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The rich genetic and phenotypic diversity of species complexes is best recognized through formal taxonomic naming, but one must first assess the evolutionary history of phylogeographic lineages to identify and delimit candidate taxa. Using genomic markers, mitochondrial DNA barcoding, and morphometric analyses, we examined lineage diversity and distribution in the Iberian endemic frog Rana parvipalmata. We confirmed two deep phylogeographic lineages, one relatively homogenous genetically, found in Asturias and adjacent areas (T2), and one more fragmented and locally genetically impoverished, restricted to Galicia (T1). Analyses of their hybrid zone suggested a shallow transition characterized by far-ranging admixture, which was modelled by a wide geographic cline (~60 km for the genome average) and no obvious barrier loci (i.e. loci showing disproportionally restricted introgression). The relatively young T1 and T2 have thus remained reproductively compatible, which argues against their distinction as biological species, and we accordingly describe T2 as a new subspecies, Rana parvipalmata asturiensis ssp. nov. Remarkably, we highlight striking discordances between mitochondrial and nuclear distributions across their hybrid zones, as well as between their genetic and morphological differentiation. Our study illustrates how genomic-based phylogeographic frameworks can help decipher the high genetic and phenotypic variation of species complexes and substantiate the taxonomic assessment of candidate lineages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for high quality innovative foreign language teaching and learning materials led the CAMILLE R&D Group at the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (Spain) to design a completely online language-independent authoring tool and content manager to allow teachers from around the world to design and deliver tailor-made online courseware that would suit their learners' needs and which could be immediately modified or updated according to particular needs. This system is known as the "InGenio" System and comprises four modules: the authoring tool, the delivery platform, an online tutoring system and a module to allow authors to adapt their materials into different support languages. This paper aims to describe the specific functionalities that are embedded in "InGenio" designed to integrate specific feedback to support language acquisition in the language courses designed with the "InGenio" authoring tool. (Contains 4 figures.)

Background: Eco-anxiety is increasingly recognized as a shared experience by many people internationally, encompassing fear of environmental catastrophe and anxiety about ecological crises. Despite its importance in the context of the changing climate, measures for this construct are still being developed in languages other than English. Methods: To contribute to global eco-anxiety research, we translated the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS) into Spanish, creating the HEAS-SP. We validated this measure in samples from both Argentina (n = 990) and Spain (n = 548), performing measurement invariance and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency of the scale and score stability over time were investigated through reliability analyses. Differences in eco-anxiety across sociodemographic variables were explored through Student's t-tests and Pearson's r tests. Results: The four-factor model of the HEAS-SP comprising affective and behavioural symptoms, rumination, and anxiety about personal impact demonstrated excellent model fit. We found good internal consistency for each subscale, and established measurement invariance between Spanish and Argentine samples, as well as across genders and participants' age. Spanish participants reported higher scores on the affective symptoms and personal impact anxiety factors compared to the Argentinian sample. Also, men reported lower levels than women on the subscales of affective symptoms, rumination, and personal impact anxiety. It was found that the relationship between both age and personal impact anxiety and age and affective symptoms varies significantly depending on the gender of the individuals. Younger participants tended to report higher scores on most dimensions of eco-anxiety. Conclusions: These findings enhance the global initiative to investigate, explore and therefore comprehend eco-anxiety by introducing the first valid and reliable Spanish-language version of this psychometric instrument for its use within Spanish and Argentinian populations. This study augments the body of evidence supporting the robust psychometric properties of the HEAS, as demonstrated in prior validations for Australian, Turkish, Portuguese, German, French, and Italian populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objectives of this communication are: a) to make a brief diachronic analysis of the expansion, affirmation and sustainability of the vineyard and wine in the territory of the Upper Douro, which today produces Port wine and DOC wines of high quality; b) to summarise the three phases of the evolution of the vineyard: a first, embryonic and of reduced commercial expression, prior to the outbreak of phylloxera; the second, of slow but progressive affirmation in the subsequent period until the demarcations of João Franco and Ferreira do Amaral (1907-1908), with the institutional recognition of the extension of the Douro Demarcated Region to the border with Spain; the third, occurring in the course of the 20th century, relating to the viticultural consolidation of this