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Background: Polymerized allergoids conjugated with mannan represent a novel approach of allergen immunotherapy targeting dendritic cells. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal dose of mannan-allergoid conjugates derived from grass pollen (Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata) administered via either the subcutaneous or sublingual route. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a doubledummy design was conducted, involving 162 participants across 12 centers in Spain. Subjects were randomly allocated to one of nine different treatment groups, each receiving either placebo or active treatment at doses of 500, 1,000, 3,000, or 5,000 mTU/mL over four months. Each participant received five subcutaneous (SC) doses of 0.5 mL each, every 30 days, and a daily sublingual (SL) dose of 0.2 mL. Participants who received active treatment through SC, received placebo through SL. Participants who received active treatment through SL, received placebo SC. One Group, as control, received bot SC and SL placebo. The primary efficacy outcome was the improvement in titrated nasal provocation tests (NPT) at the end of the study compared to baseline. Secondary outcomes included specific antibody (IgG4, IgE) and cellular (IL-10 producing and regulatory T cell) responses. All adverse events and side reactions were recorded and assessed. Results: Post-treatment, the active groups showed improvements in NPT ranging from 33% to 53%, with the highest doses showing the greatest improvements regardless of the administration route. In comparison, the placebo group showed a 12% improvement. Significant differences over placebo were observed at doses of 3,000 mTU/mL (p=0.049 for SL, p=0.015 for SC) and 5,000 mTU/mL (p=0.011 for SL, p=0.015 for SC). A dose-dependent increase in IgG4 was observed following SC administration, and an increase in IL-10 producing cells for both routes of administration. No serious systemic or local adverse reactions were recorded, and no adrenaline was required. Conclusion: Grass pollen immunotherapy with mannan-allergoid conjugates was found to be safe and efficacious in achieving the primary outcome, whether administered via the subcutaneous or sublingual routes, at doses of 3,000 and 5,000 mTU/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Immunotherapy is the mainstay treatment for most solid tumours. However, its cardiotoxicity is not yet known and studied, and its uncertainty is even greater in elderly patients. For this reason, this ambispective study was conducted in 195 patients over 70 years of age who were treated with immunotherapy. The percentage of patients with cardiotoxicity was 1.54%; 1.35% of patients with previous heart disease were diagnosed with cardiotoxicity, and 1.65% of those without previous heart disease were diagnosed with cardiotoxicity. The median time from the initiation of treatment until the cardiac event was 45 days. The most frequent toxicity was myocarditis, which was identified in 66.7% of patients, followed by arrhythmias in 33.3% of patients. In conclusion, immunotherapy is shown to be a safe treatment in elderly cancer patients in terms of cardiotoxicity. Introduction: Immunotherapy represents a key pillar of cancer treatments, with high response rates and long survival. Its use is increasing, mainly at the expense of the geriatric population due to the ageing of this population. However, despite its benefit, its safety in certain areas such as cardiotoxicity is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the safety of immunotherapy in elderly patients using real-world data. Methods: This is an ambispective study of patients ≥ 70 years old with solid tumours who were treated with immunotherapy at the University Hospital of Salamanca. Cardiotoxicity was assessed using the CTCAEv5.0 criteria. Results: In total, 195 patients were included (76.9% male and 23.1% female), with a mean age of 75 years [70–93]. The percentage of patients with cardiotoxicity was 1.54%; 1.35% of patients with previous heart disease were diagnosed with cardiotoxicity, and 1.65% of those without previous heart disease were diagnosed with cardiotoxicity. The median time from the initiation of treatment until the cardiac event was 45 days [14–96]. The most frequent toxicity was myocarditis in 66.7% of patients, followed by arrhythmias in 33.3% of patients. Conclusions: Immunotherapy is shown to be a safe treatment in elderly cancer patients in terms of cardiotoxicity. The event rate shows no difference between patients with or without cardiac comorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biographical film provides a good number of examples in the Spanish cinema of the new century. This type of film genre acquires a remarkable diversity of formats and treatments, allowing abound on the narrative strategies of this kind of non-fiction. Along with the fictional lives of historical characters, there are tributes to current public figures and more complex approaches to artists and thinkers, as well as family portraits and personal views of filmmakers. In some titles characters