30.7%), followed by type IV (25.9%), type II (21%), type V (11.2%), type III (5%), type VI (2.8%), type VII (2.4%), type VIII (0.6%), and type IX (0.4%). Conclusions: We described the distribution according to the CPAK classification in a sample of the osteoarthritic population from southeastern Spain. In our sample, more than 75% of the patients were classified as type I, II, and IV.

Background: To calculate the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (through the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESE) and to identify the personal and working variables predicting the risk of EDS., Methods: Cross-sectional study performed on 476 civil servants from Murcia (October 2013 - February 2016). Prevalence of EDS and bad sleep hygiene (LSH) were determined from scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Sleep Hygiene Scale (SHS), respectively, and their association with different variables was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. Independent predictors of EDS were identified by multivariate logistic regression., Results: EDS was less prevalent (16.7%) than LSH (23.4%). Women scored higher in ESE (7.5 vs 6.3; p=0,001) and suffered twice the EDS of men (23.0 vs 10.7%, p<0.001). Workers with EDS scored higher on SHS (34.3 vs 32.7; p=0.044) and had LSH more frequently (38.7 vs 24.9%, p=0.014). Smokers were predominantly women (57.0%; p=0.087) with LSH (50.0 vs 25.8 and 18.9% amongst ex-smokers and non-smokers, p<0.001). Being a woman OR=2.5, 95%IC: 1.4-4.3; p<0.001) and having bad sleep hygiene (OR=1.8 95%IC: 1.0-3.2, p=0.032) were predictive factors irrespective of suffering from EDS., Conclusions: EDS was present in civil servants in the region of Murcia, and was higher in women than men. Excessive daytime sleepiness is strongly associated with bad sleep hygiene and became a woman.

Breakdown of foster care has been defined as the situation in which one of the involved parties terminates the intervention before having achieved the goals established for the case plan. This work presents a study carried out with a Spanish sample of 318 closed cases of children who were placed in foster homes and kinship care. The data were collected through the exhaustive review of the child protection and foster placement files, complemented with interviews of the welfare workers in charge of each case. The rate of breakdown of the entire sample was 26.1%, although it was significantly different in kinship care (19.7%) and foster care (31.2%). The results of this study indicate that the variables related to breakdown depend on the placement modality, either in foster care or kinship care. In the first case, the variables related to the child's characteristics are noteworthy, especially behavior and academic problems, with special relevance in the 9-12-year-old group, and in children who were previously in residential care. In contrast, in kinship care, the parents' problems (prison, mental health) and having some measure of guardianship are the most important. The fact of undergoing foster placement after having lived in various residential homes is transcendental. Lastly, the availability of economic resources and even the foster carers' studies seem to be related to foster breakdown.

Objective: To know the proportion of people older than 74, who are not institutionalized and not immobilized with cognitive alteration and to analyze if there is any association with social demographic characteristics and health factors., Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study, made by interview., Location: In an urban environment: Getafe, Parla, Pinto and rural environment: Griñón., Participants: The study population included all the people older than 74, that was registered in data base of individual health card, INSALUD. The sample, consisted by 704 elderly, who compliment including criterion, accuracy +/- 3.4%, p < 0.05 It's evaluated 615 persons., Measurements and Main Results: It's made by questionnaire that included social demographic variables, information about the necessity of help for basic activities in daily life (ADLs), perceived health status, illness, sensorial alterations, falls, stay in hospital, social support, rotation, architectonics obstacles. For evaluating the likely cognitive deterioration, it was used the Short Potable Mental Questionnaire (SPSMQ) with 2 cutting points: 2-4 errors and > 4 errors. The proportion of elderly people with cognitive deterioration (SPSMQ > 2) was 19% (95% CI, 16.2-22.4). This proportion grew with age, the same as men as in women (p < 0.0001), 11% (95% CI, 8-15) in < 80 years, 29% (95% CI, 23.8-34.8) in > 79 years. It's proved a significant statistically association between cognitive deficit (SPSMQ > 4), in age > 84 years OR = 4.1 (95% CI, 1.7-9.7), dependence degree for ADLs OR = 4.4 (95% CI, 2.2-8.8), and low cultural level, OR = 6.2 (95% CI, 2-18)., Conclusion: The prevalence of cognitive deficit in elderly population who lives in community environment, it's associated with the degree of functional damage, advanced age and the absence of studies, without any difference between urban and rural environment.