sub-region; c) to compare this historical anchoring with the management of the ecological assets and resources of this viticultural space in the dimension of environmental sustainability. With regard to the methodology to be used, in addition to documentary research of sources, documents and scientific works of the speciality, we also consider methods and methodologies of Environmental History. Regarding the expected results, we emphasise the following topics of discussion: (i) the problem of water shortage and the need to monetise/rationalise resources, with a view to promoting a balance between environmental sustainability and the production of high-quality wines; (ii) the increase in new studies incorporating the environmental aspect, whose potential allows us to broaden our knowledge of ecological balance and biophysical characterisation and to test other approaches to current issues of sustainable development of inland regions of great importance in people's lives and working environments, as advocated for example by the UN's goal "12 - Sustainable Production and Consumption of the 2030 Agenda". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bulk density for shrubs and tree crowns is an important variable, useful for many purposes, namely estimations for biomass and carbon sequestration and potential fire behavior prediction. In the latter case, bulk density is required to predict the rate of spread and intensity of crown fires. However, bulk density information is scarce. The estimation of bulk density is crucial to help choosing proper pyrosilviculture options to decrease fire susceptibility. Due to the similar environmental conditions and fuel characteristics in Portugal and Spain, we modelled bulk density for the most common woody species in all the Iberian Peninsula. We used 10 different shrub type formations and a set of tree species or groups common to both countries. Equations for bulk density, in both forest canopy and understory layers, were fitted as a function of biometric variables commonly used in forest inventories for the selected species. Standardized estimates of bulk density can be associated with data from the National Forest Inventories from Portugal and Spain, to estimate biomass of the forest ecosystems and to evaluate potential fire behavior involving tree canopies and shrubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify and compare workaholism, engagement and family interaction levels among Portuguese and Spanish nurses. Background: The contribution of nursing management and leadership to workers' health and well‐being is cardinal to ensure a healthy work environment. However, factors such as workaholism, engagement and family interaction can strongly influence nurses' performance, well‐being and safety. Method: A multicentre, comparative and cross‐sectional study using 333 Portuguese (54.1%) and Spanish (45.9%) nurses working in hospitals. Results: Portuguese nurses showed higher levels for workaholism, negative work–family interaction and negative family–work interaction, while Spanish nurses presented higher levels of engagement, positive work–family interaction and positive family–work interaction. Gender, age, job experience time, academic training, working schedule and type of employment contract influenced workaholism, engagement and work–family interaction among nurses from both countries. Conclusion: During their professional practice, nurses perceived their stress differently according to each country, with Portuguese nurses presenting worst psychological conditions than Spanish nurses, namely higher workaholism, negative work–family interactions and lower engagement. Implications for Nursing Management: Workaholism, engagement and work–family interaction are important areas in which nursing managers must invest to better respond to the new challenges of work contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the affirmation and sustainability of vines and wine, articulated with cereal farming in the Douro Superior, and analises three phases of its vineyard evolution: the first, embryonic and of reduced commercial expression, prior to the phylloxera outbreak; the second, of progressive affirmation, from the last quarter of the 19th century to the demarcations of 19071908, with the institutional recognition of the enlargement of the Douro Demarcated Region to the border with Spain; the third, in the course of 20th century, corresponding to the development and wine consolidation of this sub-region, which today produces Port wine and high quality DOC wines. It is part of a vast field of research on the process of transformations of the Douro Regional Space2, the expansion of the vineyard with intra-regional differences and the economic and institutional changes in the Port wine sector, during the temporal arc considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica is the property of Universidad de la Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Purpose: To explore the aspects set forth as the minimum set of features that should integrate a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing. Design and Methods: Two focus groups were conducted, with the participation of 15 nursing professionals. Data were analysed thematically. Findings: Five topics previously identified were analysed: theoretical conceptualization, structure, patients’ inclusion and exclusion criteria, operationalization, and evaluation of the intervention(s) effectiveness. Theoretical conceptualization has been mainly grounded on Peplau's theory. Moreover, participants believe that standardized nursing language and nursing process should be