with extravagant lives or protagonists of attractive dramatic events for the screen have been chosen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desalination plants constitute a new way of solving the shortage and degradation of Mediterranean hydric resources by providing a new source of water supply according to local demand, and, at the same time, being climatically independent. Since all desalination plants are located on the shoreline, environmental constraints have to do with water intake and sea outfall discharges. As for brine discharging, a wide range of case-study research is being carried out in order to solve technical uncertainties and provide our projects with preventive measures. The first of these case studies regards the prediction of brine discharge behaviour by using a reduced scale model to simulate the way it is likely to perform in a harbour. The second case-study deals with mixing brine with a thermal effluent in a pipeline to obtain a better dilution that might then minimize its impact on the area. The third case-study is aimed at protecting marine biodiversity by studying into the effects of salinity increase on the growth and survival of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the study which focuses on the changes in perceptions of social and economic aspects obtained by caregivers of cancer outpatients in palliative care in Spain from 2003 to 2007.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in Spain., Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter analysis of data from VKH patients followed for at least 6 months. The data collected were related to demographics, clinical manifestations, treatments, and complications., Results: Participants were 112 patients (224 eyes), from 13 tertiary referral centers, of mean age 37.5 ± 14.7 years; 83.9% were women. Ethnicities were 61.6% Caucasian and 30.4% Hispanic. The disease was classified as complete in 16.1%, incomplete in 55.4%, and probable in 28.6%. When seen for the first time, the clinical course was acute in 69.6%, recurrent chronic in 15.2%, and chronic in 14.3%. The most frequent treatment was corticosteroids (acute stage 42.2%, maintenance stage 55.6%). The most common complications were cataract (41.1%) and ocular hypertension (16.1%). In most eyes, visual acuity was improved (96.7%) or remained stable at the end of follow up., Conclusion: VKH in Spain mostly affects women and presents as incomplete acute stage disease. Visual prognosis is good. Cataract and glaucoma are the two most frequent complications.

Background: Familial Hypercholesterolemia is the most frequent genetic cause of premature coronary heart disease. The delay in the diagnosis prevents the correct early treatment. There are no effective screening strategies at the national level that ensure a correct diagnosis., Objective: To determine the capacity of a centralized laboratory for the diagnosis of Familial Hypercholesterolemia through the creation of a health program for population screening in the province of Huelva., Method: Active search of patients with primary hypercholesterolemia through the blood tests carried out in the reference laboratories with results of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol greater than 200 mg/dl and assessment in the Lipid Unit of Huelva to identify index cases, with subsequent family cascade screening., Results: 37,440 laboratory tests with lipid profile were examined. After screening, 846 individuals were seen in the Lipid Unit, of which they were diagnosed according to criteria of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network as possible 654 and probable/definitive 192 individuals, representing 1.74% and 0.51% of the general population examined respectively., Conclusions: The point prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in patients submitted to laboratory lipid profile tests was 1:195, higher compared to the prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the general population (based on 1 in 200-300). The opportunistic search strategy of the index case through a laboratory alert and centralized screening is an efficient strategy to implement a national screening for the diagnosis of Familial Hypercholesterolemia., (Copyright © 2021 SEEN and SED. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Composition, spatial distribution and temporal evolution of marine litter on the Spanish Mediterranean seafloor were assessed. The data derive from Spanish MEDITS surveys over 11 years and were analysed by GIS. A total amount of 2197.8 kg of litter was collected. Marine litter (by weight) was composed of plastics (29.3%), clinker (28.4%), wood (10.2%), metal (9.7%) and glass (6.2%). Its density varied among Areas (Alboran Sea > Valenciana >Alboran Island > Tramontana). For the last 11 years, the marine litter has remained stable or decreases in some case. The information provided by this study is a useful baseline to study such debris on the Spanish seafloor. The MEDITS survey has proven to be an appropriate monitoring tool, also of use to assess future control measures., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)