the presumptions of the model. Practice Implications: This study allowed the identification of a minimum set of features that should integrate a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing, about which consensus must be reached with a view to its further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary What is known on the subject? In general, the current studies of positive mental health use questionnaires or parts thereof. However, while these questionnaires evaluate aspects of positive mental health, they fail to measure the construct itself., What does this paper add to existing knowledge? The widespread use and the lack of specific questionnaires for evaluating the positive mental health construct justify the need to measure the robustness of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire. Also six factors are proposed to measure positive mental health., What are the implications for practice? The availability of a good questionnaire to measure positive mental health in university students is useful not only to promote mental health but also to strengthen the curricula of future professionals., Abstract Introduction Nursing has a relevant role in managing mental health. It is important to identify and thereafter to enhance positive aspects of mental health among university nursing students. Aim The aim of the present study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire ( PMHQ) in terms of reliability and validity using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of university students. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 1091 students at 4 nursing schools in Catalonia, Spain. The reliability of the PMHQ was measured by means of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the test-retest stability was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the factorial structure. Results Cronbach's alpha coefficient was satisfactory (>0.70) for four of the six subscales or dimensions and ranged from 0.54 to 0.79. ICC analysis was satisfactory for the six subscales or dimensions. The hypothesis was confirmed in the analysis of the correlations between subclasses and the overall scale, with the strongest correlations being found between the majority of the subscales and the overall scale. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model proposed for the factors fit the data satisfactorily. Discussion This scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating positive mental health in university students. Implications for Practice A good questionnaire to measure positive mental health in university students is useful not only to promote mental health but also to strengthen the curricula of future professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a medication self-management platform for chronically ill patients, Medplan. Methods: We performed a 6-month single-arm prospective pre-post intervention study of patients receiving treatment for hypertension and/or dyslipidemia and/or heart failure and/or human immunodeficiency virus infection. During the pre-intervention phase, participants were followed according to their usual care; during the intervention phase, they used Medplan. We evaluated adherence, health outcomes, healthcare resources and measured the satisfaction of patients and health care professionals. Results: The study population comprised 42 patients. No differences were found in adherence to medication measured by proportion of days covered with medication (PDC). However, when adherence was measured using the SMAQ, the percentage of adherent patients improved during the intervention phase ( p < 0.05), and the number of days with missed doses decreased ( p < 0.05). Adherence measured using the Medplan app showed poor concordance with PDC. No differences were found in health outcomes or in the use of health care resources during the study period. The mean satisfaction score for Medplan was 7.2 ± 2.7 out of 10 among patients and 7.3 ± 1.7 among health care professionals. In fact, 71.4 % of participants said they would recommend the app to a friend, and 88.1 % wanted to continue using it. Conclusion: The Medplan platform proved to be feasible and was well accepted by its users. However, its impact on adherence differed depending on the assessment method. The lack of effect on PDC is mainly because patients were already good adherers at baseline. The study enabled us to validate the platform in real patients using many different mobile devices and to identify potential barriers to scaling up the platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Portuguese Journal of Mental Health Nursing / Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental is the property of Portuguese Society of Mental Health Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives The aim of the study was to compare prospectively indicator-condition ( IC)-guided testing versus testing of those with non-indicator conditions ( NICs) in four primary care centres ( PCCs) in Barcelona, Spain. Methods From October 2009 to February 2011, patients aged from 18 to 65 years old who attended a PCC for a new herpes zoster infection, seborrhoeic eczema, mononucleosis syndrome or leucopenia/thrombopenia were included in the IC group, and one in every 10 randomly selected patients consulting for other reasons were included in the NIC group. A proportion of patients in each group were offered an HIV test; those who agreed to be tested were given a rapid finger-stick HIV test (€6 per test). Epidemiological and clinical data were collected and analysed. Results During the study period, 775 patients attended with one of the four selected ICs, while 66 043 patients presented with an NIC. HIV screening was offered to 89 patients with ICs (offer rate 11.5%), of whom 85 agreed to and completed testing (94.4 and 100% acceptance and completion rates, respectively). In the NIC group, an HIV test was offered to 344 persons (offer rate 5.2%), of whom 313 accepted (90.9%) and 304 completed (97.1%) testing. HIV tests were positive in four persons [prevalence 4.7%; 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.3-11.6%] in the IC group and in one person in the NIC group (prevalence 0.3%; 95% CI 0.01-1.82%; P < 0.009). If every eligible person had taken an HIV test, we would have spent €4650 in the IC group and €396 258 in the NIC group, and an estimated 36 (95% CI 25-49) and 198 persons (95% CI 171-227), respectively, would have been diagnosed with HIV infection. The estimated cost per new HIV diagnosis would have been €129 (95% CI €107-153) in the IC group and €2001 (95% CI €1913-2088) in the NIC group. Conclusions Although the number of patients included in the study was small and the results should be treated with caution, IC-guided HIV testing, based on four selected ICs, in PCCs seems to be a more feasible and less expensive strategy to improve diagnosis of HIV infection in Spain than a nontargeted HIV testing strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Folate receptor (FR)-blocking autoantibodies (FR-autoantibodies) have been reported in women with neural tube defect- affected pregnancies and subfertility and in children with progressive neurodevelopment disorders. We investigated their prevalence and association with folate status and milk intake in adults unexposed to folic acid fortification. A cross-sectional study of a randomly selected representative sample of a Spanish population (aged 18-75 y) stratified by age and gender was performed. Plasma and red cell folate, plasma cobalamin, fasting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism, and FR-autoantibody titer were determined in blood samples from 787 fasting participants. Lifestyle data were collected and milk intake estimated from a 3-d dietary record. FR-autoantibody prevalence was 7.2% [0.30 ± 0.27 nmol (mean ± SD) FR blocked/LI, equally affecting men and women of all ages. Plasma and red cell folate and tHcy did not differ between carriers and noncarriers of FR- autoantibodies. Milk intake was higher in carriers (225 ± 199 g/d) than in noncarriers (199 ± 147 g/d) (P < 0.01). The risk of having FR-autoantibodies increased progressively with increasing quintile of milk intake and was significant in the highest quintile (~307 g/d) compared with the lowest (⩽67 g/d) [odds ratio (OR), 2.41 [95% Cl: 1.02, 5.69]; P < 0.05; linear trend, P= 0.02]. We concluded that FR-autoantibodies occur in men and women of all ages and do not affect indicators of folate status such as plasma and red cell folate and tHcy. Higher milk intake is associated with increased risk of having FR- autoantibodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Classification of CVID by clinical and immunologic phenotypes can help to provide more personalized follow-up and treatment. • The genetic study may detect a specific mutation responsible for severe CVID phenotype. • Reducing diagnostic delay in CVID has important prognostic implications and to increase awareness by clinicians at different levels of care is a priority. • Memory B-cell and T-cell phenotypes was associated with malignancy and several inflammatory complications. Given the wide heterogeneity of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), several groups have proposed clinical and immunological classifications to better define follow-up and prognostic algorithms. The present study aims to validate recent clinical and laboratory algorithms, based on different combinations of CVID biomarkers, to provide more personalized treatment and follow-up strategies. We analysed clinical and immunological features of 80 patients with suspected or diagnosed CVID, in two reference centres of Portugal and Spain. Clinical manifestations were categorized into clinical phenotyping proposed by Chapel et al. 1 that included cytopenia; polyclonal lymphocytic infiltration; unexplained enteropathy; and no disease-related complications. 76% of patients in our cohort entered one of the four categories of clinical phenotyping, without overlap (cytopenia; polyclonal lymphocytic infiltration; unexplained enteropathy; and no disease-related complications). The most prominent phenotype was "cytopenia" (40%) followed by "polyclonal lymphocytic infiltration" (19%). The remaining 24% patients of our cohort had overlap of 2 clinical phenotypes (cytopenia and unexplained enteropathy mainly). A delay of CVID diagnosis in more than 6 years presented 3.7-fold higher risk of developing lymphoproliferation and/or malignancy (p < 0.05), and was associated with increased CD8+CD45RO + T-lymphocytes (p < 0.05). An association between decreased switched-memory B cells with lymphoproliferation and malignancy was observed (p < 0.03 and p < 0.05, respectively). CD4 + T-lymphocytopenia correlated with autoimmune phenotype, with 30% prevalence (p < 0.05). HLA-DR7 expression was related to CVID onset in early life in our patients (13 vs 25 years), and DQ2.5 or DQ2.2 with unexplained enteropathy (p < 0.05). The phenotypic and genetic study is crucial for an adequate clinical orientation of CVID patients. In these two independent cohorts of patients, classification based in clinical and laboratory algorithms, provides more personalized treatment and follow-up strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]